scholarly journals Assessment of еnergy expenditure and energy intake of the military institute of physical training cadets associated with their academic and professional activities

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-172
Author(s):  
V Ya Apchel ◽  
O O Borisova ◽  
V N Golubev ◽  
Yu N Korolev ◽  
K V Romanov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Food Ration ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Military Institute ◽  
The Military ◽  
Average Energy Expenditure

High energy expenditure of daily activity of cadets trained at the Military Institute of Physical Training sets certain demands for cadets’ diet and correspondence of energy and nutrition value of the diet to energy expenditure. Calculated data on energy expenditures of daily routine activities of the Military Institute of Physical Training cadets, energy costs of academic training and sport-related activities are presented. Along with energy expenditure another issue of balance, namely energy intake, is considered. Calculated findings on nutrition and caloric value of a cadets’ food ration and the Military Institute of Physical Training cadets’ diet and energy consumption of cadets are presented. It is shown that cadets’ diet corresponds to average energy expenditure. A comparison of the energy value of the daily ration of cadets and their energy expenditure revealed that the food ration compensates the average energy expenditure. The exceptions are intensive training in the framework of improving athletic skills (2 trainings per day), as well as periods when individual training takes place at the same time with high energy expenditures of a daily routine (for example, snow cleaning). In these cases daily energy expenditure (up to 5000 kcal) was recorded, exceeding the energy cost of food rations and requiring increased energy supply. In addition, the vitamin status of cadets was investigated. No signs of vitamins deficiency in the food ration were revealed. However, in the spring period, a decrease in the content of ascorbic acid in urine is shown in 80% of the subjects.

scholarly journals Energy expenditure of flight crew of military transport aviation depending on function during typical training activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Bertrandt ◽  
Roman Lakomy ◽  
Pawel Kler ◽  
Jerzy Bertrandt
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Military Aircraft ◽  
Flight Crew ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Training Activities ◽  
Rate Frequency ◽  
Average Energy Expenditure

AbstractIntroductionThe knowledge of energy expenditure during typical activities is the basic information to estimate nutritional requirements. This is especially important with irregular lifestyle, such as service in transport aviation. Aircraft personnel fly in every part of a day. Flights often take place with changes in climate and time zones. Time of flights fluctuated from a several dozen to a dozen hours.AimThe aim of the work was to assess and compare the energy expenditure of military aircraft crews – “CASA C-295”, “ C-130 Hercules” and helicopter “W-3 Sokol” during typical air training activities.Material & MethodThe study was conducted in a group of 31 members of flight crews. The energy expenditure was based on the examination of heart rate frequency with the Polar RS800 heart rate monitor.ResultsThe study was conducted among crew members of various types of transports aircrafts. The average value of energy expenditure of the CASA pilots (n = 14) was 3,071 ± 0,84 kcal/min (training flight during the day, n = 10) and 5,64 ± 2,45 kcal/min (training flight during the night and in noctovision goggles, n = 4). In a group of flight technicians (n = 7) in aircraft Herules C-130 the average energy expenditure was 3,55 ± 1,83 kcal/min (passeneger reception and service). In a group of loadmasters (n = 6), in aircraft CASA and Hercules C-130 the average energy expenditure was 6,63 ± 1,55 kcal/min (baggage service, dropping paratroopers). The average energy expenditure in a group of paramedics (n = 4), which are members of helicopter W-3 Sokol crew was 8,51 ± 4,29 kcal/min (going down the rope, lifting wounded person from watercrafts).ConclusionThe presented data show the variation in energy expenditure between groups, as well as within groups. The energy expenditure was varied depending on the function on board and on the conditions in which the tasks were performer. Obtained values of energy expenditures during flights allow to classify the work performed in the categories of work from light to heavy (according to the Christensen's classification). Nutrition in the study group should be adapted to the nature of the work performed.

Food and Fitness: A Dictionary of Diet and Exercise

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kent
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Labelling ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Genetic Disposition ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
Fitness Tracking ◽  
Average Energy Expenditure

Over 2,000 entriesThis accessible dictionary is packed full of authoritative information on foods and drinks, types of diet, sports and activities, exercises, physiology, training methods, and calorie requirements. The new edition includes over 200 new entries covering advances in the science of health and diet such as genetic disposition and nutrigenomics, high-profile diets such as the five–two and palaeo, fitness tracking and technologies, and developments in food labelling and the psychology of diet and fitness.With over seventy diagrams, many providing guidance on how to carry out certain exercises, and tables covering recommended dietary intakes, the composition of selected foods, and average energy expenditure for various activities and sports, this is an ideal quick reference for students of sports and nutrition, and for anyone interested in diet and fitness.

A theoretical analysis of recirculation in pulp refiners

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. KEREKES
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Constant Flow ◽  
Average Energy Expenditure

Expressions have been developed to describe the influence of recirculation on the energy distribution on pulp in refiners. It was shown that for constant pulp flow to downstream operations, the average energy expenditure on pulp does not change with recirculation, but the energy expended on components of the pulp flow varies widely. In the case of reduced fiber flow, the recirculation to maintain constant flow and the power to maintain constant average specific energy produces a change in both the energy distribution on pulp and refining intensity. The implications of these findings to pulp refining are discussed in this work.

scholarly journals Nutrition Concepts for Elite Distance Runners Based on Macronutrient and Energy Expenditure

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 489-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Schröder ◽  
Alexandra Fischer ◽  
Christina Vock ◽  
Mike Böhme ◽  
Constance Schmelzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Type I ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Fast Twitch Muscle ◽  
Fast Twitch

Abstract Context: Elite distance runners (EDR) must optimize their nutrition to maintain their demanding training schedules. Objective: To develop a nutrition concept for EDR based on energy and macronutrient expenditures. Design: This theoretical study provides calculations for macronutrient and energy expenditures of EDR. Anthropometric and metabolic characteristics of EDR were assumed based on average real EDR. Setting: University of Kiel. Patients Or Other Participants: Three prototypic types of male EDR described in the literature as type I (TI; body mass  =  72 kg, respiratory quotient  =  0.9 at rest, fast-twitch muscle fibers  =  60% to 70%), type II (TII; body mass  =  67 kg, respiratory quotient  =  0.82 at rest, fast-twitch muscle fibers  =  50%), and type III (TIII; body mass  =  60 kg, respiratory quotient  =  0.75 at rest, fast-twitch muscle fibers  =  30% to 40%). Main Outcome Measure(s): We calculated the macronutrient and energy expenditures of the 3 types of EDR according to body mass, respiratory quotient, and percentage of fast-twitch muscle fibers. Results: We found that the average energy expenditure was 3750 kcal · d−1 for TI runners, 3463 kcal · d−1 for TII runners, and 3079 kcal · d−1 for TIII runners. The carbohydrate (CHO) expenditure reached an average value of 10.0 g · kg−1 · d−1 for TI runners, 8.0 g · kg−1 · d−1 for TII runners, and 4.7 g · kg−1 · d−1 for TIII runners. When the EDR accomplished running sessions at a pace ≥100% of maximum oxygen consumption, all types of runners had a CHO demand of about 10 g · kg−1 · d−1. The TI and TII runners need a CHO intake of 8 to 10 g · kg−1 · d−1. For the TIII runners, a CHO intake >6 g · kg−1 · d−1 is necessary during anaerobic training sessions. Conclusions: Nutrition concepts must be differentiated for EDR according to metabolic and anthropometric characteristics of the runners and their special training emphases.

Physical Training-Basic Component in the Training of the Future Officers

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-308
Author(s):  
Fabiana Martinescu-Bădălan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Training ◽  
Mental Effort ◽  
Basic Component ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Development Experience ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Military

AbstractThis work is designed to challenge the maintenance of the highest standards of physical training required to perform armed tasks. It is desired to accumulate a development experience that will culminate with the set upof very well-trained leaders. The training of the military is based on physical training. It ensures the possibility and availability of the military to cope with combat missions, obligations in the military environment, ensures the maintenance and development of resistance to intense physical and mental effort, and develops self-confidence and teamwork. The physical training considers the fulfillment of some general objectives and of some specific objectives, absolutely necessary in the conditions of carrying out the combat actions.

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