The effects of substrate morphology by regulating pseudopods formation on cell directional alignment and migration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zou ◽  
Kun Jin ◽  
Tongsheng Chen ◽  
Xinlei Li
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Membrane Curvature ◽  
Curvature Radius ◽  
Nano Structure ◽  
Initial Cell ◽  
Substrate Adhesion ◽  
Directional Alignment ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Minimum Resistance

Abstract When cells are cultured on the micro- or nano- structure substrate, filamentous pseudopods are formed at specific locations due to the effects of substrate morphology and local membrane curvature, which provides a powerful method to guide cell migration and neurite orientation. However, it is unclear the effects of substrate surface morphology and initial cell membrane on pseudopod formation and growth. Here, we present a quantitative thermodynamic model to investigate the difficulty of pseudopod formation. Based on the established model, we studied the effects of substrate morphology and the curvature of the initial cell membrane on filamentous pseudopods formation by analyzing the magnitude of an average driving force. We find that the pseudopod-substrate adhesion and the larger curvature radius of the initial cell membrane can facilitate filamentous pseudopods formation due to the smaller minimum resistance energy. Furthermore, our theoretical results seem to show a broad agreement with experimental observations, which implies that these studies would provide useful guidance to control the pseudopods formation on substrate for biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Myosin II Controls Cellular Branching Morphogenesis and Migration in 3D by Minimizing Plasma Membrane Curvature

2014 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 13a
Author(s):  
A.R. Fischer ◽  
Hunter Elliot ◽  
Clare Waterman ◽  
Gaudenz Danuser
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Myosin Ii ◽  
Branching Morphogenesis ◽  
Membrane Curvature ◽  
And Migration

scholarly journals Substrate adhesion of rat hepatocytes: a comparison of laminin and fibronectin as attachment proteins.

1981 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 260-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Johansson ◽  
L Kjellén ◽  
M Höök ◽  
R Timpl
Keyword(s):  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Cellular Receptors ◽  
Initial Cell ◽  
Substrate Adhesion ◽  
Basement Membrane Protein ◽  
Attachment Proteins

In previous studies rat hepatocytes have been shown to adhere to substrates composed of collagen or fibronectin. In the present communication, the basement membrane protein laminin is reported to mediated the attachment and spreading of hepatocytes. The cell attachment-mediating activity of laminin was compared with that of fibronectin. The activity of fibronectin was heat sensitive, whereas laminin retained its activity after boiling. On the other hand, reduction and alkylation or periodate oxidation of the proteins affected only the cell attachment activity of laminin. Preincubation of cells with soluble fibronectin inhibited initial cell attachment to fibronectin but not to laminin substrates, and, reversely, soluble laminin selectively inhibited cell attachment to laminin. These results suggest that attachment of cells to substrates of the two proteins involves different cellular receptors recognizing distinct and nonidentical structures in the proteins.

scholarly journals Role and Control of Cell Membrane Curvature in Receptor Transport

2013 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 613a
Author(s):  
Kathrin Spendier ◽  
Joshua B. Baptist ◽  
Zbigniew J. Celinski ◽  
Anatoliy V. Glushchenko
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Membrane Curvature ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Arenavirus budding resulting from viral-protein-associated cell membrane curvature

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (86) ◽  
pp. 20130403 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Schley ◽  
Robert J. Whittaker ◽  
Benjamin W. Neuman
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Viral Protein ◽  
Viral Proteins ◽  
Membrane Curvature ◽  
Vesicle Formation ◽  
Lipid Layer ◽  
Virus Budding ◽  
Plausible Mechanism ◽  
Membrane Stiffness

Viral replication occurs within cells, with release (and onward infection) primarily achieved through two alternative mechanisms: lysis, in which virions emerge as the infected cell dies and bursts open; or budding, in which virions emerge gradually from a still living cell by appropriating a small part of the cell membrane. Virus budding is a poorly understood process that challenges current models of vesicle formation. Here, a plausible mechanism for arenavirus budding is presented, building on recent evidence that viral proteins embed in the inner lipid layer of the cell membrane. Experimental results confirm that viral protein is associated with increased membrane curvature, whereas a mathematical model is used to show that localized increases in curvature alone are sufficient to generate viral buds. The magnitude of the protein-induced curvature is calculated from the size of the amphipathic region hypothetically removed from the inner membrane as a result of translation, with a change in membrane stiffness estimated from observed differences in virion deformation as a result of protein depletion. Numerical results are based on experimental data and estimates for three arenaviruses, but the mechanisms described are more broadly applicable. The hypothesized mechanism is shown to be sufficient to generate spontaneous budding that matches well both qualitatively and quantitatively with experimental observations.

scholarly journals Membrane curvature and the Tol-Pal complex determine polar localization of the chemoreceptor Tar inE. coli

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrens N. V. Saaki ◽  
Henrik Strahl ◽  
Leendert W. Hamoen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Membrane Curvature ◽  
Deletion Mutants ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Polar Localization ◽  
Curvature Driven

AbstractChemoreceptors are localized at the cell poles ofEscherichia coliand other rod-shaped bacteria. Over the years different mechanisms have been put forward to explain this polar localization; from stochastic clustering, membrane curvature driven localization, interactions with the Tol-Pal complex, to nucleoid exclusion. To evaluate these mechanisms, we monitored the cellular localization of the aspartate chemoreceptor Tar in different deletion mutants. We did not find any indication for either stochastic cluster formation or nucleoid exclusion. However, the presence of a functional Tol-Pal complex appeared to be essential to retain Tar at cell poles. This finding also implies that the curvature of cell poles does not attract chemoreceptor complexes. Interestingly, Tar still accumulated at midcell intoland inpaldeletion mutants. In these mutants, the protein appears to gather at the base of division septa, a region characterised by strong membrane curvature. Chemoreceptors, like Tar, form trimer-of-dimers that bend the cell membrane due to a rigid tripod structure with an estimated curvature of approximately 37 nm. This curvature approaches the curvature of the cell membrane generated during cell division, and localization of chemoreceptor tripods at curved membrane areas is therefore energetically favourable as it lowers membrane tension. Indeed, when we introduced mutations in Tar that abolish the rigid tripod structure, the protein was no longer able to accumulate at midcell or cell poles. These findings favour a model where chemoreceptor localization inE. coliis driven by strong membrane curvature and association with the Tol-Pal complex.ImportanceBacteria have exquisite mechanisms to sense and to adapt to the environment they live in. One such mechanism involves the chemotaxis signal transduction pathway, in which chemoreceptors specifically bind certain attracting or repelling molecules and transduce the signals to the cell. In different rod-shaped bacteria, these chemoreceptors localize specifically to cell poles. Here, we examined the polar localization of the aspartate chemoreceptor Tar inE. coli, and found that membrane curvature at cell division sites and interaction with the Tal-pol protein complex, localize Tar at cell division sites, the future cell poles. This study shows how membrane curvature can guide localization of proteins in a cell.

Mechanics of Curved Plasma Membrane Vesicles: Resting Shapes, Membrane Curvature, and In-Plane Shear Elasticity

2004 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Kosawada ◽  
Kohji Inoue ◽  
Geert W. Schmid-Schönbein
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Membrane Curvature ◽  
Membrane Tension ◽  
Coated Pits ◽  
Plane Shear ◽  
Plasmalemmal Vesicles ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Outer Domain ◽  
Shear Elasticity

Highly curved cell membrane structures, such as plasmalemmal vesicles (caveolae) and clathrin-coated pits, facilitate many cell functions, including the clustering of membrane receptors and transport of specific extracellular macromolecules by endothelial cells. These structures are subject to large mechanical deformations when the plasma membrane is stretched and subject to a change of its curvature. To enhance our understanding of plasmalemmal vesicles we need to improve the understanding of the mechanics in regions of high membrane curvatures. We examine here, theoretically, the shapes of plasmalemmal vesicles assuming that they consist of three membrane domains: an inner domain with high curvature, an outer domain with moderate curvature, and an outermost flat domain, all in the unstressed state. We assume the membrane properties are the same in these domains with membrane bending elasticity as well as in-plane shear elasticity. Special emphasis is placed on the effects of membrane curvature and in-plane shear elasticity on the mechanics of vesicle during unfolding by application of membrane tension. The vesicle shapes were computed by minimization of bending and in-plane shear strain energy. Mechanically stable vesicles were identified with characteristic membrane necks. Upon stretch of the membrane, the vesicle necks disappeared relatively abruptly leading to membrane shapes that consist of curved indentations. While the resting shape of vesicles is predominantly affected by the membrane spontaneous curvatures, the membrane shear elasticity (for a range of values recorded in the red cell membrane) makes a significant contribution as the vesicle is subject to stretch and unfolding. The membrane tension required to unfold the vesicle is sensitive with respect to its shape, especially as the vesicle becomes fully unfolded and approaches a relative flat shape.

scholarly journals Acheron, a Lupus antigen family member, regulates integrin expression, adhesion, and motility in differentiating myoblasts

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (1) ◽  
pp. C46-C55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honor L. Glenn ◽  
Zhaohui Wang ◽  
Lawrence M. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Deletion Mutant ◽  
Laminin Receptor ◽  
Integrin Expression ◽  
Fibronectin Receptor ◽  
Substrate Adhesion ◽  
Matrix Interactions ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Interactions

Acheron (Achn) was originally identified as novel gene that is induced when insect muscles become committed to die at the end of metamorphosis. In separate studies, we have demonstrated that Achn acts upstream of MyoD and is required by mammalian myoblasts to either differentiate or undergo apoptosis following loss of growth factors. In the present study we examined the role of Achn in regulating integrin-extracellular matrix interactions that are required for myogenesis. Both control C2C12 myoblasts and those engineered to express ectopic Achn expressed the fibronectin receptor integrin α5β1 in the presence of growth factors and the laminin receptor α7β1 following growth factor withdrawal. Expression of the laminin receptor was blocked in cells expressing either Achn antisense or an Achn deletion mutant that blocks differentiation. Control cells and those expressing ectopic Achn undergo sequential and transient increases in both substrate adhesion and migration before cell fusion. Blockade of Achn expression reduced these effects on laminin but not on fibronectin. Taken together, these data suggest that Achn may influence differentiation in part via its control of cell adhesion dynamics.

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