Distributing defenses: How resource defendability shapes the optimal response to risk

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matina Carmel Donaldson-Matasci ◽  
Scott Powell ◽  
Anna Dornhaus
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Response

An Experimental Investigation of Auditors' Liability: Implications for Social Welfare and Exploration of Deviations from Theoretical Predictions

2000 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald R. King ◽  
Rachel Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Strict Liability ◽  
Liability Rule ◽  
Optimal Response ◽  
Legal Regimes ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Best Responses

This paper reports the results of an experiment designed to investigate how legal regimes affect social welfare. We investigate four legal regimes, each consisting of a liability rule (strict or negligence) and a damage measure (out-of-pocket or independent-of-investment). The results of the experiment are for the most part consistent with the qualitative predictions of Schwartz's (1997) model; however, subjects' actual choices deviate from the point predictions of the model. We explore whether these deviations arise because: (1) subjects form faulty anticipations of their counterparts' actions and/or (2) subjects do not choose the optimal responses given their anticipations. We find that subjects behave differently under the four regimes in terms of anticipation errors and departures from best responses. For example, subjects playing the role of auditors anticipate investments most accurately under the regime with strict liability combined with out-of-pocket damages, but are least likely to choose the optimal response given their anticipations. This finding implies that noneconomic factors likely play a role in determining subjects' choices.

scholarly journals The mathematics of multiple lockdowns

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Scala
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Epidemic Model ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Optimal Response ◽  
Support Strategy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Strategies

AbstractWhile vaccination is the optimal response to an epidemic, recent events have obliged us to explore new strategies for containing worldwide epidemics, like lockdown strategies, where the contacts among the population are strongly reduced in order to slow down the propagation of the infection. By analyzing a classical epidemic model, we explore the impact of lockdown strategies on the evolution of an epidemic. We show that repeated lockdowns have a beneficial effect, reducing the final size of the infection, and that they represent a possible support strategy to vaccination policies.

scholarly journals Pressure-volume loop evaluation of bifocal left stimulation compared with targeted LV lead placement for optimal response during CRT

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. P5092-P5092
Author(s):  
G. J. De Roest ◽  
L. Wu ◽  
P. P. H. M. Delnoy ◽  
A. C. Van Rossum ◽  
C. C. De Cock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Response ◽  
Lead Placement

scholarly journals The significance of enzyme and transporter polymorphisms for imatinib plasma levels and achieving an optimal response in chronic myeloid leukemia patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1416-1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Belohlavkova ◽  
Filip Vrbacky ◽  
Jaroslava Voglova ◽  
Zdenek Racil ◽  
Daniela Zackova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Optimal Response

scholarly journals Efficacy of nilotinib in a young patient with high Sokal risk CML Ph+ in treatment failure after high dose imatinib

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (5S) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Sabina Russo ◽  
Giuseppa Penna ◽  
Arianna D’Angelo ◽  
Alessandro Allegra ◽  
Andrea Alonci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Cytogenetic Response ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Optimal Response ◽  
Mutational Screening ◽  
Therapeutic Choice ◽  
Lower Limits ◽  
Recent Evaluation

This article describes the case of a 44 year old man, at high-risk according to the Sokal Index, after CML Ph+ diagnosis, started imatinib at the standard dose (400 mg/day). Initially he reached optimal response, but at month 12, because of a loss of cytogenetic response, he was documented as a treatment failure. The mutational screening revealed no mutations and the blood level testing (BLT) showed values of ​​lower limits, therefore he increased imatinib to 800 mg/day. This therapeutic choice did not result in the achievement of an optimal response and the imatinib compliance was deteriorated. So, after nearly 12 months of treatment with high dose imatinib, we considered the treatment as a failure, and he switched to nilotinib, at the dose of 800 mg/day. After only 3 months of treatment, he reached complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) and major molecular response (MMolR), which the patient continues to maintain, as documented by the recent evaluation at month 30.

scholarly journals Recovery of neural dynamics criticality in personalized whole brain models of stroke

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo P. Rocha ◽  
Loren Koçillari ◽  
Samir Suweis ◽  
Michele De Filippo De Grazia ◽  
Michel Thiebaut de Schotten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Dynamics ◽  
Dynamical Models ◽  
Functional Architecture ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Optimal Response ◽  
Single Subjects ◽  
Optimal Function ◽  
Brain Models ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTThe critical brain hypothesis states that biological neuronal networks, because of their structural and functional architecture, work near phase transitions for optimal response to internal and external inputs. Criticality thus provides optimal function and behavioral capabilities. We test this hypothesis by examining the influence of brain injury (strokes) on the criticality of neural dynamics estimated at the level of single subjects using whole-brain models. Lesions engendered a sub-critical state that recovered over time in parallel with behavior. Notably, this improvement of criticality depended on the re-modeling of specific white matter connections. In summary, personalized whole-brain dynamical models poised at criticality track neural dynamics, alteration post-stroke, and behavior at the level of single subjects.

scholarly journals Predictive factors of response to 3rd dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in kidney transplant recipients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Charmetant ◽  
Maxime Espi ◽  
Thomas Barba ◽  
Anne Ovize ◽  
Emmanuel Morelon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Kidney Transplant Recipients ◽  
Optimal Response ◽  
The Third ◽  
Response Increase

AbstractOnly a minority of kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) develop protective neutralizing titers of anti-receptor binding domain of spike protein (RBD) IgG after two doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Administration of a third dose of mRNA vaccine to KTRs with sub-optimal response increase anti-RBD IgG titers but with high inter-individual variability. Patients with the higher response rate to the third dose of vaccine can be identified by the presence of low anti-RBD IgG titers and spike-specific CD4+ T cells in their circulation 14 days after the second dose.

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