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2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saki Minami ◽  
Mitsuhiro Nagata ◽  
Shigeru Sueoka ◽  
Shoma Fukuda ◽  
Yuya Kajita ◽  
...  

AbstractWe performed zircon U–Pb dating on the Pliocene Tanigawa-dake granites (Makihata and Tanigawa bodies) and the Cretaceous Minakami quartzdiorite, Northeast Japan Arc. Concordia ages were estimated to be 3.95 ± 0.11 Ma (± 2 sigma) for the Makihata body, 3.18 ± 0.13 Ma and 3.32 ± 0.15 Ma for the Tanigawa body, and 109.4 ± 2.2 Ma for the Minakami quartzdiorite. The Minakami quartzdiorite is possibly correlated to the bedrock in the Ashio belt because the age of the Minakami quartzdiorite is consistent with the zircon U–Pb ages of the earliest Tadamigawa granites (107–62 Ma) which are distributed to the northeast of the Tanigawa-dake region and belong to the Ashio belt. All the zircon U–Pb ages of the Tanigawa-dake granites are older than the previously reported cooling ages, i.e., K–Ar ages and zircon fission-track ages, being consistent with their difference in closure temperature. On the basis of these results, we concluded that the intrusive ages of the Tanigawa-dake granites are ~ 4–3 Ma, which are among the youngest exposed plutons on Earth. The U–Pb ages of the Makihata body and the Tanigawa body are different significantly in the 2 sigma error range. Thus, the Tanigawa body intruded later than the Makihata body by ~ 0.7 Myr. Graphical Abstract


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saki Minami ◽  
Mitsuhiro Nagata ◽  
Shigeru Sueoka ◽  
Shoma Fukuda ◽  
Yuya Kajita ◽  
...  

Abstract We performed zircon U–Pb dating on the Pliocene Tanigawa-dake granites (Makihata and Tanigawa bodies) and the Cretaceous Minakami quartzdiorite, Northeast Japan Arc. Concordia ages were estimated to be 3.95 ± 0.11 Ma (± 2 sigma) for the Makihata body, 3.18 ± 0.13 Ma and 3.32 ± 0.15 Ma for the Tanigawa body, and 109.4 ± 2.2 Ma for the Minakami quartzdiorite. The Minakami quartzdiorite is possibly correlated to the bedrock in the Ashio belt because the age of the Minakami quartzdiorite is consistent with the zircon U–Pb ages of the earliest Tadamigawa granites (107–62 Ma) which are distributed to the northeast of the Tanigawa-dake region and belong to the Ashio belt. All the zircon U-Pb ages of the Tanigawa-dake granites are older than the previously reported cooling ages, i.e., K–Ar ages and zircon fission-track ages, being consistent with their difference in closure temperature. On the basis of these results, we concluded that the intrusive ages of the Tanigawa-dake granites are ~4–3 Ma, which are among the youngest exposed plutons on Earth. The U–Pb ages of the Makihata body and the Tanigawa body are different significantly in the 2 sigma error range. Thus, the Tanigawa body intruded later than the Makihata body by ~0.7 Myr.


Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 2351
Author(s):  
Jina Bae ◽  
Hyoungsik Nam

This paper proposes an OLED pixel compensation circuit that copes with threshold voltage variation, narrow data voltage range, and body effect on a backplane of silicon-based transistors. It consists of six PMOS transistors and two capacitors. The data voltage range is extended by the capacitor division with two capacitors, and the connection of both source and gate nodes to the supply voltage makes the driving transistor free from the body effect. In addition, the reference voltage is used to initialize the gate node voltage of the driving transistor as well as to adjust the data voltage region. By the SPICE simulation, it is verified that the current error over the threshold voltage variations of ±10 mV is reduced to be −1.200% to 0.964% at the maximum current range of around 8 nA, and the data voltage range is extended to 3.4 V, compared to the large current error range from −21.46% to 27.36% and the data voltage range of 0.41 V in the basic 2T1C circuit. In addition, the body-effect-free circuit outperforms the latest 4T1C circuit of the current error range from −3.279% to 3.388%.


Author(s):  
Ye-lim Kang ◽  
◽  
Tae-ho Cho ◽  

Fine dust refers to harmful substances floating in the air. It is divided into PM 2.5 and PM 10, and has the characteristic that the particles are small enough to be invisible to the naked eye. When fine dust enters a room, it can enter the human body through the bronchi and cause lung or respiratory diseases. To solve the health problems caused by fine dust, research and development about various air purification systems are progressing. In this paper, we introduce a Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)-based Internet of Things (IoT) air purification system. This WSNs-based IoT air purification system refers to a system in which an IoT air purifier and a window are automatically controlled based on fine dust values detected by sensor nodes. Therefore, because it is important to maintain the integrity of the fine dust values, SSL/TLS, an encryption protocol, is applied to this system. However, the existing SSL/TLS has a problem in which, if an attacker attempts a false data injection attack, the symmetric key itself used to encrypt and decrypt the data is stolen, so it cannot be detected. To solve this problem, in this paper we propose a Discrete Event System Specification (DEVS) model based on Data Calibration that verifies whether the fine dust values detected by sensor nodes and an IoT air purifier is within a preset error range. If the fine dust value is not within the preset error range, it is detected as false data, filtered, and not stored in the database. Because this proposed scheme verifies the integrity of the fine dust values, it not only raises the accuracy of collected sensing data, but also prevents abnormal operation of an IoT air purifier and a window in advance. Therefore, the security of the WSNs-based IoT air purification system is improved.


Author(s):  
Cody J. O’Grady ◽  
Vincent J. Dalbo ◽  
Masaru Teramoto ◽  
Jordan L. Fox ◽  
Aaron T. Scanlan

This study determined whether external workload could be anticipated during 5 vs. 5 games-based drills in basketball. Thirteen semi-professional, male basketball players were monitored during 5 vs. 5 training drills across the season. External workload was determined using PlayerLoad™ (AU∙min−1). The reference workload for each drill was calculated across all sessions, using bootstrapping. The bootstrap mean workload and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were then calculated for session 1, sessions 1–2, and continued for remaining sessions (1–3, 1–4, etc.), and were compared with those of the reference workload. The minimum sessions to anticipate workload for each drill was identified when the first normative value fell within ±5% or ±10% of the reference workload 95% CI. The minimum sessions were then tested to determine the accuracy to which workload could be anticipated. Three to four sessions were needed to anticipate workload within ±5%, while 2–3 sessions were needed to anticipate workload within ±10%. External workload was anticipated in 0–55% of future sessions using an error range of ±5%, and in 58–89% of sessions using an error range of ±10%. External workload during 5 vs. 5 games-based drills can be anticipated in most sessions using normative values established during a short-term monitoring period with an error range of ±10%.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Schwendicke ◽  
J. Krois ◽  
R. Jordan

Objectives: We aimed to predict the usage of dental services in Germany from 2000 to 2015 based on epidemiologic and demographic data, and to compare these predictions against claims within the statutory health insurance. Methods: Indicators for operative (number of coronally decayed or filled teeth, root surface caries lesions, and fillings), prosthetic (number of missing teeth), and periodontal treatment needs (number of teeth with probing pocket depths (PPDs) ≥ 4 mm) from nationally representative German Oral Health Studies (1997, 2005, 2014) were cross-sectionally interpolated across age and time, and combined with year- and age-specific population estimates. These, as well as the number of children eligible for individual preventive services (aged 6 to 17 y), were adjusted for age- and time-specific insurance status and services’ utilization to yield predicted usage of operative, prosthetic, periodontal, and preventive services. Cumulative annual usage in these 4 services groups were compared against aggregations of a total of 24 claims positions from the statutory German health insurance. Results: Morbidity, utilization, and demography were highly dynamic across age groups and over time. Despite improvements of individual oral health, predicted usage of dental services did not decrease over time, but increased mainly due to usage shifts from younger (shrinking) to older (growing) age groups. Predicted usage of operative services increased between 2000 and 2015 (from 52 million to 56 million, +7.8%); predictions largely agreed with claimed services (root mean square error [RMSE] 1.9 million services, error range −4.6/+3.8%). Prosthetic services increased (from 2.4 million to 2.6 million, +11.9%), with near perfect agreement to claimed data [RMSE 0.1 million services, error range −8.3/+3.9%]). Periodontal services also increased (from 21 million to 27 million, +25.9%; RMSE 5.2 million services, error range +21.9/+36.5%), as did preventive services (from 22 million to 27 million, +20.4%; RMSE 3 million, error range −13.7/−4.7%). Conclusion: Predicting dental services seems viable when accounting for the joint dynamics of morbidity, utilization, and demographics. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Based on epidemiologic and demographic data, predicting usage of certain dental services is viable when accounting for the dynamics of morbidity, utilization, and demographics.


2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Ho Moon ◽  
Hye-Won Hwang ◽  
Shin-Jae Lee

ABSTRACT Objectives To evaluate a new superimposition method compatible with computer-aided cephalometrics and to compare superimposition error to that of the conventional Sella-Nasion (SN) superimposition method. Materials and Methods A total of 283 lateral cephalometric radiographs were collected and cephalometric landmark identification was performed twice by the same examiner at a 3-month interval. The second tracing was superimposed on the first tracing by both the SN superimposition method and the new, proposed method. The proposed method not only relied on SN landmarks but also minimized the differences between four additional landmarks: Porion, Orbitale, Basion, and Pterygoid. The errors between the landmarks of the duplicate tracings oriented by the two superimposition methods were calculated at Anterior Nasal Spine, Point A, Point B, Pogonion, and Gonion. The paired t-test was used to find any statistical difference in the superimposition errors by the two superimposition methods and to investigate whether there existed clinically significant differences between the two methods. Results The proposed method demonstrated smaller superimposition errors than did the conventional SN superimposition method. When comparisons between the two superimposition methods were made with a 1-mm error range, there were clinically significant differences between them. Conclusions The proposed method that was compatible with computer-aided cephalometrics might be a reliable superimposition method for superimposing serial cephalometric images.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jie Bai ◽  
Shuai Liu ◽  
Wei Wang

The linear model of an aero engine is effective in a small range of the neighborhood of equilibrium points. According to this problem, the identification method for the parameter uncertain linear model of the aero engine was proposed. The identification problem is solved by calculating nonlinear programming. Considering the parameter uncertainty of the model is the critical point of this research during the optimization process. A parameter uncertain model of an aero engine can be obtained, which has large use range. This method is used for DGEN380 aero engine. The two parameters, VDD and VE, are defined for describing error range. Compared with experimental data, the uncertain model of DGEN 380 can simulate the real state of DGEN380 within 1% error range when ΔPLA<22%. Compared with another conventional method of identification (recursive least squares), the parameter uncertain model, established by the method of this research, has a broad application area through parameter uncertainty of the model.


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 793-799
Author(s):  
Scott Pardo

Aim: Inaccurate blood glucose monitoring system (BGMS) results may lead to insulin dosing errors and adverse clinical outcomes. Results & methodology: This post-hoc analysis used a model to estimate the bolus insulin dose error associated with each of the five BGMSs, for a hypothetical person with diabetes (assuming a standardized meal and target blood glucose of 100 mg/dl). Differences in dose-error distribution between BGMSs were statistically tested. The 95% dose-error range for each BGMS was (insulin units): CONTOUR®PLUS, -1.1–0.7; Accu-Chek® Active, -2.4–0.7; Accu-Chek® Performa, -2.9–0.8; FreeStyle Freedom, from -5.5 to -0.5; OneTouch® SelectSimple™, -4.1−3.0. Conclusion: The CONTOUR®PLUS BGMS was associated with a statistically significantly smaller model-estimated median bolus insulin dose-error and dosing error range, compared with the other BGMSs.


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