Measurement of surface roughness with core-ring ratio method using incoherent light

1990 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 1149-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Cheng ◽  
G G Siu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Incoherent Light ◽  
Ring Ratio

scholarly journals Silica-Kaolin Mix Effect on Evaporative Pattern Castings Surface Roughness

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.V. Omidiji ◽  
R.H. Khan ◽  
M.S. Abolarin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Gating System ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Pouring Temperature ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Refractory Coating ◽  
X Ray

Abstract The influence of the refractory coating which is a mixture of silica flour and kaolin on the surface roughness of the plate castings produced using evaporative patterns had been considered in this work. The kaolin was used as a binder and ratio method was employed to form basis for the factorial design of experiment which led to nine runs of experiments. Methyl alcohol at 99% concentration was used as the carrier for the transfer of the coating to the surface of the patterns. Pouring temperature was observed as a process parameter alongside the mix ratios of the coating. Attempts were made to characterize the refractory coating by using two methods; differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction. Attempt was also made to characterize the casting material. Gating system design was done for the plate casting to determine the correct proportions of the gating parameters in order to construct the gating system properly to avoid turbulence during pouring of liquid metal. A digital profilometer was used to take the measurements of the surface roughness. It was observed that the mix ratio 90% silica flour-10% kaolin produced the lowest value of the surface roughness of the plate castings and had the lowest material loss in the DTA test. The pouring temperature of 650°C produced best casting.

scholarly journals Optimization of process parameters for surface roughness and tool wear in milling TC17 alloy using Taguchi with grey relational analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 168781402199653
Author(s):  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Lei Li
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Process Guidance

To improve machining quality and processing efficiency, the Taguchi analysis method is employed to design the milling tests of titanium alloy TC17. According to results based on the signal-to-noise ratio method, the cutting depth plays a critical role in improving the surface roughness and tool wear. The grey correlation analysis is a multi-objective optimization method that can help to acquire process parameters combination of the optimal surface roughness and the optimal tool wear. Finally, the correctness of multi-objective optimization results is verified through comparison experiments. The research results can provide process guidance and data reference for the actual production processing.

scholarly journals Effect of Drilling Process Parameters on Surface Roughness of LM6/B4C Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3835-3838 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Spindle Speed ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Casting Technique

Metal matrix composites are a new course of materials with superior properties to those of the components. Such materials ' machining is distinct from that of traditional materials. So the optimization of machining process parameters becomes inevitable. By applying Taguchi's Signal-to-Noise ratio method, this paper examines the effects of drilling process parameter such as feed, spindle speed, drill material and percentage reinforcement on the drilled hole’s surface roughness. Variance analysis was used to evaluate each system parameter's contribution to surface roughness. The composites were manufactured by stir casting technique using aluminium alloy (LM6) as matrix material and boron carbide particulates at 3%, 6% and 9% by weight as material for the reinforcement. There are four factors investigated each at three levels, so 34 which implies 81 experiments has to be conducted, but by using Design of Experiments approach 27 experiments were conducted using L27 orthogonal array The minimum surface roughness measured for the hole was 1.08 µm at combination of 3000 rpm spindle speed, 50 mm/min feed rate, 3% reinforcement and Carbide drill.

Surface Roughness Optimization in Machining of Titanium Alloy (Ti-6Al-4V)

2014 ◽  
Vol 984-985 ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
J. Nithyanandam ◽  
Sushil Laldas ◽  
K. Palanikumar
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Nose Radius

Titanium is one of the important kinds of material used in different engineering fields. They have very good properties like high strength to weight ratio, superior corrosion resistance and thermal properties. They are very attractive materials and has application aerospace, biomedical and automotive field. they are classified to be “difficult-to-Machine materials” as they posses poor thermal properties, poor machinability, etc.The prime important is with the study of machining characteristics and the optimization of the cutting parameters. In this paper Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) is taken, the dry turning experiments are carried out in semi-automatic lathe using poly crystalline diamond (PCD) cutting tool insert. The taguchi’s design of L27orthogonal array is done by four machining factors namely cutting speed, feed, nose radius and depth of cut at three levels. The optimal machining conditions are arrived by Signal-Noise ratio method with respect to surface roughness (Ra). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the percentage of contribution of feed, cutting speed, nose radius and depth of cut for better surface roughness is validated using S/N ratio. In this result indicated that the feed is a vital parameter followed by cutting speed, the nose radius and then by depth of cut. The worn out surface of the insert is examined by using scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Optimization of Operating Parameters on Wear Behavior of Manganese Phosphate Coated Die Steel

2015 ◽  
Vol 812 ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
S. Ilaiyavel ◽  
R. Sheshathri ◽  
V.R. Alagu Sundram ◽  
A. Venkatesan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Chemical Conversion ◽  
Metallic Surface ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Manganese Phosphate ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Load Surface ◽  
Sliding Distance

The aim of Manganese Phosphate coating is to convert the metallic surface completely into a non metallic surface. A Phosphating is a chemical conversion treatment which produces a porous surface layer of crystalline phosphate. High carbon high chromium steels are commonly used in applications requiring excellent wear resistance in tool and die making industries. The wear characteristic of the coated steel was evaluated through pin on disc test as per ASTM G99 standards using a sliding velocity of 3.0m/s under constant loads. Taguchi’s design of L09orthogonal array is followed selecting three parameters namely load, surface roughness, sliding distance. Optimal conditions are arrived by Signal-Noise ratio method with respect to coefficient of friction. The results are validated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the percentage of contribution of load, surface roughness and sliding distance for better coefficient of friction are determined.

X-Ray Analysis of Frozen Hydrated Sections:The Unconventional Approach

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 754-757
Author(s):  
R. Beeuwkes ◽  
A. Saubermann ◽  
P. Echlin ◽  
S. Churchill
Keyword(s):  
Ratio Method ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Sample Handling ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Common Group ◽  
Ideal Method ◽  
Classic Paper ◽  
Physical Principles ◽  
The Ideal

Fifteen years ago, Hall described clearly the advantages of the thin section approach to biological x-ray microanalysis, and described clearly the ratio method for quantitive analysis in such preparations. In this now classic paper, he also made it clear that the ideal method of sample preparation would involve only freezing and sectioning at low temperature. Subsequently, Hall and his coworkers, as well as others, have applied themselves to the task of direct x-ray microanalysis of frozen sections. To achieve this goal, different methodological approachs have been developed as different groups sought solutions to a common group of technical problems. This report describes some of these problems and indicates the specific approaches and procedures developed by our group in order to overcome them. We acknowledge that the techniques evolved by our group are quite different from earlier approaches to cryomicrotomy and sample handling, hence the title of our paper. However, such departures from tradition have been based upon our attempt to apply basic physical principles to the processes involved. We feel we have demonstrated that such a break with tradition has valuable consequences.

Roughness measurements of nonlinear optical polymer films by scanning tunneling microscopy

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 22-23
Author(s):  
I. H. Musselman ◽  
R.-T. Chen ◽  
P. E. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Polymer Surface ◽  
Light Extinction ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Optical Polymer ◽  
Total Light

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has been used to characterize the surface roughness of nonlinear optical (NLO) polymers. A review of STM of polymer surfaces is included in this volume. The NLO polymers are instrumental in the development of electrooptical waveguide devices, the most fundamental of which is the modulator. The most common modulator design is the Mach Zehnder interferometer, in which the input light is split into two legs and then recombined into a common output within the two dimensional waveguide. A π phase retardation, resulting in total light extinction at the output of the interferometer, can be achieved by changing the refractive index of one leg with respect to the other using the electrooptic effect. For best device performance, it is essential that the NLO polymer exhibit minimal surface roughness in order to reduce light scattering. Scanning tunneling microscopy, with its high lateral and vertical resolution, is capable of quantifying the NLO polymer surface roughness induced by processing. Results are presented below in which STM was used to measure the surface roughness of films produced by spin-coating NLO-active polymers onto silicon substrates.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document