scholarly journals COVID-19 Clinical Profile in Latin American Migrants Living in Spain: Does the Geographical Origin Matter?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 5213
Author(s):  
Abiu Sempere ◽  
Fernando Salvador ◽  
Arnau Monforte ◽  
Júlia Sampol ◽  
Juan Espinosa-Pereiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Control Study

The aim of this study was to describe and compare the clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia according to their geographical origin. This is a retrospective case-control study of hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia treated at Vall d’Hebron University Hospital (Barcelona) during the first wave of the pandemic. Cases were defined as patients born in Latin America and controls were randomly selected among Spanish patients matched by age and gender. Demographic and clinical variables were collected, including comorbidities, symptoms, vital signs and analytical parameters, intensive care unit admission and outcome at 28 days after admission. Overall, 1080 hospitalized patients were registered: 774 (71.6%) from Spain, 142 (13.1%) from Latin America and the rest from other countries. Patients from Latin America were considered as cases and 558 Spanish patients were randomly selected as controls. Latin American patients had a higher proportion of anosmia, rhinorrhea and odynophagia, as well as higher mean levels of platelets and lower mean levels of ferritin than Spanish patients. No differences were found in oxygen requirement and mortality at 28 days after admission, but there was a higher proportion of ICU admissions (28.2% vs. 20.2%, p = 0.0310). An increased proportion of ICU admissions were found in patients from Latin America compared with native Spanish patients when adjusted by age and gender, with no significant differences in in-hospital mortality.

scholarly journals Influence of Gender on Cardiac and Encephalic Inflammation in the Elderly with Cysticercosis: A Case Control Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Camila Lourencini Cavellani ◽  
Rosana Rosa Miranda Corrêa ◽  
Mara Lúcia Fonseca Ferraz ◽  
Laura Penna Rocha ◽  
Ana Carolina Guimarães Faleiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Infiltrate ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Elderly Group ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Evolutionary Stage ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Control Study

Background. The present study explores the influence of the host’s age and gender upon the inflammatory infiltrate. We aimed to quantify the inflammatory infiltrate caused by cysticercosis, which is related to aging, in the heart and in the encephalon.Methods. 75 autopsy protocols with cysticercosis diagnosis from department of pathology at a university hospital from 1970 to 2008 were reviewed. Two groups were formed: elderly with cysticercosis and nonelderly with cysticercosis. We used KS-300 (Kontron-Zeiss) software for morphometric analysis of the inflammation.Results.The elderly had an average of3.1±2.5cysticerci, whereas the non-elderly had2.7±3.8parasites. The non-elderly group with cysticercosis had significantly more inflammation, both cardiac and encephalic, than the elderly group. The elderly females with cysticercosis had more cardiac and encephalic inflammation.Conclusions. In this study, we showed that the non-elderly had significantly more cardiac and encephalic inflammation than the elderly, and that such inflammatory infiltrate decreases with age and depends upon the evolutionary stage of the cysticercus. Furthermore, there are differences concerning gender in the intensity of the inflammatory response due to cysticerci in the heart and brain parenchyma during senescence. Even during this period, women continue to have a more intense response to the parasitosis.

An Introduction to Gender and Representation in Latin America

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie A. Schwindt-Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Latin American Politics ◽  
Gender And Politics ◽  
Women's Representation ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
Women’S Representation ◽  
And Gender

In this introductory chapter of Gender and Representation in Latin America, Leslie A. Schwindt-Bayer argues that gender inequality in political representation in Latin America is rooted in institutions and the democratic challenges and political crises facing Latin American countries. She situates the book in two important literatures—one on Latin American politics and democratic institutions, the other on gender and politics—and then explains how the book will explore the ways that institutions and democratic challenges and political crises moderate women’s representation and gender inequality. She introduces the book’s framework of analyzing the causes and consequences of women’s representation, overviews the organization of the volume, and summarizes the main arguments of the chapters.

scholarly journals A systematic review and meta-analysis of geographic differences in comorbidities and associated severity and mortality among individuals with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhaskar Thakur ◽  
Pallavi Dubey ◽  
Joseph Benitez ◽  
Joshua P. Torres ◽  
Sireesha Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Comorbid Condition ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender

AbstractSeveral comorbidities have been shown to be associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related severity and mortality. However, considerable variation in the prevalence estimates of comorbidities and their effects on COVID-19 morbidity and mortality have been observed in prior studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine geographical, age, and gender related differences in the prevalence of comorbidities and associated severity and mortality rates among COVID-19 patients. We conducted a search using PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE to include all COVID-19 studies published between January 1st, 2020 to July 24th, 2020 reporting comorbidities with severity or mortality. We included studies reporting the confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 on human patients that also provided information on comorbidities or disease outcomes. We used DerSimonian and Laird random effects method for calculating estimates. Of 120 studies with 125,446 patients, the most prevalent comorbidity was hypertension (32%), obesity (25%), diabetes (18%), and cardiovascular disease (16%) while chronic kidney or other renal diseases (51%, 44%), cerebrovascular accident (43%, 44%), and cardiovascular disease (44%, 40%) patients had more COVID-19 severity and mortality respectively. Considerable variation in the prevalence of comorbidities and associated disease severity and mortality in different geographic regions was observed. The highest mortality was observed in studies with Latin American and European patients with any medical condition, mostly older adults (≥ 65 years), and predominantly male patients. Although the US studies observed the highest prevalence of comorbidities in COVID-19 patients, the severity of COVID-19 among each comorbid condition was highest in Asian studies whereas the mortality was highest in the European and Latin American countries. Risk stratification and effective control strategies for the COVID-19 should be done according to comorbidities, age, and gender differences specific to geographical location.

The effect of tonsillectomy on John Cunningham virus serological status in multiple sclerosis patients: A retrospective case–control study

2020 ◽  
pp. 135245852097182
Author(s):  
Mirla Avila ◽  
Annette Okai ◽  
Smathorn Thakolwiboon ◽  
Collin O’Bryan ◽  
Murali Mohan Reddy Gopireddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
John Cunningham Virus ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Control Study

Tonsils are believed to be the initial site of the John Cunningham virus (JCV) infection. The long-term effect of childhood tonsillectomy on JCV status in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients has not been investigated. In this retrospective case–control study, we analyzed data of 144 JCV seropositive cases and 82 JCV seronegative controls from three outpatient MS clinics in the United States. Early tonsillectomy (before the age of 8) was reported among 8 (5.56%) JCV seropositive subjects and 19 (23.17%) controls. Early tonsillectomy was associated with JCV negative status (adjusted odds ratio = 5.39, 95% confidence interval = 2.13–13.62, p < 0.001) independent of age and gender.

Reference interval by the indirect approach of serum thyrotropin (TSH) in a Mediterranean adult population and the association with age and gender

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 1587-1594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Lo Sasso ◽  
Matteo Vidali ◽  
Concetta Scazzone ◽  
Luisa Agnello ◽  
Marcello Ciaccio
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Indirect Method ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Effect Of Age

Abstract Background The serum concentration of thyrotropin (TSH) represents a first-line test in diagnostic algorithms. The estimation of TSH reference intervals (RIs) is still a matter of debate due to the high prevalence of subclinical disease making difficult the definition of truly healthy subjects. The aim of this study was to estimate TSH RIs in healthy subjects and to evaluate the effect of age and gender on TSH concentration. Methods Forty-four thousand one hundred and fifty-six TSH data were collected between July 2012 and April 2018 at the Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital, Palermo. Common and sex-specific RIs were estimated by Arzideh’s indirect method after exclusion of individuals younger than 15 years, subjects with repeated TSH tests and with abnormal free thyroxine (fT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3) or anti-thyroid-peroxidase antibodies. The combined effect of age and gender on TSH values was evaluated. Results RIs estimated in the selected individuals (n = 22602) were, respectively, 0.18–3.54 mIU/L (general), 0.19–3.23 mIU/L (men) and 0.18–3.94 mIU/L (women). Women showed significantly higher median TSH than men (1.46 vs. 1.39 mIU/L; p < 0.0001). Both in men and in women, median TSH decreased along with age; however, although up to 60 years in both men and women showed similar values, afterwards women showed constantly higher TSH than men. Accordingly, statistical analysis showed a significant interaction between gender and age (p = 0.001), suggesting that the effect of age on TSH is different between genders. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the indirect method, with appropriate cleaning of data, could be useful to define TSH RIs.

Nasal Carriage ofStaphylococcus aureusAmong Patients Receiving Allergen-Injection Immunotherapy: Associated Factors and Quantitative Nasal Cultures

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 741-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Bassetti ◽  
Donnie P. Dunagan ◽  
Ralph B. D'Agostino ◽  
Robert J. Sherertz
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Desensitization Therapy ◽  
Second Year ◽  
And Gender

AbstractObjective:To compare the prevalence of nasalStaphylococcus aureuscarriage among outpatients receiving allergen-injection immunotherapy with the prevalence among healthy controls and to determine predictors of nasalS aureuscarriage.Design:Survey.Setting:Allergy clinic of a university hospital.Participants:A volunteer sample consisting of 45 outpatients undergoing desensitization therapy and 84 first- and second-year medical students.Results:The nasalS aureuscarriage rate was significantly higher among patients (46.7%) than among students (26.2%;P=.019). In a multivariate model adjusted for age and gender, the presence of atopic dermatitis or eczema was the only independent predictor of nasal Saureuscarriage (odds ratio [OR], 4.4; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 1.2-16.0;P=.02). The only other participant characteristic associated with nasalS aureuscarriage was immunotherapy with allergen injections (OR, 1.98; CI95, 0.7-6.0), but this association did not reach statistical significance (P=.23). The probability of nasalS aureuscarriage was 88.9% for patients receiving allergen injections and having atopic dermatitis or eczema, and 36.1% for patients receiving allergen injections without atopic dermatitis or eczema.Conclusions:Patients undergoing desensitization have a higher nasal carriage rate ofS aureus.However, factors other than the regular use of needles, and in particular abnormalities related to the atopic constitution of these patients, may predispose this population forS aureuscarriage.

Embodying the Web, recoding gender: How feminists are shaping progressive politics in Latin America

First Monday ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Cruz Lobato ◽  
Cristiana Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Digital Activism ◽  
Women's Bodies ◽  
Progressive Politics ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Internet Politics ◽  
Digital Politics ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Many

This work takes the ambiguity of engaging politically in a Web interwoven with power and gender asymmetries as a starting point to emphasize the heterogeneities and multiplicities of digital politics. We engage with the idea that technology intervenes on women’s’ bodies to analyze how digital activism is deeply connected to corporeality (Daniels, 2009), looking at the Brazilian #EleNão campaign on Facebook to emphasize how the embodiment of feminist struggles in commercial platforms unveils deeply embodied misogynistic dispositions in social media, and to latin-american feminist infrastructures as challenging such dispositions. We argue that transgressing gender norms involves both engaging with social networks and creating alternative forms of coding women’s bodies, and that, beyond the dichotomy of enchantment/disenchantment with contemporary Internet politics, it might be useful to simply stay with the trouble, embrace and recognize the complexities of the many possible Web activisms experienced in Latin America.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document