scholarly journals Recovery of neural dynamics criticality in personalized whole brain models of stroke

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo P. Rocha ◽  
Loren Koçillari ◽  
Samir Suweis ◽  
Michele De Filippo De Grazia ◽  
Michel Thiebaut de Schotten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Dynamics ◽  
Dynamical Models ◽  
Functional Architecture ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Optimal Response ◽  
Single Subjects ◽  
Optimal Function ◽  
Brain Models ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTThe critical brain hypothesis states that biological neuronal networks, because of their structural and functional architecture, work near phase transitions for optimal response to internal and external inputs. Criticality thus provides optimal function and behavioral capabilities. We test this hypothesis by examining the influence of brain injury (strokes) on the criticality of neural dynamics estimated at the level of single subjects using whole-brain models. Lesions engendered a sub-critical state that recovered over time in parallel with behavior. Notably, this improvement of criticality depended on the re-modeling of specific white matter connections. In summary, personalized whole-brain dynamical models poised at criticality track neural dynamics, alteration post-stroke, and behavior at the level of single subjects.

Raza, ciencia, sociedad

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wade
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Discourse ◽  
Human Biology ◽  
Science And Society ◽  
Race Science ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Over Time

<p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong>Resumen </strong></span>| En este trabajo quiero presentar una cronología convencional del concepto raza que marca un movimiento en el cual raza cambia de ser una idea basada en la cultura y el medio ambiente, a ser algo biológico, inflexible y determinante, para luego volver a ser una noción que habla de la cultura<span class="s2"><strong>.</strong></span>Resumo cómo la idea de raza ha cambiado a través del tiempo, mirando necesariamente el rol que ha desempeñado la ciencia, y enfocando los diferentes discursos de índole <em>natural-cultural </em>sobre los cuerpos, el medio ambiente y el comportamiento, en los cuales las dimensiones culturales y naturales siempre coexisten<span class="s2"><strong>.</strong></span>“La naturaleza” no puede ser entendida solamente como “la biología” y ni la naturaleza ni la biología necesariamente implican sólo el determinismo, la fijeza y la inmutabilidad Estar abiertos a la coexistencia de la cultura y la naturaleza y a la mutabilidad de la naturaleza nos permite ver mejor el ámbito de acción del pensamiento racial.</p><p class="p1"><strong><em>Race, Science and Society</em></strong></p><p class="p1"> </p><p class="p2"><span class="s1"><strong>Abstract </strong></span>| In this article I present and critique a standard chronology of race as, first, a concept rooted in culture and environment, and later in human biology and determinism, and finally back to culture alone<span class="s2"><strong><em>.</em></strong></span>I will outline changing understandings of race over time, with some attention to the role of science, broadly understood, and on the continuing but changing character of race as a natural-cultural discourse about organic bodies, environments and behavior, in which both cultural and natural dimensions always co-exist<span class="s2"><strong><em>.</em></strong></span>“Nature” is not to be understood simply as “biology,” and neither nature nor biology necessarily imply the fixity and determination that they are often assumed nowadays to involve<span class="s2"><strong><em>.</em></strong></span>Being open to the co-existence of culture and nature and the mutability of the latter allows us to better comprehend the whole range of action of racial thinking.</p>

scholarly journals Whole-Brain Neural Dynamics of Probabilistic Reward Prediction

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (14) ◽  
pp. 3789-3798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik R. Bach ◽  
Mkael Symmonds ◽  
Gareth Barnes ◽  
Raymond J. Dolan
Keyword(s):  
Neural Dynamics ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Reward Prediction

PENERAPAN TIPOLOGI PASAR, ARSITEKTUR DAN PERILAKU GENERASI Z PADA PERANCANGAN PASAR MASA DEPAN DI GONDANGDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 995
Author(s):  
Irwin Irwin ◽  
Doddy Yuono
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Design Strategy ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Future Market ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
Equal Space ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

The pandemic caused by the corona virus has changed the lifestyle of humans, both directly and indirectly, especially generation Z in Jakarta. The way humans meet their primary needs also changes over time. Many of generation Z decide to shop online to meet their individual needs. Generation Z defines balance as one of the things that is seen in living life, including meeting their needs and interacting with others. The Future Market in Gondangdia exists as a forum that provides space for buying and selling transactions to be more interactive, creative, flexible, and in accordance with health protocols. Through dis-programming, combining creative buying and selling programs and public space as one unit in a design is one of the methods used in designing architectural programs. The combination of the two programs creates an equal space with alternate uses depending on time. The emerging market typology method and its relation to Z generation architecture and behavior become a design strategy in designing. This provides an innovative and interactive buying and selling space according to the needs of generation Z. Keywords: Buy and sell spaces; Public spaces; Future markets; Generation Z; Buy and sell; Dis-programming AbstrakPandemi yang disebabkan oleh virus korona telah mengubah gaya hidup manusia, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung, khususnya generasi Z di Jakarta. Cara manusia dalam memenuhi kebutuhan primernya pun berubah seiring berjalannya waktu. Banyak dari generasi Z memutuskan untuk berbelanja online untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya masing-masing. Generasi Z mendefinisikan keseimbangan sebagai salah satu hal yang dilihat dalam menjalani kehiduoan termasuk dalam memenuhi kebutuhannya dan berinteraksi dengan sesamanya. Melalui dis-programming memadukan program jual beli kreatif dan ruang publik sebagai satu kesatuan di dalam sebuah desain merupakan salah satu metodw yang digunakan dalam perancangan program arsitektur. Perpaduan kedua program tersebut menciptakan sebuah ruang yang sama dengan penggunaanya bergantian tergantung oleh waktu. Metode tipologi pasar yang berkembang dan kaitannya dengan arsitektur dan perilaku generasi Z menjadi strategi desain dalam merancang. Hal ini memberikan ruang jual beli yang inovatif dan interaktif sesuai dengan kebutuhan generasi Z.

Incomplete grounding: the theory of symbolic separation is contradicted by pervasive stability in attitudes and behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Urminsky
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Multiple Domains ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The proposed theory is broad enough to accommodate the reduction or elimination of prior influences by a variety of acts symbolizing separation (including cleansing). However, it does not account for stability in psychological variables, and is contradicted by widely documented stability in people's actual attitudes and behavior over time, in multiple domains, despite people's pervasive everyday acts of symbolic separation.

scholarly journals Persistent Wrinkles and Folds of Clothes

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung-Cheol Kim ◽  
Seungwoo Oh ◽  
Kwangyun Wohn
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Energy Model ◽  
Stiffness Coefficients ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Linear Buckling ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Rest Posture ◽  
Over Time

We present a novel approach to woven-cloth simu-lation in order to generate persistent wrinkles and folds. For a couple of decades, our community has identified and mimicked non-linear buckling of cloth based on the mechanical measure-ment of cloth. It has, however, scarcely paid attention to another important aspect of the measurement, the hysteresis of cloth be-haviors, which is the lag of the amount of forces between stress and relaxation. Our interpretation of the measurement indicates that persistent wrinkles and folds develop in part from the hyste-resis of cloth and its associated energy loss. Thus, we establish an adaptive energy model which takes stiffness coefficients and rest posture values not as constants but as variables over time and behavior. As stiffness coefficients and rest posture values change in proportion to the amount of the energy loss, they appear as persistent wrinkles and folds. Consequently, the clothes simulated by our method bring more realism with respect to visual identi-fication for past behaviors of cloth.

scholarly journals A prospective study of the motivational and health dynamics of Internet Gaming Disorder

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew K Przybylski
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factor ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Need Satisfaction ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Health Dynamics ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Over Time

The American Psychiatric Association has identified Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) as a potential psychiatric condition and called for research to investigate its etiology, stability, and impacts on health and behavior. The present study recruited 5,777 American adults and applied self-determination theory to examine how motivational factors influence, and are influenced by, IGD and health across a six month period. Following a preregistered analysis plan, results confirmed our hypotheses that IGD criteria are moderately stable and that they and basic psychological need satisfaction have a reciprocal relationship over time. Results also showed need satisfaction promoted health and served as a protective factor against IGD. Contrary to what was hypothesized, results provided no evidence directly linking IGD to health over time. Exploratory analyses suggested that IGD may have indirect effects on health by way of its impact on basic needs. Implications are discussed in terms of existing gaming addiction and motivational frameworks.

Strategy Instruction in Planning: Effects on the Writing Performance and Behavior of Students with Learning Difficulties

1997 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan De La Paz ◽  
Steve Graham
Keyword(s):  
Learning Difficulties ◽  
Strategy Instruction ◽  
Writing Performance ◽  
Composing Process ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Over Time

Students with learning difficulties typically approach writing by retrieving from memory whatever seems appropriate and writing it down. This retrieve-and-write process minimizes the role of reflection and planning in the composing process. In the current study, we taught three students with learning difficulties a strategy designed to help them become more reflective when writing opinion essays. Following instruction in the strategy, students wrote essays that were longer, provided more support for their premise, and were qualitatively better. Two of the students also changed their approach to writing, developing an initial plan prior to writing that they continued to elaborate and refine as they wrote. Changes in both writing performance and behavior were maintained over time.

Towards an Efficient Validation of Dynamical Whole-brain Models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Wischnewski ◽  
Simon B. Eickhoff ◽  
Viktor K. Jirsa ◽  
Oleksandr V. Popovych
Keyword(s):  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bayesian Optimization ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Brain Dynamics ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Phase Oscillators ◽  
Dimensional Parameter ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Brain Models

Abstract Simulating the resting-state brain dynamics via mathematical whole-brain models requires an optimal selection of parameters, which determine the model’s capability to replicate empirical data. Since the parameter optimization via a grid search (GS) becomes unfeasible for high-dimensional models, we evaluate several alternative approaches to maximize the correspondence between simulated and empirical functional connectivity. A dense GS serves as a benchmark to assess the performance of four optimization schemes: Nelder-Mead Algorithm (NMA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMAES) and Bayesian Optimization (BO). To compare them, we employ an ensemble of coupled phase oscillators built upon individual empirical structural connectivity of 105 healthy subjects. We determine optimal model parameters from two- and three-dimensional parameter spaces and show that the overall fitting quality of the tested methods can compete with the GS. There are, however, marked differences in the required computational resources and stability properties, which we also investigate before proposing CMAES and BO as efficient alternatives to a high-dimensional GS. For the three-dimensional case, these methods generated similar results as the GS, but within less than 6% of the computation time. Our results contribute to an efficient validation of models for personalized simulations of brain dynamics.

Aquatic Stewardship Education in Theory and Practice

2007 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Marine Debris ◽  
Direct Link ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Sewage Discharges ◽  
Over Time

Abstract.—In 2003, more than 69 million people participated in recreational boating in the United States. The tenet that boating activity leads to higher aquatic stewardship ethics is often assumed since heightened environmental sensitivity has been correlated with significant positive contact with the outdoors. However, a direct link between boating and stewardship has not been substantiated. A review of current outreach efforts suggests that measures of boating-related stewardship could include preventing petroleum-based pollution, reducing marine debris, reducing sewage discharges, reducing air pollution, reducing habitat disturbance and physical destruction, and utilizing less harmful chemicals for boating activities. Measures of positive stewardship could also include boater’s involvement in, and support of, government programs and funding that promote these on-the-water behaviors. While these behaviors could be considered outward signs of good stewardship ethics, the motivation behind them would be more difficult to assess, thereby complicating the distinction between actual stewardship and behavior motivated by other forces. However, to the natural resources manager, motivation may not be as important as the resulting behavior, as long as the desired behaviors are sustained over time. A review of behaviors being promoted by the boating community (and applied examples), their utility as measures of aquatic stewardship, and the role of motivations are discussed.

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