Nasal Carriage ofStaphylococcus aureusAmong Patients Receiving Allergen-Injection Immunotherapy: Associated Factors and Quantitative Nasal Cultures

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 741-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Bassetti ◽  
Donnie P. Dunagan ◽  
Ralph B. D'Agostino ◽  
Robert J. Sherertz
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Desensitization Therapy ◽  
Second Year ◽  
And Gender

AbstractObjective:To compare the prevalence of nasalStaphylococcus aureuscarriage among outpatients receiving allergen-injection immunotherapy with the prevalence among healthy controls and to determine predictors of nasalS aureuscarriage.Design:Survey.Setting:Allergy clinic of a university hospital.Participants:A volunteer sample consisting of 45 outpatients undergoing desensitization therapy and 84 first- and second-year medical students.Results:The nasalS aureuscarriage rate was significantly higher among patients (46.7%) than among students (26.2%;P=.019). In a multivariate model adjusted for age and gender, the presence of atopic dermatitis or eczema was the only independent predictor of nasal Saureuscarriage (odds ratio [OR], 4.4; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 1.2-16.0;P=.02). The only other participant characteristic associated with nasalS aureuscarriage was immunotherapy with allergen injections (OR, 1.98; CI95, 0.7-6.0), but this association did not reach statistical significance (P=.23). The probability of nasalS aureuscarriage was 88.9% for patients receiving allergen injections and having atopic dermatitis or eczema, and 36.1% for patients receiving allergen injections without atopic dermatitis or eczema.Conclusions:Patients undergoing desensitization have a higher nasal carriage rate ofS aureus.However, factors other than the regular use of needles, and in particular abnormalities related to the atopic constitution of these patients, may predispose this population forS aureuscarriage.

scholarly journals Influence of Gender on Cardiac and Encephalic Inflammation in the Elderly with Cysticercosis: A Case Control Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Camila Lourencini Cavellani ◽  
Rosana Rosa Miranda Corrêa ◽  
Mara Lúcia Fonseca Ferraz ◽  
Laura Penna Rocha ◽  
Ana Carolina Guimarães Faleiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Infiltrate ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Elderly Group ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Evolutionary Stage ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Control Study

Background. The present study explores the influence of the host’s age and gender upon the inflammatory infiltrate. We aimed to quantify the inflammatory infiltrate caused by cysticercosis, which is related to aging, in the heart and in the encephalon.Methods. 75 autopsy protocols with cysticercosis diagnosis from department of pathology at a university hospital from 1970 to 2008 were reviewed. Two groups were formed: elderly with cysticercosis and nonelderly with cysticercosis. We used KS-300 (Kontron-Zeiss) software for morphometric analysis of the inflammation.Results.The elderly had an average of3.1±2.5cysticerci, whereas the non-elderly had2.7±3.8parasites. The non-elderly group with cysticercosis had significantly more inflammation, both cardiac and encephalic, than the elderly group. The elderly females with cysticercosis had more cardiac and encephalic inflammation.Conclusions. In this study, we showed that the non-elderly had significantly more cardiac and encephalic inflammation than the elderly, and that such inflammatory infiltrate decreases with age and depends upon the evolutionary stage of the cysticercus. Furthermore, there are differences concerning gender in the intensity of the inflammatory response due to cysticerci in the heart and brain parenchyma during senescence. Even during this period, women continue to have a more intense response to the parasitosis.

Reference interval by the indirect approach of serum thyrotropin (TSH) in a Mediterranean adult population and the association with age and gender

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 1587-1594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Lo Sasso ◽  
Matteo Vidali ◽  
Concetta Scazzone ◽  
Luisa Agnello ◽  
Marcello Ciaccio
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Indirect Method ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Effect Of Age

Abstract Background The serum concentration of thyrotropin (TSH) represents a first-line test in diagnostic algorithms. The estimation of TSH reference intervals (RIs) is still a matter of debate due to the high prevalence of subclinical disease making difficult the definition of truly healthy subjects. The aim of this study was to estimate TSH RIs in healthy subjects and to evaluate the effect of age and gender on TSH concentration. Methods Forty-four thousand one hundred and fifty-six TSH data were collected between July 2012 and April 2018 at the Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital, Palermo. Common and sex-specific RIs were estimated by Arzideh’s indirect method after exclusion of individuals younger than 15 years, subjects with repeated TSH tests and with abnormal free thyroxine (fT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3) or anti-thyroid-peroxidase antibodies. The combined effect of age and gender on TSH values was evaluated. Results RIs estimated in the selected individuals (n = 22602) were, respectively, 0.18–3.54 mIU/L (general), 0.19–3.23 mIU/L (men) and 0.18–3.94 mIU/L (women). Women showed significantly higher median TSH than men (1.46 vs. 1.39 mIU/L; p < 0.0001). Both in men and in women, median TSH decreased along with age; however, although up to 60 years in both men and women showed similar values, afterwards women showed constantly higher TSH than men. Accordingly, statistical analysis showed a significant interaction between gender and age (p = 0.001), suggesting that the effect of age on TSH is different between genders. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the indirect method, with appropriate cleaning of data, could be useful to define TSH RIs.

Relationships between age and gender differentials in health among older people in China

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1141-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
DEWEN WANG ◽  
JIANMIN ZHENG ◽  
MICHIKO KUROSAWA ◽  
YUTAKA INABA
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older People ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Gender Differentials ◽  
Natural Teeth ◽  
And Gender

ABSTRACTThe objective of this paper is to specify the relationships between age and gender differentials in health among older people in China. The data were drawn from the 2002 Chinese Longitudinal Health Longevity Study (CLHLS), which included 15,789 respondents aged 65 or more years. The health indicators included the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental ADL scores, cognitive ability (using the Mini Mental State Examination), visual function, hearing or auditory function, number of natural teeth, self-reported health, and self-reported quality of life. The statistical significance of the age relationships was examined using Mann-Whitney U tests and Spearman's rank correlation coefficients. The principal results were that above 65 years of age, gender differentials were observed in most of the health indicators at most ages, although self-rated quality of life was an exception. For most of the objective (observer-rated) health indicators, the gender differentials increased with greater age, but that for the number of natural teeth decreased with age. Gender differentials in the two subjective health measures had no significant relationship with age. It is concluded that older Chinese women have poorer health than men and are in many ways disadvantaged, and that the relative disadvantage increases with age. Chinese women tend to live longer and suffer ill-health more than men.

Nasal Carriage Rate and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of MethicillinResistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) among Health Care Workers in Tanta University Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol EJMM29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Marwa S. Taha ◽  
Eman A. Younis ◽  
Eman E. Hegazy
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Resistant Organism ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Vulnerable Patients ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
History Of

Background: MRSA is the most commonly known antimicrobial-resistant organism in hospitals worldwide. Objectives: This study aimed to detect the prevalence of MRSA carriage and its antibiogram among HCWs in Tanta University hospitals to improve infection control and preventive measures. Methodology: 223 nasal swabs from HCWs were inoculated onto Mannitol salt agar. Detection of MRSA was performed phenotypically using cefoxitin disc diffusion test on Muller–Hinton agar plates. Confirmation of MRSA was done by determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of oxacillin by using E Test Strips. Results: Amongst the HCWs, 88 doctors and 135 nurses were randomly selected. The overall frequency of S. aureus nasal carriage was 129/223. Of the 129 S. aureus isolates, (17%) were MRSA. Internal medicine had a high proportion of MRSA positive (36.4%). (63.6%) of the MRSA positive HCWs had a history of using antibiotics during the past 3 months. A high frequency (77.3%) of MRSA was detected among nurses. (50%) HCWs with 5:10 years of working experience were colonized with MRSA. Conclusion: Multi-drug resistant organisms such as MRSA are a major public health challenge. Colonized HCWs are asymptomatic carriers and can transmit MRSA to vulnerable patients. To control the transmission of MRSA in hospitals, multidisciplinary efforts are recommended to implement and improve infection control policies.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Clinical Profile in Latin American Migrants Living in Spain: Does the Geographical Origin Matter?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 5213
Author(s):  
Abiu Sempere ◽  
Fernando Salvador ◽  
Arnau Monforte ◽  
Júlia Sampol ◽  
Juan Espinosa-Pereiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Control Study

The aim of this study was to describe and compare the clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia according to their geographical origin. This is a retrospective case-control study of hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia treated at Vall d’Hebron University Hospital (Barcelona) during the first wave of the pandemic. Cases were defined as patients born in Latin America and controls were randomly selected among Spanish patients matched by age and gender. Demographic and clinical variables were collected, including comorbidities, symptoms, vital signs and analytical parameters, intensive care unit admission and outcome at 28 days after admission. Overall, 1080 hospitalized patients were registered: 774 (71.6%) from Spain, 142 (13.1%) from Latin America and the rest from other countries. Patients from Latin America were considered as cases and 558 Spanish patients were randomly selected as controls. Latin American patients had a higher proportion of anosmia, rhinorrhea and odynophagia, as well as higher mean levels of platelets and lower mean levels of ferritin than Spanish patients. No differences were found in oxygen requirement and mortality at 28 days after admission, but there was a higher proportion of ICU admissions (28.2% vs. 20.2%, p = 0.0310). An increased proportion of ICU admissions were found in patients from Latin America compared with native Spanish patients when adjusted by age and gender, with no significant differences in in-hospital mortality.

scholarly journals A Comparative Statistical Analysis on the Incidence of Developmental, Inflammatory and Neoplastic Odontogenic Cysts—A Single Center Retrospective Analysis from Italy

Oral ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Antonio Barresi ◽  
Giacomo Oteri ◽  
Angela Alibrandi ◽  
Matteo Peditto ◽  
Silvia Rapisarda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Odontogenic Cysts ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Patient Gender ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Comparative Statistical Analysis ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The University ◽  
Maxillary Region

The aim of this study was a comparative statistical analysis of three categories of maxillary odontogenic cysts, evaluating frequency in relation to localization (mandibular or maxillary region), age and gender of patients. The study was a retrospective cohort study conducted at the University Hospital of Messina. Three hundred and fifty-six maxillary odontogenic cysts were classified into 283 inflammatory, 43 developmental and 30 neoplastic cysts. Female patients are more affected by developmental odontogenic cysts, while male patients are more affected by inflammatory odontogenic cysts. Both the mandibular and maxillary regions were affected mainly by inflammatory odontogenic cysts; no significantly statistic relationship was found between lesions and age. A significant association between odontogenic cyst lesions and patient gender was found. No significant association between histological features of lesion and age of patient was observed, nor subtype of odontogenic disease and localization (mandibular or maxillary).

scholarly journals Architecture students and research courses: are they aligned? Students’ attitude towards research courses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. T. Jansen ◽  
H. J. F. M. Boumeester ◽  
R. M. Rooij
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Supportive Environment ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
And Gender

AbstractResearch courses are part of many higher education curricula. However, students’ attitudes towards statistics and research courses tend to be negative. One way to measure students’ attitude is with the Revised-Attitudes Towards Research scale (R-ATR). The current study examined: (1) the internal reliability of the R-ATR, (2) the attitude of Dutch second-year architecture students towards research courses, and (3) whether attitude is related to age and gender. It was found that the R-ATR has good internal reliability and that Dutch second-year architecture students’ attitude towards research courses is reasonably favorable. Students generally acknowledge the usefulness of research courses and do not feel anxious, but find them stressful and difficult to some extent and do not enjoy them. Further analyses showed three types of students: relaxed students, virtuous students and worried students, who each require a different approach to improving their attitude towards research courses. No relationship emerged between attitude and age or gender, but female students considered research courses somewhat more useful. Providing a research-friendly, enjoyable, and supportive environment might improve students’ attitude towards research courses.

scholarly journals Routine Histopathological Examination of Appendix. The Practice That Cannot Be Ignored.

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Maryam Adam Mohamed Ali ◽  
Sameer Ahmed A.H Ansari ◽  
Khalid Al Sindi
Keyword(s):  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Unexpected Finding ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Key Words Acute Appendicitis

Background: Acute appendicitis is a global disease that is usually caused by luminal obstruction with fecoliths. Aim: The aim of this study is to estimate the incidence of unusual findings in appendectomy specimens that can affect patient’s morbidity and mortality. Methods and Material: This is a retrospective study of 340 appendectomies that were preformed from January 2018 to December 2019 at King Hamad University Hospital (KHUH). Histopathological reports were reviewed and final diagnosis, age and gender were recorded. Results: Of the 340 appendectomy specimens, acute appendicitis was the most prevalent finding 62.64% (and showed significant correlation with both genders P value <0.001). Unusual findings were seen in (8.49%) cases and the commonest unexpected finding was fibrous obliteration (4.11%) followed by carcinoid (1.76%). Conclusions: this study revealed that although majority of appendicectomy cases fall in the spectrum of inflammatory cases with low incidence of unusual findings, it is atmost importance to perform the histopathological examination as it still change the course of treatment and affect the overall prognosis of the patients. Key words: Acute appendicitis, Acute abdomen, Appendix, Histopathology, Unusual findings.

scholarly journals Outcomes of Squint Surgery in Terms of Motor Alignment within 10 Prism Diopters in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Clinical Audit

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaukat Ali Chhipa ◽  
Sharmeen Akram ◽  
Asma Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Clinical Audit ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Squint Surgery ◽  
And Gender

Purpose:  To determine the outcome of squint surgery in terms of motor ocular alignment within 10 prism diopters, in a tertiary care hospital. Study Design:  A clinical audit at a tertiary care hospital. Place and Duration of Study:  The study was conducted in Ophthalmology department, of Aga khan university hospital, Karachi between December 2016 and June 2017. Methods:  Medical records of all patients who underwent squint surgery were retrieved and included in the study. Patients with amblyopia, corneal or retinal pathologies and those who lost to follow-up or with incomplete records were excluded. All the available demographic and clinical data including pre-operative visual acuity, squint measurements, procedure performed and post-operative ocular alignment up to maximum of 6 months of follow-up was compiled. Results:  One hundred and nineteen patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. There were 54.6% males and 45.4% were females. Squint was unilateral in 75.4% of patients and bilateral in 24.5%. Exotropia was present in 74 (62%) and Esotropia in 45 (38%) patients. The frequency of post-operative outcomes among the study participants were analyzed and it was reported that at six months follow-up central straight eye position or squint less than 10 prism diopters was seen among 75.5% of patients. The association of age and gender with primary outcome was obtained by applying independent sample T test. All the categories of age and gender showed statistically significant results i.e. p-value ? 0.05, except one week follow-up among different categories of gender showing insignificant results with p value = 0.740. Conclusion:  In present study 75.5% patients achieved the required result of ocular alignment within 10 prism diopters of orthotropia at the final follow-up visit. Key Words:  Squint, Esotropia, Exotropia, 10 prism Diopters.

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