TEMPERATURE CHARACTERISTICS FOR FREQUENCY OF RESPIRATORY MOVEMENTS IN YOUNG MAMMALS

The internal temperature of 2 day old mice deviates by +0.01° to +3.0°C. from the environmental temperature over a range of 24°. The undeveloped temperature control allows rhythmic activities in this mammalian material to be readily subjected to the analysis afforded by temperature characteristics, and thus makes possible some insight into the physicochemical events controlling vital processes in entire uninjured mammals. The thermal increments and critical temperatures obtained point to a similarity in the controlling system of reactions for both homothermic and poikilothermic organisms. For frequency of respiratory movements the increments 12,340 (19.6° to 35.2°C.); 28,340 or 36,500 (15.5° to 19.6°C.) are most frequently found (thirteen cases). Rarely µ = 8,450, 33,000, or 18,340 (two cases). The last increment is either associated with µ = 36,000 below 20°, or extends unbroken throughout the whole range (one case).

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Chip-Level Active Temperature Control for Improving Temperature Robust of a Micro-Gyroscope

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.645-646.600 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 645-646 ◽

pp. 600-604 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhi Hua Chen ◽

Le Le Liu ◽

Ding Bang Xiao ◽

Hong Juan Cui ◽

Xing Hua Wang

Keyword(s):

Ambient Temperature ◽

Temperature Control ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Internal Temperature ◽

Controlling System ◽

Active Temperature

Silicon micro-fabricated gyroscope are very sensitive to ambient temperature, this paper conducted a novel active temperature controlling system. Combined with the PTC thermistor to detect internal temperature and the inserted TEC to control the temperature, encapsulation condition inside the gyroscope was kept in a stable situation. Experimental results showed that it greatly improved the performance of the micro-gyroscope.

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TEMPERATURE CHARACTERISTICS FOR PULSATION FREQUENCY IN GONIONEMUS

The Journal of General Physiology ◽

10.1085/jgp.11.5.547 ◽

1928 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 547-562 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ernst Wolf

Keyword(s):

Critical Temperature ◽

Functional Unit ◽

Temperature Characteristic ◽

Nerve Ring ◽

Pulsation Frequency ◽

Sense Organs ◽

Critical Temperatures ◽

Temperature Characteristics ◽

System A ◽

Definite Temperature

The frequency of contraction of the bell of Gonionemus was studied in relation to temperature, with intact animals and also where different operations were made on the nervous system. A number of values of µ are found for intact animals namely 8,100±, 10,500±, 32,000± and 22,500±, with critical temperatures at 9.6°, 12.3°, and 14.0°. Four different classes of operations were used: (1) Animals where the nerve ring was cut on two opposite sides of the bell; the µ values found are 10,500± and 21,300±, with a critical temperature at 13.4°. (2) Animals with four cuts through the nerve ring gave µ = 10,600 ± and µ = 21,000, with a critical temperature at 13.1°. (3) In animals where the bell was cut in half the temperature characteristic was found to be 16,900. And finally (4) in the animals where the nerve ring was totally removed µ values of 8,100, 16,000±, and 29,000 were found, with critical temperatures at 15.0° and 9.4°. These results are discussed from the standpoint of the theory which supposes that definite "temperature characteristics" may be associated with the functional activity of particular elements in a complex functional unit, and that these elements may be separately studied and identified by suitable experimental procedures involving the magnitudes of the respective temperature characteristics and the locations of associated critical temperatures. The swimming bell of medusæ with its marginal sense organs permits a fairly direct approach to such questions. It is found that even slight injuries to the marginal nerve ring, for example, produce specific modifications in the temperature relations which are different from those appearing when the organism is cut in half.

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Using a comb filter to describe time-varying biological rhythmicities

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1980.48.3.557 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 557-561 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

P. J. Brusil ◽

T. B. Waggener ◽

R. E. Kronauer

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Temperature Control ◽

Research Unit ◽

Internal Controls ◽

Comb Filter ◽

Time Varying ◽

High Pressure Chamber ◽

Internal Temperature ◽

Microelectrode Recordings ◽

Continuous Perfusion

A modular high-pressure chamber is described. This chamber will allow stable microelectrode recordings to be made for a variety of intracellular preparations at pressure of 200-300 atmospheres absolute. Its features include internal temperature control, easy visibility, continuous perfusion, electrical penetrations, and manipulation of several internal controls while the system is at pressure. The small size and high versatility of the Wilson chamber make it a convenient and inexpensive research unit for experiments in the moderately high-pressure ranges that affect biological preparations.

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Symmetric Deflection of CFRP-Based Polymeric Laminate

Advanced Engineering Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.2-3.966 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2-3 ◽

pp. 966-971

Author(s):

Wen Yi Lin ◽

Minoru Sasaki ◽

Hirohisa Tamagawa

Keyword(s):

Temperature Control ◽

Environmental Temperature ◽

Control Method ◽

Successful Outcome ◽

Metal Composite ◽

Ionic Polymer Metal Composite ◽

Laminate Structure ◽

Ionic Polymer ◽

Polymer Metal ◽

Soft Actuators

Unlike well-investigated polymer-based soft actuators such as gel, Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite, conducting polymer, a CFRP-based polymeric laminate possesses quite distinguished properties. It was previously reported that a CFRP-PVC laminate exhibited two-way deflection in accordance with environmental temperature, but it was asymmetric deflection due to the asymmetric laminate structure. In this study, we successfully fabricated a new CFRP-based polymeric laminate which can exhibit symmetric deflection. Despite such a successful outcome, there was large room to improve the degree of its deflection. Improvement of temperature control method for the newly fabricated CFRP-based polymeric laminate resulted in enhancement of the degree of its deflection.

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PULSATION FREQUENCY OF THE ADVISCERAL AND ABVISCERAL HEART BEATS OF CIONA INTESTINALIS IN RELATION TO TEMPERATURE

The Journal of General Physiology ◽

10.1085/jgp.16.1.89 ◽

1932 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 89-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ernst Wolf

Keyword(s):

Critical Temperature ◽

Arrhenius Equation ◽

Ciona Intestinalis ◽

Pulsation Frequency ◽

Critical Temperatures ◽

Temperature Characteristics ◽

Metabolic Condition ◽

Controlling Processes

The frequency of pulsation of the heart of Ciona intestinalis increases with temperature in both advisceral and abvisceral direction, according to the Arrhenius equation. The increase in pulsation is the same in both directions. The following µ values were obtained: 8,000–, 12,000+, 16,000, in several combinations, with critical temperatures at 10°, 15°, and 20°C. The values found are comparable with earlier findings for activity of the heart in different animals. This quantitative correspondence suggests anew the conception that temperature characteristics may be employed for recognition of controlling processes. The fact that the µ's and the critical temperature are the same for advisceral and abvisceral beats, indicates that the general metabolic condition of the two ends of the heart is the same in any one individual.

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Design of Temperature Controlling System for CCD Based on DSP

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.798-799.557 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 798-799 ◽

pp. 557-560

Author(s):

Ming Xia Xiao ◽

Xing Ma

Keyword(s):

Temperature Control ◽

Dark Current ◽

Control Device ◽

Fuzzy Pid ◽

Temperature Drift ◽

Important Index ◽

Error Range ◽

Controlling System ◽

Increasing Temperature ◽

Temperature Control Device

CCD dark current is an important index of CCD properties effect, which emerges temperature drift phenomenon with the increasing temperatures. Because of the increasing temperature, CCD noise will increase exponentially. A temperature control device is designed based on DSP and fuzzy PID theory, which is composed of core control chip DSP320F28335, temperature control chip Thermal Electronic Cooler and temperature collecting chip DS18B20. Experiments show that the system can collect temperature timely and adjust temperature effectively. At the same time the system reach predetermined temperature in 2 minutes and error range is about 0.1°C.

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The influence of environmental temperatures on farrowing rates and litter sizes in South African pig breeding units

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.4102/ojvr.v81i1.824 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 81 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Leana Janse van Rensburg ◽

Brian T. Spencer

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Temperature Control ◽

Environmental Temperature ◽

Control Mechanisms ◽

Ambient Temperatures ◽

Commercial Breeding ◽

Weather Stations ◽

Main Determinants ◽

Environmental Temperatures ◽

Farrowing Rate

The reproductive performance of pigs is one of the main determinants of the profit farmers make from pig production. This study was undertaken to describe whether periods of high environmental temperature have an effect on the farrowing rate, litter sizes and number of stillbirths in commercial breeding units in South Africa. Data were collected weekly from four commercial breeding units with good records from December 2010 to August 2012. These data included the number of sows mated, number of sows farrowed and number of piglets born alive, as well as the number of stillbirths. Note was also taken of whether environmental temperature control mechanisms were employed. Temperature data from weather stations within 100 km of the breeding units were obtained from the South African Weather Service. In all breeding units a decrease in farrowing rate following mating during severe average temperatures (> 30 °C) when compared to the farrowing rate following mating during mild average temperatures (< 22 °C) was observed. When mating occurred at higher temperatures, the resultant litter size was marginally decreased in the breeding units that did not employ environmental temperature control, but was unaffected in the breeding units that did. In all four breeding units the trend was for the average number of piglets born alive to increase as the environmental temperature around the time of farrowing increased and the trend in three of the four breeding units was for the percentage of stillbirths per litter to decrease with increased temperature around the time of farrowing. The most significant observation in this study was the trend for farrowing rates to decrease following inseminations during times of high ambient temperatures (> 30 °C). Environmental temperature control did not negate this effect, but the breeding units employing the environmental temperature control did show higher average farrowing rates overall.

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