Risk Factors for Subsequent Cervicovaginal Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection and the Protective Role of Antibodies to HPV‐16 Virus‐Like Particles

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the overall and type-specific prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among females living in riverside communities in the state of Pará, in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon. These communities are inhabited by low-income people, and are accessible only by small boats. Cervical cytology and risk factors for HPV infection were also assessed. Methods Cervical samples from 353 women of selected communities were collected both for Papanicolau (Pap) test and HPV detection. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR were used to assess the overall and type-specific prevalence of HPV-16 and HPV-18, the main oncogenic types worldwide. Epidemiological questionnaires were used for the assessment of the risk factors for HPV infection. Results The mean age of the participants was 37 years (standard deviation [SD] ± 13.7). Most were married or with a fixed sexual partner (79%), and had a low educational level (80%) and family monthly income (< U$ 250; 53%). Overall, HPV prevalence was 16.4% (n = 58), with 8 cases of HPV-16 (2.3%) and 5 of HPV-18 (1.4%). Almost 70% of the women surveyed had never undergone the Pap test. Abnormal cytology results were found in 27.5% (n = 97) of the samples, with higher rates of HPV infection according to the severity of the lesions (p = 0.026). Conclusions The infections by HPV-16 and HPV-18 were not predominant in our study, despite the high prevalence of overall HPV infection. Nevertheless, the oncogenic potential of these types and the low coverage of the Pap test among women from riverside communities demonstrate a potential risk for the development of cervical lesions and their progression to cervical cancer, since the access to these communities is difficult and, in most cases, these women do not have access to primary care and public health services.

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Prevalence and Incidence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection Before and After Pregnancy: Pooled Analysis of the Control Arms of Efficacy Trials of HPV-16/18 AS04-Adjuvanted Vaccine

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz486 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jing Chen ◽

Kusuma Gopala ◽

Akarsh Puthatta ◽

Frank Struyf ◽

Dominique Rosillon

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Clinical Trial Registration ◽

Hpv 16 ◽

Cervical Sample ◽

Efficacy Trials ◽

Hpv Prevalence ◽

Before And After

Abstract Objective Data on human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence around pregnancy were inconsistent. We assessed HPV prevalence before and after pregnancy, HPV incidence after pregnancy, and risk factors for HPV infection. Method Data from 15 754 women in control arms of 5 AS04-HPV-16/18 vaccine efficacy trials were analyzed, including 3001 women with at least 1 pregnancy. Results of HPV deoxyribonucleic acid testing on cervical samples were available. We analyzed risk factors, including age, region, pregnancy and its outcomes, duration from pregnancy resolution to collection of first postresolution cervical sample, previous HPV infection, cigarette smoking, and number of sexual partners with Cox regression. Results Prevalence of high-risk oncogenic (hr)-HPV types was similar before and after pregnancy (20.8% vs 19.8%). Incidence of hr-HPV was 40.1 per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 23.4–64.2) at 0–3 months, 266.7 (95% CI, 217.4–323.7) at 3–6 months, and 95.7 (95% CI, 83.9–108.7) at >6 months after pregnancy. Risk factors associated with HPV infection after pregnancy are previous HPV infection, elective abortion, and younger age at pregnancy resolution. Conclusions Pregnancy could not be confirmed as a risk factor for HPV infection in this population despite an increased incidence detected 3–6 months after pregnancy resolution. Most women remained HPV negative after pregnancy. Clinical Trial Registration NCT001226810 (HPV-008 trial), NCT00294047 (HPV-015 trial), NCT00316693 and NCT00929526 (HPV-032/063 trials), and NCT00779766 (HPV-039 trial).

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Human Papillomavirus infection requires the CCT Chaperonin Complex

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.01943-20 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marina Bugnon Valdano ◽

Paola Massimi ◽

Justyna Broniarczyk ◽

David Pim ◽

Michael Myers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Viral Entry ◽

Intracellular Trafficking ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Cellular Proteins ◽

Target Cells ◽

Structural Protein ◽

Hpv 16 ◽

Infectious Entry

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a multi-step process that implies complex interactions of the viral particles with cellular proteins. The HPV capsid includes the two structural proteins L1 and L2, that play crucial roles on infectious viral entry. L2 is particularly relevant for the intracellular trafficking of the viral DNA towards the nucleus. Here, using proteomic studies we identified CCT proteins as novel interaction partners of HPV-16 L2. The CCT multimeric complex is an essential chaperonin which interacts with a large number of protein targets. We analysed the binding of different components of the CCT complex to L2. We confirmed the interaction of this structural viral protein with the CCT subunit 3 (CCT3) and we found that this interaction requires the N-terminal region of L2. Defects in HPV-16 pseudoviral particle (PsVs) infection were revealed by siRNA-mediated knockdown of some CCT subunits. While a substantial drop in the viral infection was associated with the ablation of CCT component 2, even more pronounced effects on infectivity were observed upon depletion of CCT component 3. Using confocal immunofluorescence assays, CCT3 co-localised with HPV PsVs at early times after infection, with L2 being required for this to occur. Further analysis showed the colocalization of several other subunits of CCT with the PsVs. Moreover, we observed a defect in capsid uncoating and a change in PsVs intracellular normal processing when ablating CCT3. Taken together, these studies demonstrate the importance of CCT chaperonin during HPV infectious entry. Importance Several of the mechanisms that function during the infection of target cells by HPV particles have been previously described. However, many aspects of this process remain unknown. In particular, the role of cellular proteins functioning as molecular chaperones during HPV infections has been only partially investigated. To the best of our knowledge, we describe here for the first time, a requirement of the CCT chaperonin for HPV infection. The role of this cellular complex seems to be determined by the binding of its component 3 to the viral structural protein L2. However, CCT’s effect on HPV infection most probably comprises the whole chaperonin complex. Altogether, these studies define an important role for the CCT chaperonin in the processing and intracellular trafficking of HPV particles and in subsequent viral infectious entry.

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The role of circumcision, tobacco, and alcohol use in genital human papillomavirus infection among men from Denmark

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1177/09564624211014727 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 095646242110147

Author(s):

Julie B Hebnes ◽

Christian Munk ◽

Kirsten Frederiksen ◽

Hans O Joergensen ◽

Thomas Iftner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Sexual Behavior ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Sex Partners ◽

Current Cigarette Smoking ◽

Hpv Dna ◽

Potential Risk Factors

It is crucial to understand the natural history of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in men to prevent the increasing male HPV-related disease burden. We evaluated the associations between HPV infection and circumcision, smoking, and alcohol use after accounting for sexual behavior. The study included 2331 male personnel from Danish barracks. Penile swabs were tested for HPV DNA with a polymerase chain reaction assay, INNO-LiPA. All men completed a self-administered questionnaire providing data on potential risk factors for HPV such as lifestyle and sexual habits. Using multivariable logistic regression, associations between potential risk factors and HPV infection were estimated and expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Current cigarette smoking was associated with increased odds of HPV detection (OR = 1.2; 95% CI: 1.0–1.4), but we found no association with alcohol use in the analysis adjusted for sexual behavior. Circumcision reduced the odds of a prevalent HPV infection (OR = 0.7; 95% CI: 0.5–1.0) although not statistically significantly. Strong associations with lifetime and recent number of female sex partners were observed, but in contrast to uncircumcised men, increasing number of sex partners was not associated with higher HPV prevalence in circumcised men. In conclusion, smoking was associated with increased odds of penile HPV in men from the general population in Denmark, whereas circumcision seemed to reduce the risk. Moreover, our results indicated that there might be differences in the viral susceptibility between circumcised and uncircumcised men.

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ADAR1 function affects HPV replication and is associated to recurrent human papillomavirus-induced dysplasia in HIV coinfected individuals

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-56422-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Maria Pujantell ◽

Roger Badia ◽

Iván Galván-Femenía ◽

Edurne Garcia-Vidal ◽

Rafael de Cid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Immune Activation ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Type I ◽

Innate Immune Activation ◽

Enhanced Expression

AbstractInfection by human papillomavirus (HPV) alters the microenvironment of keratinocytes as a mechanism to evade the immune system. A-to-I editing by ADAR1 has been reported to regulate innate immunity in response to viral infections. Here, we evaluated the role of ADAR1 in HPV infection in vitro and in vivo. Innate immune activation was characterized in human keratinocyte cell lines constitutively infected or not with HPV. ADAR1 knockdown induced an innate immune response through enhanced expression of RIG-I-like receptors (RLR) signaling cascade, over-production of type-I IFNs and pro-inflammatory cytokines. ADAR1 knockdown enhanced expression of HPV proteins, a process dependent on innate immune function as no A-to-I editing could be identified in HPV transcripts. A genetic association study was performed in a cohort of HPV/HIV infected individuals followed for a median of 6 years (range 0.1–24). We identified the low frequency haplotype AACCAT significantly associated with recurrent HPV dysplasia, suggesting a role of ADAR1 in the outcome of HPV infection in HIV+ individuals. In summary, our results suggest that ADAR1-mediated innate immune activation may influence HPV disease outcome, therefore indicating that modification of innate immune effectors regulated by ADAR1 could be a therapeutic strategy against HPV infection.

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Molecular Detection of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in Females and Assessment of Risk Factors for HPV Infection: A Study from Coastal Karnataka

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2018/35457.11642 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Varsha Saxena ◽

Vidya Pai ◽

K Rajagopal ◽

Abdulla Mehnaz

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Molecular Detection ◽

Hpv Infection

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine acceptance and perceived effectiveness, and HPV infection concern among young New Zealand university students

Sexual Health ◽

10.1071/sh10005 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 394 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Carol Chelimo ◽

Trecia A. Wouldes ◽

Linda D. Cameron

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Infection Risk ◽

Vaccine Acceptance ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Behavioural Characteristics

Two-hundred undergraduate students completed an anonymous questionnaire after viewing a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine television commercial. Eight-four percent of participants would accept a free HPV vaccine, whereas 47% were unconcerned about future personal HPV infection risk. Males were less likely to accept a free HPV vaccine and to be concerned about future personal HPV infection risk. Perceived HPV vaccine effectiveness was significantly greater among participants who had previously heard of the vaccine and who knew that HPV is sexually transmitted. More education on the role of sexual behavioural characteristics of both males and females in HPV transmission is necessary to promote awareness and concern of personal HPV infection risk and acceptance of HPV vaccination.

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Prevalence and risk factors of anogenital human papillomavirus infection in a community sample of men who have sex with men in Taiwan: baseline findings from a cohort study

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

10.1136/sextrans-2018-053629 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 96 (1) ◽

pp. 62-66

Author(s):

Carol Strong ◽

Huachun Zou ◽

Nai-Ying Ko ◽

Ya-Lun Liang ◽

Wen-Wei Ku ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Community Sample ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Sex Partners ◽

Anal Sex ◽

The Past ◽

Sex With Men

ObjectivesMen who have sex with men (MSM) are a highly neglected population in the current recommendation of girls-only human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programmes in many countries. To better assess the cost effectiveness of HPV vaccination among men requires data on the prevalence of HPV infection in MSM using a community sample, which is still sparse in several regions. We examined the prevalence of and factors associated with anogenital HPV infection among MSM in Taiwan.MethodsMSM 20 years of age and older were recruited from the community and social media in Taiwan in 2015–2016 and screened for HPV infection to detect 37 genotypes. MSM were seen at baseline and were/will be seen at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months. Men completed a questionnaire regarding their sexual experiences. Multivariable regression analyses were conducted to identify associated behavioural risk factors using the baseline data.ResultsA total of 253 MSM were recruited; 87 % were below 35 years of age. Diagnosis of HIV was reported in 4% of men; just over 20% had three or more anal sex partners in the past year. The prevalence of any tested HPV type was 29.4% at the anal site and 11% at the penile site. One quarter of MSM were infected with any of the 9-valent vaccine HPV types. Anal HPV detection was associated with having three or more receptive anal sex partners in the past year (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=2.92, 95% CI 1.29 to 6.61) and having older sex partners (aOR=2.51, 95% CI 1.07 to 5.90).ConclusionsOur data provide the base to calculate the reproductive rate for HPV transmission in a low-risk community sample and cost-effectiveness to include men in HPV vaccination policies. Adding evidence from a community sample adds comprehensiveness for future estimates of disease transmission and vaccine effectiveness.

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Understanding of risk factors for the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection based on gender and race

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-018-36638-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters ◽

Eric Adjei Boakye ◽

Rebecca L. Rohde ◽

Rajan N. Ganesh ◽

Ammar S. Moiyadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Gender And Race

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Genotypes distribution of human papillomavirus in cervical samples of Ecuadorian women

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia ◽

10.1590/1980-5497201600010014 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 160-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Gustavo David García Muentes ◽

Lindsay Karen García Rodríguez ◽

Ramiro Israel Burgos Galarraga ◽

Franklin Almeida Carpio ◽

Juan Carlos Ruiz Cabezas

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Gynecological Cancer ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Multiple Infections ◽

Hpv 16 ◽

Hpv Dna ◽

Hpv 18

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is considered a necessary causative agent for developing oropharyngeal, anal and cervical cancer. Among women in Ecuadorian population, cervical cancer ranks as the second most common gynecological cancer. Not many studies about HPV burden have been published in Ecuador, and genotypes distribution has not been established yet. The little data available suggest the presence of other genotypes different than 16 and 18. Objectives: In the present study, we attempt to estimate the prevalence of HPV 16, HPV 18 and other 35 genotypes among Ecuadorian women undergoing cervical cancer screening. The overall prevalence of HPV infection was also estimated. Methods: Routine cervical samples were analyzed using Linear Array(r) HPV Genotyping test (Roche). Results: A total of 1,581 cervical samples obtained from Ecuadorian women undergoing cervical cancer screening were included in this study. HPV DNA was detected in 689 cervical samples (43.58%). Of these samples, 604 (38.20%) were positive for a single HPV genotype, while another 85 (5.37%) samples were positive for multiple HPV types. Genotype 16 (5.50%) resulted in the most frequently detected type in both single and multiple infections. HPV 33 (4.55%) and HPV 11 (3.80%) occupied the second and the third place in frequency among all detected genotypes. Conclusions: Viral genotypes different from HPV 16 and HPV 18 are frequently detected among Ecuadorian women. The overall prevalence of HPV resulted higher than the one reported in other South American countries with a greater burden in the second and third decades of life.

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