Average Energy Expenditure per Ion Pair for 0$middot$8 MeV Carbon and Nitrogen Recoils

1967 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget J Carter
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Average Energy Expenditure

Food and Fitness: A Dictionary of Diet and Exercise

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kent
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Labelling ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Genetic Disposition ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
Fitness Tracking ◽  
Average Energy Expenditure

Over 2,000 entriesThis accessible dictionary is packed full of authoritative information on foods and drinks, types of diet, sports and activities, exercises, physiology, training methods, and calorie requirements. The new edition includes over 200 new entries covering advances in the science of health and diet such as genetic disposition and nutrigenomics, high-profile diets such as the five–two and palaeo, fitness tracking and technologies, and developments in food labelling and the psychology of diet and fitness.With over seventy diagrams, many providing guidance on how to carry out certain exercises, and tables covering recommended dietary intakes, the composition of selected foods, and average energy expenditure for various activities and sports, this is an ideal quick reference for students of sports and nutrition, and for anyone interested in diet and fitness.

A theoretical analysis of recirculation in pulp refiners

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. KEREKES
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Constant Flow ◽  
Average Energy Expenditure

Expressions have been developed to describe the influence of recirculation on the energy distribution on pulp in refiners. It was shown that for constant pulp flow to downstream operations, the average energy expenditure on pulp does not change with recirculation, but the energy expended on components of the pulp flow varies widely. In the case of reduced fiber flow, the recirculation to maintain constant flow and the power to maintain constant average specific energy produces a change in both the energy distribution on pulp and refining intensity. The implications of these findings to pulp refining are discussed in this work.

scholarly journals Energy expenditure of flight crew of military transport aviation depending on function during typical training activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Bertrandt ◽  
Roman Lakomy ◽  
Pawel Kler ◽  
Jerzy Bertrandt
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Military Aircraft ◽  
Flight Crew ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Training Activities ◽  
Rate Frequency ◽  
Average Energy Expenditure

AbstractIntroductionThe knowledge of energy expenditure during typical activities is the basic information to estimate nutritional requirements. This is especially important with irregular lifestyle, such as service in transport aviation. Aircraft personnel fly in every part of a day. Flights often take place with changes in climate and time zones. Time of flights fluctuated from a several dozen to a dozen hours.AimThe aim of the work was to assess and compare the energy expenditure of military aircraft crews – “CASA C-295”, “ C-130 Hercules” and helicopter “W-3 Sokol” during typical air training activities.Material & MethodThe study was conducted in a group of 31 members of flight crews. The energy expenditure was based on the examination of heart rate frequency with the Polar RS800 heart rate monitor.ResultsThe study was conducted among crew members of various types of transports aircrafts. The average value of energy expenditure of the CASA pilots (n = 14) was 3,071 ± 0,84 kcal/min (training flight during the day, n = 10) and 5,64 ± 2,45 kcal/min (training flight during the night and in noctovision goggles, n = 4). In a group of flight technicians (n = 7) in aircraft Herules C-130 the average energy expenditure was 3,55 ± 1,83 kcal/min (passeneger reception and service). In a group of loadmasters (n = 6), in aircraft CASA and Hercules C-130 the average energy expenditure was 6,63 ± 1,55 kcal/min (baggage service, dropping paratroopers). The average energy expenditure in a group of paramedics (n = 4), which are members of helicopter W-3 Sokol crew was 8,51 ± 4,29 kcal/min (going down the rope, lifting wounded person from watercrafts).ConclusionThe presented data show the variation in energy expenditure between groups, as well as within groups. The energy expenditure was varied depending on the function on board and on the conditions in which the tasks were performer. Obtained values of energy expenditures during flights allow to classify the work performed in the categories of work from light to heavy (according to the Christensen's classification). Nutrition in the study group should be adapted to the nature of the work performed.

scholarly journals Assessment of еnergy expenditure and energy intake of the military institute of physical training cadets associated with their academic and professional activities

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-172
Author(s):  
V Ya Apchel ◽  
O O Borisova ◽  
V N Golubev ◽  
Yu N Korolev ◽  
K V Romanov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Food Ration ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Military Institute ◽  
The Military ◽  
Average Energy Expenditure

High energy expenditure of daily activity of cadets trained at the Military Institute of Physical Training sets certain demands for cadets’ diet and correspondence of energy and nutrition value of the diet to energy expenditure. Calculated data on energy expenditures of daily routine activities of the Military Institute of Physical Training cadets, energy costs of academic training and sport-related activities are presented. Along with energy expenditure another issue of balance, namely energy intake, is considered. Calculated findings on nutrition and caloric value of a cadets’ food ration and the Military Institute of Physical Training cadets’ diet and energy consumption of cadets are presented. It is shown that cadets’ diet corresponds to average energy expenditure. A comparison of the energy value of the daily ration of cadets and their energy expenditure revealed that the food ration compensates the average energy expenditure. The exceptions are intensive training in the framework of improving athletic skills (2 trainings per day), as well as periods when individual training takes place at the same time with high energy expenditures of a daily routine (for example, snow cleaning). In these cases daily energy expenditure (up to 5000 kcal) was recorded, exceeding the energy cost of food rations and requiring increased energy supply. In addition, the vitamin status of cadets was investigated. No signs of vitamins deficiency in the food ration were revealed. However, in the spring period, a decrease in the content of ascorbic acid in urine is shown in 80% of the subjects.

National primary standard of air kerma, air kerma rate, exposure, exposure rate and energy flux for X-rays and gamma radiation GET 8-2019

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Alexandr V. Oborin ◽  
Anna Y. Villevalde ◽  
Sergey G. Trofimchuk
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Energy Flux ◽  
Primary Standard ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Exposure Rate ◽  
Ionization Chambers ◽  
Air Kerma ◽  
Air Kerma Rate

The results of development of the national primary standard of air kerma, air kerma rate, exposure, exposure rate and energy flux for X-rays and gamma radiation GET 8-2011 in 2019 are presented according to the recommendations of the ICRU Report No. 90 “Key Data for Ionizing-Radiation Dosimetry: Measurement Standards and Applications”. The following changes are made to the equations for the units determination with the standard: in the field of X-rays, new correction coefficients of the free-air ionization chambers are introduced and the relative standard uncertainty of the average energy to create an ion pair in air is changed; in the field of gamma radiation, the product of the average energy to create an ion pair in air and the electron stopping-power graphite to air ratio for the cavity ionization chambers is changed. More accurate values of the units reproduced by GET 8-2019 are obtained and new metrological characteristics of the standard are stated.

scholarly journals Dietary Intake and Energy Expenditure Assessed during a Pre-Season Period in Elite Gaelic Football Players

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke O’Brien ◽  
Kieran Collins ◽  
Dominic Doran ◽  
Omid Khaiyat ◽  
Farzad Amirabdollahian
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Football Team ◽  
Time Of Year

There is currently a lack of research into the energy demands and associated nutritional intakes of elite Gaelic football players during the pre-season period, which is a crucial time of year for physical development. The aim of the current study was to investigate the dietary intake and energy expenditure (EE) of elite Gaelic football players during a typical pre-season week. Over a seven-day period, which included four training days and three rest days, dietary intake (validated self-reported estimated food diary) and EE (Sensewear Pro armband) were recorded in 18 male players from a single elite inter-county Gaelic football team. Average energy intake (EI) (3283 ± 483 kcal) was significantly (p = 0.002) less than average EE (3743 ± 335 kcal), with a mean daily energy deficit of −460 ± 503 kcal. Training days elicited the greatest deficits between intake and expenditure. The mean carbohydrate (CHO) intake was 3.6 ± 0.7 g/kg/day, protein intake was 2.1 ± 0.5 g/kg/day, and fat intake was 1.6 ± 0.2 g/kg/day. These findings indicate that the dietary practices of the sampled players were inadequate to meet EE and CHO recommendations. Training days are of particular concern, with the players not altering energy and CHO intake to encounter increased energy demands. Education on nutritional strategies for elite Gaelic footballers should be considered in relation to training demands to avoid detriments to performance and health.

Absolute Calibration of Photoelectric Diodes

1975 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 597-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Day ◽  
E. J. T. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Absolute Calibration ◽  
Tube System ◽  
X Ray

Photoelectric diodes with aluminum photocathod.es have been calibrated in the energy range from 0.1 keV to 1 keV with a multielement Henke X-ray tube system using regenerative monochromatic filters. The calibration is performed at six energies: (1) Be - (0.109 keV) , (2) C - Kα (0.277 keV), (3) Ti – Lα1, 2 (0.452 keV) , (4) Fe – Lα1, 2 (0.705 keV), (5) Cu – Lα1, 2 (0.930 keV), and (6) Al – Kαl, 2 (1.487 keV). Several different 99.9%, (1000 series) aluminum foils were calibrated for use as cathodes. In addition, the average energy per electron ion pair, W, has been measured for methane at these same energies.

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