scholarly journals Azithromycin Modulates Murine Immune Responses to Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine and Inhibits Nasal Clearance of Bacteria

2004 ◽  
Vol 190 (10) ◽  
pp. 1762-1766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aracelis D. Fernandez ◽  
Monica K. Elmore ◽  
Dennis W. Metzger
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Nasal Clearance

scholarly journals Assignment of Weight-Based Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG2 Units in Antipneumococcal Reference Serum Lot 89-S(F) for Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Serotypes 1, 4, 5, 7F, 9V, and 18C

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Sikkema ◽  
Nancy A. Ziembiec ◽  
Thomas R. Jones ◽  
Stephen W. Hildreth ◽  
Dace V. Madore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharides ◽  
Standardization Method ◽  
Igg2 Antibody ◽  
Reference Serum

ABSTRACT Weight-based assignments for immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG2 subclass antibodies to Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular polysaccharides (PnPs) in antipneumococcal standard reference serum lot 89-S (lot 89-S), also known as lot 89-SF, have been determined for serotypes 1, 4, 5, 7F, 9V, and 18C. This extends the usefulness of lot 89-S beyond the IgG1 and IgG2 subclass assignments for serotypes 3, 6B, 14, 19F, and 23F made previously (A. Soininen, H. Kayhty, I. Seppala, and T. Wuorimaa, Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 5:561-566, 1998) to cover 11 major serotypes associated with the highest percentage of pneumococcal disease worldwide. A method of equivalence of absorbances in enzyme immunosorbent assays was used to determine the IgG1 and IgG2 antibody concentrations for the additional serotypes in lot 89-S, based on the subclass values previously assigned for PnPs serotypes 6B, 14, and 23F. This cross-standardization method assures consistency with previous antibody assignments in that reference serum. The newly assigned subclass values for serotype 9V, and previously assigned values for serotype 14, were used to quantitate PnPs antibodies in sera from adult and pediatric subjects immunized with a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. There was a predominance of IgG1 anti-PnPs antibodies in pediatric sera and IgG2 anti-PnPs antibodies in the adult sera. The IgG1 and IgG2 subclass assignments for the 11 PnPs serotypes in antipneumococcal standard reference serum lot 89-S are useful for quantitating and characterizing immune responses to pneumococcal infection and vaccination regimens.

Long-term Immune Responses to Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in Children Previously Vaccinated With 7-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 990-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola P. Klein ◽  
Kathy Ensor ◽  
Sylvie Jouve ◽  
Robert Northington ◽  
Michele Moscariello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines

scholarly journals Assessment of Antibody Response Elicited by a 7-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Tarragó ◽  
Julio Casal ◽  
Jesús Ruiz-Contreras ◽  
J. Tomás Ramos ◽  
Pablo Rojo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Vaccine Immunogenicity ◽  
Functional Antibodies

ABSTRACT We investigated antibody responses against pneumococci of serotypes 6B, 14, and 23F in 56 children and adolescents with perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who were vaccinated with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Overall immune responses differed greatly between serotypes. Correlation coefficients between immunoglobulin G (IgG) measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and functional antibodies measured by a flow cytometry opsonophagocytosis assay (OPA) varied with serotype and time points studied. After 3 months of administering a second PCV7 dose we got the highest correlation (with significant r values of 0.754, 0.414, and 0.593 for serotypes 6B, 14, and 23F, respectively) but no significant increase in IgG concentration and OPA titers compared to the first dose. We defined a responder to a serotype included in the vaccine with two criteria: frequency of at least twofold OPA and ELISA increases for each serotype and frequency of conversion from negative to positive OPA levels. Responders varied from 43.9% to 46.3%, 28.5% to 50.0%, and 38.0% to 50.0% for serotypes 6B, 14, and 23F, respectively, depending on the response criterion. The present research highlights the importance of demonstrating vaccine immunogenicity with suitable immunological endpoints in immunocompromised patients and also the need to define how much antibody is required for protection from different serotypes, since immunogenicity differed significantly between serotypes.

scholarly journals Prediction of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Effectiveness against Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Using Opsonophagocytic Activity and Antibody Concentrations Determined by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay with 22F Adsorption

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 2161-2167 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Schuerman ◽  
J. Wysocki ◽  
J. C. Tejedor ◽  
M. Knuf ◽  
K.-H. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Primary Vaccination ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Post Dose

ABSTRACTWe compared the abilities of two serological readouts, antipolysaccharide IgG antibody concentrations and opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) titers, to predict the clinical effectiveness of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vCRM) against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). We also assessed the accuracy of the previously established thresholds for GlaxoSmithKline's enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with 22F adsorption (22F-ELISA) (≥0.2 μg/ml) and OPA assay (titer, ≥8) in predicting effectiveness. We showed that following a 3-dose 7vCRM primary vaccination, the serological response rates as determined using thresholds of ≥0.2 μg/ml IgG and an OPA titer of ≥8 corresponded well with overall effectiveness against IPD. In addition, the OPA assay seemed to better predict serotype-specific effectiveness than enzyme-linked immunoassay. Finally, when applied to post-dose-2 immune responses, both thresholds also corresponded well with the overall IPD effectiveness following a 2-dose 7vCRM primary vaccination. These results support the importance of the OPA assay in evaluating immune responses to pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.

scholarly journals Open-Label Trial of Immunogenicity and Safety of a 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Adults ≥50 Years of Age in Mexico

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Tinoco ◽  
Christine Juergens ◽  
Guillermo M. Ruiz Palacios ◽  
Jorge Vazquez-Narvaez ◽  
Hermann Leo Enkerlin-Pauwells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Study Population

ABSTRACTThis open-label multicenter clinical trial conducted in Mexico assessed the immunogenicity and safety of a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in adults ≥50 years of age not previously vaccinated with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). The PCV13 elicited a robust immune response in this study population, as reflected by the magnitude of fold rises in functional antibody levels measured by serotype-specific opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) assays before and 1 month after vaccination. Although the prevaccination OPA geometric mean titers (GMTs) for the majority of the serotypes were significantly lower in the 50- to 64-year age group than those in the ≥65-year age group, the postvaccination immune responses were generally similar. The overall immune responses were higher for the majority of the serotypes in the Mexican study population than those in similar adult study populations who received the PCV13 in Europe and the United States. PCV13 was well tolerated, and there were no vaccine-related serious adverse events. In conclusion, PCV13 is safe and immunogenic when administered to adults ≥50 years of age in Mexico and has the potential to protect against vaccine-type pneumococcal disease. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01432262.)

scholarly journals Lessons learned from recent randomized controlled trials comparing the immunogenicity of different infant vaccination schedules of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 631
Author(s):  
Rachel C. Pieciak ◽  
Christopher J. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Booster Dose ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
The Status

Background: The technically complex pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) is arguably one of the most important and widely studied vaccines since the Hib vaccine. Given the complexity of its design, the cost of administering the PCV is tremendous. While we cannot make adjustments to the vaccine itself post licensure, we can manipulate the dosing schedule. And yet little work has been done to understand the differences in immune responses across different dosing schedules. Methods: Accordingly, we conducted a review of three recently published randomized control trials that compared immune responses across commonly used vaccine schedules in both high- and low-income countries. Results: Each of these studies assessed how changes to the number of doses, spacing between doses and the use/timing of a booster dose affected ELISA geometric mean concentrations post-primary and post-booster dose. If the goal is to administer vaccinations in the most immunologically efficient manner as possible, evidence from these studies would suggest that several commonly used vaccine schedules are missing the mark. Conclusions: In order to deliver the most “bang for its buck”, PCV dosing schedules should not only leverage convenience but also immunological data. Without the reexamination of PCV schedules the status quo will remain inefficient, ineffective and needlessly expensive, threatening the sustainability of its implementation long-term.

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