scholarly journals CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL BEHAVIOR OF CASEIN SOLUTIONS

1921 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Loeb
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Physical Behavior ◽  
Egg Albumin

The experiments on casein solutions therefore confirm the conclusion at which we arrived from the behavior of gelatin and crystalline egg albumin that the forces determining the combination between proteins and acids or alkalies are the same forces of primary valency which also determine the reaction between acids and alkalies with crystalloids, and that the valency and not the nature of the ion in combination with a protein determines the effect on the physical properties of the protein.

Hydrothermal Field Experiment Simulating Steel Canister Embedded in Expansive Clay - Physical Behavior of the Clay

1991 ◽  
Vol 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Pusch ◽  
Ola Karnland ◽  
Alain Lajudie ◽  
Rosemarie Atabek
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Expansive Clay ◽  
Physical Behavior ◽  
Gas Formation ◽  
Aluminum Compounds ◽  
Short Test ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACTField heat experiments with kaolinite/smectite clay surrounding heaters in boreholes were conducted for 0.7 and 4 years with temperatures up to 170-180°C. The short test gave a high degree of water saturation even in the hottest part (> 75 %) and almost no change in physical properties and mineral composition. The long test gave a dry inner zone of claystone, indicating gas formation, and rich precipitation of silica/aluminum compounds and sulphate minerals. Brittleness characterized the hot parts and stiffening occurred also in the colder parts due to precipitation of silica and aluminum.

IV. The Micellar Theory of the Structure of Rubber

1942 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-451
Author(s):  
G. Gee
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Infinite Dilution ◽  
Mechanical Deformation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Physical Behavior ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Micelle Size ◽  
Weight Data

Abstract The molecular weight data reported in Part II depend on the assumption that the values obtained by extrapolating osmotic pressure measurements to infinite dilution represent true molecular weights. This point of view has been strongly criticized, particularly by Pummerer and his coworkers, according to whom rubber normally exists in solution in the form of micelles comprising more or less well-defined aggregates containing a considerable number of chemical molecules. The- osmotic “molecular weight” is then regarded as the weight of an average micelle. If they exist, these micelles may be important in determining both the chemical and physical behavior of rubber, for we should clearly expect the bonds by which the chemical molecules are bound into micelles to be weaker than those within the molecules. It may be noted that it has been shown elsewhere that the physical properties of a series of rubber fractions are closely related to their osmotic and viscosity molecular weights. Since, according to the micellar theory, these fractions can differ only in micelle size, their mechanical behavior must, from this viewpoint, be determined by the size of the micelles, which must therefore remain intact during mechanical deformation of the rubber. It is the object of the present paper to examine in more detail the basis of the micellar theory, and especially to offer an interpretation of the results of the East method, on which Pummerer's arguments are mainly based.

scholarly journals ION SERIES AND THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PROTEINS. I

1920 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Loeb
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Dibasic Acid ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Phosphoric Acids ◽  
Acid Salts

1. This paper contains experiments on the influence of acids and alkalies on the osmotic pressure of solutions of crystalline egg albumin and of gelatin, and on the viscosity of solutions of gelatin. 2. It was found in all cases that there is no difference in the effects of HCl, HBr, HNO3, acetic, mono-, di-, and trichloracetic, succinic, tartaric, citric, and phosphoric acids upon these physical properties when the solutions of the protein with these different acids have the same pH and the same concentration of originally isoelectric protein. 3. It was possible to show that in all the protein-acid salts named the anion in combination with the protein is monovalent. 4. The strong dibasic acid H2SO4 forms protein-acid salts with a divalent anion SO4 and the solutions of protein sulfate have an osmotic pressure and a viscosity of only half or less than that of a protein chloride solution of the same pH and the same concentration of originally isoelectric protein. Oxalic acid behaves essentially like a weak dibasic acid though it seems that a small part of the acid combines with the protein in the form of divalent anions. 5. It was found that the osmotic pressure and viscosity of solutions of Li, Na, K, and NH4 salts of a protein are the same at the same pH and the same concentration of originally isoelectric protein. 6. Ca(OH)2 and Ba(OH)2 form salts with proteins in which the cation is divalent and the osmotic pressure and viscosity of solutions of these two metal proteinates are only one-half or less than half of that of Na proteinate of the same pH and the same concentration of originally isoelectric gelatin. 7. These results exclude the possibility of expressing the effect of different acids and alkalies on the osmotic pressure of solutions of gelatin and egg albumin and on the viscosity of solutions of gelatin in the form of ion series. The different results of former workers were probably chiefly due to the fact that the effects of acids and alkalies on these proteins were compared for the same quantity of acid and alkali instead of for the same pH.

scholarly journals Effect of Addition of Chokeberry Juice Concentrate and Foaming Agent on the Physical Properties of Agar Gel

Gels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Ewa Jakubczyk ◽  
Anna Kamińska-Dwórznicka
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Bubble Diameter ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Texture Profile ◽  
Agar Gels ◽  
Juice Concentrate ◽  
Chokeberry Juice

This study aimed to determine the effect of the addition of chokeberry juice concentrate (CJC) and foaming agent (egg albumin) with different percentages on the selected physical properties of agar gel. The agar gels with the addition of 5, 10, and 20% concentrations of chokeberry juice concentrate and with fructose addition were prepared. In addition, the foamed gels with different concentrations of egg albumin (in the range 0.5–2.0%) and CJC were produced. The water content, colour, density, hold-up and some mechanical and TPA (Texture Profile Analysis) descriptors as well some structural and acoustic emission parameters of non-aerated and foamed gels were analysed. The addition of CJC changed the colour of agar gel with fructose, the attractive appearance of the aerated gel was also linked with the addition of concentrate. The addition of 20% of CJC and foaming agent created samples with very low hardness, cohesiveness, and gumminess, and the structure of the aerated samples was characterised by the larger bubble diameter and the wider distribution of their size. The more promising texture and structure properties were obtained for samples with aerated gels with 5 and 10% addition of chokeberry juice concentrate.

scholarly journals Substitution of aggregates by waste foundry sand: effects on physical properties of mortars

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (343) ◽  
pp. e251
Author(s):  
B.A. Feijoo ◽  
J.I. Tobón ◽  
O.J. Restrepo-Baena
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Capillary Absorption ◽  
Foundry Sand ◽  
Physical Behavior ◽  
Thermally Activated ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Waste Foundry Sand

The substitution of the normalized aggregate by residual foundry sand (WFS) was studied on the physical properties of mortars by means of resistance to compression and capillary absorption tests. The aggregate was replaced by WFS in its natural state (WFS), washed residual foundry sand (WFSW) and heat treated residual foundry sand (WFST). The WFS had a percentage of bentonite, which was sought to be thermally activated. It was found that the physical behavior of the mortars containing WFS and WFSW was similar to that of the control sample. The clay recovered from the sand washing was evaluated for its pozzolanic potential, it was found that, with the thermal treatment, the montmorillonite acquires pozzolanic behavior. Mortars with WFST presented a drop in compressive strength. The pozzolanic effect achieved in the clay was not reflected in the compressive strength of the mortars with WFST.

scholarly journals Basil Seed Gum Enhances the Rheological and Physical Properties of Egg Albumin Foams

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Mirarab Razi ◽  
Ali Motamedzadegan ◽  
Seyed Ahmad Shahidi ◽  
Ali Rashidinejad
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Basil Seed Gum ◽  
Seed Gum

Characterization of Stressed and Crosslinked Polymers by 13C-CP/MAS and NMR Imaging

1990 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winfried Kuhn ◽  
Isolde Theis ◽  
Elmar Koeller
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Nmr Imaging ◽  
Physical Behavior ◽  
Aging Conditions

ABSTRACTAging of polymers and elastomers is a time dependent alteration of the chemical composition and physical properties depending on the aging conditions. Chemical reactions and hence changes in the chemical composition result in many cases from influence by oxygen or solvents and treatment of the bulk material at high temperatures. Aging of the materials by mechanical strain as well as in an oxidative manner can alter the ratio of amorphous to crystalline portions in the polymer, break chemical bondings and hence can alter the physical behavior of the materials.

The Photometric Properties of the Ap Stars

1976 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 365-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hauck
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Ap Stars

The Ap stars are numerous - the photometric systems tool It would be very tedious to review in detail all that which is in the literature concerning the photometry of the Ap stars. In my opinion it is necessary to examine the problem of the photometric properties of the Ap stars by considering first of all the possibility of deriving some physical properties for the Ap stars, or of detecting new ones. My talk today is prepared in this spirit. The classification by means of photoelectric photometric systems is at the present time very well established for many systems, such as UBV, uvbyβ, Vilnius, Geneva and DDO systems. Details and methods of classification can be found in Golay (1974) or in the proceedings of the Albany Colloquium edited by Philip and Hayes (1975).

The Infection of Cells by Bullet-Shaped Viruses

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 372-373
Author(s):  
Frederick A. Murphy ◽  
Alyne K. Harrison ◽  
Sylvia G. Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Thin Section ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Cell Infection ◽  
Thin Section Electron Microscopy ◽  
Section Electron ◽  
Section Electron Microscopy

The bullet-shaped viruses are currently classified together on the basis of similarities in virion morphology and physical properties. Biologically and ecologically the member viruses are extremely diverse. In searching for further bases for making comparisons of these agents, the nature of host cell infection, both in vivo and in cultured cells, has been explored by thin-section electron microscopy.

Transmission electron microscopy of composite materials

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 1012-1015
Author(s):  
K.P.D. Lagerlof
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Structural Composites ◽  
Multiphase Materials ◽  
Structural Reinforcement ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Reinforced Fiber ◽  
Particulate Reinforced Composites ◽  
Definition Of

Although most materials contain more than one phase, and thus are multiphase materials, the definition of composite materials is commonly used to describe those materials containing more than one phase deliberately added to obtain certain desired physical properties. Composite materials are often classified according to their application, i.e. structural composites and electronic composites, but may also be classified according to the type of compounds making up the composite, i.e. metal/ceramic, ceramic/ceramie and metal/semiconductor composites. For structural composites it is also common to refer to the type of structural reinforcement; whisker-reinforced, fiber-reinforced, or particulate reinforced composites [1-4].For all types of composite materials, it is of fundamental importance to understand the relationship between the microstructure and the observed physical properties, and it is therefore vital to properly characterize the microstructure. The interfaces separating the different phases comprising the composite are of particular interest to understand. In structural composites the interface is often the weakest part, where fracture will nucleate, and in electronic composites structural defects at or near the interface will affect the critical electronic properties.

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