The production of characteristic X-rays by proton bombardment, and the ratio of characteristic to continuous radiation

Freeze-dried pancreas sections from 7-, 17-and 27-week-old genetically diabetic (db/db) and normal (±/±) mice were subjected to proton bombardment and the concentrations of 15 elements in B cells and exocrine pancreas were calculated from the characteristic X-rays emitted. In the 7-week-old diabetic animals, B cells contained significantly above-normal levels of Na and S, while exocrine pancreas contained subnormal levels of Ca, and excess Mn. The B cells from the 17-week-old diabetic animals contained subnormal levels of Cu and the exocrine pancreas of the 27-week-old diabetic animals was deficient in Cd. The 7-, 17- and 27-week-old, genetically diabetic (db/db) mice were hyperglycemic, hyperinsulinemic and heavier than age-matched normal (±/±) mice. Although significant changes were found in elemental composition when comparing both B cells and exocrine pancreas at different ages, the changes were not consistent. Therefore, it appears as if the measured elemental changes were random and not related to the onset of diabetes.

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DETERMINING THE DOSE RATE DEPENDENCE OF DIFFERENT ACTIVE PERSONAL DOSEMETERS IN STANDARDIZED PULSED AND CONTINUOUS RADIATION FIELDS

Radiation Protection Dosimetry ◽

10.1093/rpd/ncz173 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 187 (3) ◽

pp. 345-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Oliver Hupe ◽

Sabrina Friedrich ◽

Filip Vanhavere ◽

Marcin Brodecki

Keyword(s):

Dose Rate ◽

Rate Dependence ◽

X Rays ◽

Test Procedures ◽

Radiation Fields ◽

Group 12 ◽

60Co Source ◽

Continuous Radiation ◽

Institute Of Technology ◽

First Time

Abstract In 2016, the EURADOS working group 12 started a project to gather reliable data concerning the behavior of active personal dosemeters (APDs) used by European hospitals in standardized pulsed and hospital fields. This paper concentrates on the tests that deal with the dose rate dependence of APDs in laboratory tests. The dependence on the dose rate was determined for 10 dosemeter types with continuous radiation of a 60Co source and pulsed radiation of the reference radiation facility of Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt. Furthermore, irradiations were done with continuous radiation of a 137Cs source of the Karlsruher Institute of Technology and with continuous X-rays of the two radiation qualites in radiation beams emerging from the X-ray source assembly, RQR5 and RQR8, of Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine. For the first time, APDs have been systematically investigated under laboratory conditions in a pulsed reference fields according to ISO/TS 18090-1 and the experience gained by these test procedures will be included in the new IEC/TS 63050.

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Studies of X Rays Induced by Charged Particles

Advances in X-ray Analysis ◽

10.1154/s0376030800011083 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 407-423 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jerome L. Duggan ◽

William L. Beck ◽

Larry Albrecht ◽

Lee Munz ◽

James D. Spaulding

Keyword(s):

Cross Sections ◽

Trace Element Analysis ◽

X Rays ◽

Proton Bombardment ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Iron Cobalt ◽

Cobalt Nickel ◽

Nickel Copper ◽

Theoretical Predictions ◽

Titanium Vanadium

Characteristic x rays have been produced for a variety of samples by bombardment with protons in the energy range from 75 keV to 5 MeV. The experiments were performed with two accelerators. For the low-energy studies (less than 150 keV), a Cockcroft-Walton accelerator was used. The higher-energy studies were done with a 5 MV Van de Graaff. The x rays were measured with high-resolution Si(Li) and Ge(Li) detectors. Yields for the cross section of characteristic K- and L-shell ionizations were measured for titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganeses iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, silver, gold, bismuth, and uranium. The experimental cross-sections have been compared to the theoretical predictions of the Born approximation for an interaction of this type.Trace element analysis by 4-MeV proton bombardment of samples in the 10-12 gm range has also been performed. Some comments with regard to analysis with these sensitivities will be made.

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Low Energy Mass Absorption Coefficients from Proton Induced X-ray Spectroscopy

Advances in X-ray Analysis ◽

10.1154/s037603080001209x ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. 481-486 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Lurio ◽

W. Reuter ◽

J. Keller

Keyword(s):

Energy Range ◽

Experimental Technique ◽

Low Energy ◽

X Rays ◽

Proton Bombardment ◽

Absorption Coefficients ◽

X Ray ◽

Mass Absorption

We describe a new and reliable experimental technique for the measurement of mass absorption coefficients in the 0.1 to 1 keV energy range. In this technique, the absorbing film is supported directly on a substrate which under proton bombardment will generate the x-rays whose absorption will be measured. Results are given for thirteen different metals at the C Kα (277 eV) line.

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The influence of the crystal lattice on the angular distribution of X-rays emitted from a GaP single crystal by fast proton bombardment

phys stat sol (a) ◽

10.1002/pssa.2210260141 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. K1-K3 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

V. Geist ◽

R. Flagmeyer

Keyword(s):

Angular Distribution ◽

Single Crystal ◽

Crystal Lattice ◽

X Rays ◽

Proton Bombardment ◽

Fast Proton

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PLATINUM GROUP ELEMENT HIGH-ENERGY PIXE

International Journal of PIXE ◽

10.1142/s0129083590000128 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 01 (02) ◽

pp. 147-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

NORMAN M. HALDEN ◽

FRANK C. HAWTHORNE ◽

J.J. GUY DUROCHER ◽

JASPER S.C. McKEE ◽

ALI MIRZAI

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Proton Beam ◽

Cross Section ◽

Platinum Group Element ◽

High Energy ◽

Group Element ◽

X Rays ◽

Proton Bombardment ◽

X Ray ◽

Platinum Group

K X-ray spectra have been obtained from Platinum-Group Element (PGE) minerals using 40 MeV Proton-Induced X-ray Emission. It is possible to resolve all four component X-ray lines for the PGEs. In cases where there is more than one PGE present, some K X-ray lines may overlap, but in all cases, there were single lines available for quantitative analysis. The spectrum obtained from the sperrylite during exposure to the proton beam beam contained Au X-rays. The presence of the Au can be attributed to (p,xn) reactions with Pt, induced by proton bombardment of the sample. The intensity of Au X-ray lines in the spectrum is proportional to the amount of Pt in the sample and the cross-section for (p,xn) reactions between Pt and Au at 40 MeV.

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CONTINUUM X-RAYS PRODUCED BY 60 keV- AND 80 keV- PROTON BOMBARDMENT

International Journal of PIXE ◽

10.1142/s0129083596000041 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 06 (01n02) ◽

pp. 31-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

T.C. Chu ◽

K. Ishii ◽

M. Kikuchi ◽

K. Murozono ◽

C.C. Hsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Present Theory ◽

Thick Target ◽

Spectral Shape ◽

Low Energy ◽

X Rays ◽

Proton Bombardment ◽

Proton Beams ◽

Main Component ◽

Aluminium Target

We measured continuum x-rays from an aluminium target bombarded with 60 keV- and 80 keV- proton beams. On the basis of the PWBA theory, we calculated the thick target yields of atomic bremsstrahlung and nuclear bremsstrahlung produced in very low energy ion-atom collisions and compared with the experiment. The present theory predicts that the main component of continuum x-rays produced in such low energy ion-atom collisions is the nuclear bremsstrahlung. The theory presents the yields of continuum x-rays about 5 times larger than the experimental ones, however, reproduces well the spectral shape.

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