Three dimensional holographic information storage with FA-Centers in alkali halides

My introduction to lattice theory was part of the Ph.D. problem which Professor Born proposed to me in 1932. I had come to Gottingen from South Africa in 1931, and had spent a year attending lectures before being accepted as a research student. The problem itself was to explain the double peaks found in the reflexion of infrared rays from alkali halides by one of Professor Pohl’s research students, following earlier work by Czerny and coworkers in Berlin. The calculation of the £ damping ’ of infrared rays involved combinations of lattice vibrations, and here lattice theory entered; the first calculation involved the linear chain, the three-dimensional case being dealt with in a very approximate fashion. The only texts on lattice theory were the review articles by Born and his coworkers in the Handbuch der Physik and the Atomtheorie des festen Zustandes . None of the other research students was concerned with lattice theory, but I was greatly helped by discussions with Edward Teller. The vibrational spectrum of solids was talked about in a general sort of way; I think J. H. C. Thompson, who had come from Oxford in 1932, was interested in the vibrational properties and spectrum of rock salt, but very little was done before Born’s group broke up in 1933.

Download Full-text

Two-Photon Three-Dimensional Optical Storage of a New Photobleaching Material

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.532-533.8 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 532-533 ◽

pp. 8-11

Author(s):

Jian Wen Cai

Keyword(s):

Data Storage ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Optical Storage ◽

Optical Data Storage ◽

High Density ◽

Information Storage ◽

Optical Data ◽

Optical Information ◽

Two Photon ◽

Optical Information Storage

Two-photon three-dimensional optical data storage is an important method to realize high density storage and ultra-high density storage. This paper introduces the the basic principle of two-photon photobleaching optical storage, describes two-photon three-dimensional optical storage system and the absorption and fluorescence spectra of a new type of photobleaching materials BASF in detail, carries out the experimental study that two-photon information is written and read out against a new photobleaching material of BASF using femtosecond pulse laser wavelength is 800nm, and realize two layers of optical information storage, the information point spacing is 8μm and the interlayer distance is 15μm; two-layer information point signal strength is recognized using Recognition algorithm. The experiment proved that new photobleaching material of BASF can be used for two-photon three-dimensional optical storage, that has laid a solid foundation for the high-density and ultra-high density optical information storage materials research.

Download Full-text

Optical Information Storage in Three-Dimensional Media Using the Lippmann Technique

Applied Optics ◽

10.1364/ao.7.001949 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. 1949 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. S. Hoffman

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Information Storage ◽

Optical Information ◽

Optical Information Storage

Download Full-text

Theory of Ionic Conduction in Solids Based on the Homogeneous Generation of Defect Pairs and Its Application to Anodic Oxidation

Canadian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1139/v71-067 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 416-424 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. J. Dignam ◽

D. F. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Anodic Oxidation ◽

High Field ◽

Ionic Conduction ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Alkali Halides ◽

Mean Free Path ◽

Homogeneous Field ◽

Frenkel Defect ◽

Valve Metals ◽

Field Strengths

The theory for ionic conduction in solids based upon the homogeneous, field-assisted generation of defect pairs is developed in a general, three dimensional form, and its range of applicability is examined. At high field strengths the equations reduce to those of the so-called high field Frenkel defect theory, proposed originally by Bean, Fisher, and Vermilyea. At low field strengths, the steady-state expression reduces to the well-known conduction equation derived originally by Mott for ionic conduction in the alkali halides. At intermediate field strengths, more complicated relationships obtain. The homogeneous generation of defect pairs, whether field or current assisted, is shown to be inapplicable as a mechanism for the high field anodic oxidation of the valve metals, since either type of theory predicts unacceptable behavior for the mean free path of the mobile defects. Any such conduction mechanism can be acceptable only for the case of thick films (» 104 Å).

Download Full-text

Изменение направления оси легкого намагничивания массивов сегментированных нанонитей Ni/Cu с увеличением длины сегмента Ni

Физика твердого тела ◽

10.21883/ftt.2021.07.51037.237 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 63 (7) ◽

pp. 881

Author(s):

А.А. Мистонов ◽

И.С. Дубицкий ◽

А.Х.А. Елмекави ◽

Е.Г. Яшина ◽

С.В. Сотничук ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Properties ◽

Easy Axis ◽

Storage Systems ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Magnetic Behavior ◽

Diameter Ratio ◽

Information Storage ◽

Promising Material ◽

Segment Length ◽

Competing Interactions

Arrays of ordered segmented nanowires are considered as a promising material for three-dimensional information storage systems. However, the presence of a large number of competing interactions significantly complicates the description of the magnetic behavior of such systems. In this work, the influence of the length of the nickel segment on the integral magnetic properties of the array is investigated. In particular, it is shown that the change in the direction of the easy axis of magnetization occurs when the segment length to diameter ratio is in the range from 10 to 20.

Download Full-text

Locus of the Axis of Vibration for a Vibrating System With Variable Location of a Mass Center

10.1115/imece2000-2018 ◽

2000 ◽

Author(s):

Byung Ju Dan ◽

Yong Je Choi

Keyword(s):

Vibration Analysis ◽

Dimensional Space ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Analytical Form ◽

Point Of View ◽

Information Storage ◽

Mode Shapes ◽

Storage Device ◽

Geometrical Approach ◽

Mass Center

Abstract A typical approach to a linear vibration analysis of an elastically supported single rigid body is to rearrange a dynamic model into a corresponding eigenvalue problem. From the geometrical point of view, the eigenvectors in the planar vibration analysis can be interpreted as pure rotations about the vibration center or pure translations. In a three dimensional space, they represent repetitive twisting motions about the axes of vibrations. By taking a geometrical approach to the vibration analysis, the vibration mode shapes may be better understood. In this paper, the influence of variable location of a mass center on the locations of the axes of vibrations and the natural frequencies are investigated by means of the locus of the axis of vibration expressed in analytical form, which represents the geometrical locus of the eigenvector. A numerical example is used to clearly illustrate the vibration phenomena of an optical pick-up used in an information storage device.

Download Full-text

Stochastic chromatin packing of 3D mitotic chromosomes revealed by coherent X-rays

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.2109921118 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 118 (46) ◽

pp. e2109921118

Author(s):

Daeho Sung ◽

Chan Lim ◽

Masatoshi Takagi ◽

Chulho Jung ◽

Heemin Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Information Transfer ◽

3D Structure ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Information Storage ◽

Atomic Scale ◽

Scaling Analysis ◽

X Rays ◽

Mitotic Chromosomes ◽

Metaphase Chromosomes ◽

Chromatin Packing

DNA molecules are atomic-scale information storage molecules that promote reliable information transfer via fault-free repetitions of replications and transcriptions. Remarkable accuracy of compacting a few-meters-long DNA into a micrometer-scale object, and the reverse, makes the chromosome one of the most intriguing structures from both physical and biological viewpoints. However, its three-dimensional (3D) structure remains elusive with challenges in observing native structures of specimens at tens-of-nanometers resolution. Here, using cryogenic coherent X-ray diffraction imaging, we succeeded in obtaining nanoscale 3D structures of metaphase chromosomes that exhibited a random distribution of electron density without characteristics of high-order folding structures. Scaling analysis of the chromosomes, compared with a model structure having the same density profile as the experimental results, has discovered the fractal nature of density distributions. Quantitative 3D density maps, corroborated by molecular dynamics simulations, reveal that internal structures of chromosomes conform to diffusion-limited aggregation behavior, which indicates that 3D chromatin packing occurs via stochastic processes.

Download Full-text

A Scanning-Probe Technique for Mapping the Hardness of Lead-Free Solders

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/opl.2014.262 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1652 ◽

Author(s):

Jennifer L. Hay ◽

Carlos Morillo ◽

Julie Silk

Keyword(s):

Solder Joint ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Local Stress ◽

Information Storage ◽

Scanning Probe ◽

Gold Plating ◽

Nano Indentation ◽

Scanned Images ◽

Lead Free Solders ◽

Force Displacement

ABSTRACTA rapid nano-indentation measurement technique is employed to produce surface maps of hardness. Each indentation cycle requires less than three seconds, including surface approach, contact detection, force application, withdrawal, and movement to the next indentation site. Traditional nano-indentation analyses are applied to the force-displacement measurements from each indentation, but information storage and presentation owe much to scanning-probe technology. Consequently, this nano-indentation technique produces three-dimensional images of mechanical properties which are stored and manipulated just like scanned images.In the present work, we use this technique to map the hardness of a SAC 305 solder joint with gold plating. After extended isothermal aging, the solder joint comprises three constituents: a tin-rich matrix, a bulk intermetallic AuSn4, and an interfacial intermetallic (Cu, Ni, Au)6Sn5. The softest material is the tin-rich matrix, which has a hardness of 0.51±0.07 GPa. The hardness of the bulk intermetallic is 2.12±0.18 GPa. The interfacial intermetallic has extraordinary hardness— greater than 8 GPa. Under uniform plastic strain, the mismatch in hardness between the interfacial intermetallic and surrounding material may increase the local stress intensity factor which drives interfacial fracture.

Download Full-text

The stereochemical code and the logic of a protein molecule

Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics ◽

10.1017/s0033583500000792 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 65-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 89

Author(s):

A. M. Liquori

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Structure ◽

Polypeptide Chain ◽

Water Solution ◽

Storage System ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Protein Molecule ◽

Information Storage ◽

Chemical Information ◽

Amino Acid Residues ◽

Surrounding Water

Like DNA and the various forms of RNA, a protein molecule is an information storage system. It contains in fact one or more polypeptide chains which may be regarded as linear sequences of twenty different types of monomer units. It is now clearly established that the chemical information corresponding to a given sequence of a polypeptide chain, containing n amino acid residues, is stored in a segment of one of the two strands of DNA containing 3n nucleotides. The transfer of such information from a gene to a polypeptide chain takes place according to the well-known process involving a transcription and a chemical translation step. This last step leads to a polymer which, in appropriate conditions, takes a three-dimensional conformation or tertiary structure which should correspond to a free-energy minimum of the molecule and its surrounding water solution.

Download Full-text