Measurement of a spring force constant using sound, door alarm, and soundcard oscilloscope

In this study, in order to improve steering stability during turning, we devised an inner and outer wheel driving force control system that is based on the steering angle and steering angular velocity, and verified its effectiveness via running tests. In the driving force control system based on steering angle, the inner wheel driving force is weakened in proportion to the steering angle during a turn, and the difference in driving force is applied to the inner and outer wheels by strengthening the outer wheel driving force. In the driving force control (based on steering angular velocity), the value obtained by multiplying the driving force constant and the steering angular velocity, that differentiates the driver steering input during turning output as the driving force of the inner and outer wheels. By controlling the driving force of the inner and outer wheels, it reduces the maximum steering angle by 40 deg and it became possible to improve the cornering marginal performance and improve the steering stability at the J-turn. In the pylon slalom it reduces the maximum steering angle by 45 deg and it became possible to improve the responsiveness of the vehicle. Control by steering angle is effective during steady turning, while control by steering angular velocity is effective during sharp turning. The inner and outer wheel driving force control are expected to further improve steering stability.

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Bonded Force Constant Derivation of Lysine-Arginine Cross-linked Advanced Glycation End-Products

10.26434/chemrxiv.5891602.v2 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Anthony Nash ◽

Nora H de Leeuw ◽

Helen L Birch

Keyword(s):

Molecular Dynamics ◽

Force Constant ◽

Computational Study ◽

Force Constants ◽

Quantum Mechanical ◽

Advanced Glycation ◽

Partial Charges ◽

Cross Links ◽

Complete Set ◽

Dynamics Simulations

<div> <div> <div> <p>The computational study of advanced glycation end-product cross- links remains largely unexplored given the limited availability of bonded force constants and equilibrium values for molecular dynamics force fields. In this article, we present the bonded force constants, atomic partial charges and equilibrium values of the arginine-lysine cross-links DOGDIC, GODIC and MODIC. The Hessian was derived from a series of <i>ab initio</i> quantum mechanical electronic structure calculations and from which a complete set of force constant and equilibrium values were generated using our publicly available software, ForceGen. Short <i>in vacuo</i> molecular dynamics simulations were performed to validate their implementation against quantum mechanical frequency calculations. </p> </div> </div> </div>

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RAMAN SPECTRA OF TITANIUM DI-, TRI-, AND TETRA-CHLORIDES

International Journal of Modern Physics B ◽

10.1142/s021797920100886x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 15 (28n30) ◽

pp. 3865-3868 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H. MIYAOKA ◽

T. KUZE ◽

H. SANO ◽

H. MORI ◽

G. MIZUTANI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Force Constant ◽

Raman Spectra ◽

Normal Mode ◽

Raman Band ◽

Normal Mode Analysis ◽

Force Constants ◽

Mode Analysis ◽

Oxidation Number

We have obtained the Raman spectra of TiCl n (n= 2, 3, and 4). Assignments of the observed Raman bands were made by a normal mode analysis. The force constants were determined from the observed Raman band frequencies. We have found that the Ti-Cl stretching force constant increases as the oxidation number of the Ti species increases.

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Force-constant model for the vibrational modes in black-phosphorene and phosphorene nanoribbons (PNRs)

Physica E Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures ◽

10.1016/j.physe.2021.114757 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 114757

Author(s):

Oussama Boutahir ◽

Souhail Lakhlifi ◽

Sidi Abdelmajid Ait Abdelkader ◽

Mourad Boutahir ◽

Abdelhai Rahmani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Force Constant ◽

Vibrational Modes ◽

Black Phosphorene

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A study of real-time simulation of liver of virtual surgical robot based on biologically position-based dynamic model

Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems ◽

10.3233/jifs-219024 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Dan Luo ◽

Yu Zhang ◽

Jia Li ◽

Jisheng Li

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Real Time ◽

Surgical Instruments ◽

Organic Polymer ◽

Tetrahedral Mesh ◽

Virtual Surgery ◽

Constraint Force ◽

Real Time Simulation ◽

Time Simulation ◽

Spring Force

Virtual surgery robot can accurately modeling of surgical instruments and human organs, and realistic simulation of various surgical phenomena such as deformation of organic tissues, surgery simulation system can provide operators with reusable virtual training and simulation environment. To meet the requirement of virtual surgery robot for the authenticity and real-time of soft tissue deformation and surgical simulation in liver surgery, a new method is proposed to simulate the deformation of soft tissue. This method combines the spring force, the external force of the system, and the constraint force produced by the constraint function of the position-based dynamics. Based on the position-based dynamics, an improved three-parameter mass-spring model is added. In the calculation of the elastic force, the nonlinearity and viscoelasticity of the soft tissue are introduced, and the joint force of the constraint projection process and the constraint force of the position-based dynamics is used to modify mass points movement. The method of position-based dynamics based on biological characteristics, not only considers the biomechanical properties of biological soft tissue as an organic polymer such as viscoelasticity, nonlinearity, and incompressibility but also retains the rapidity and stability of the position based dynamic method. Through the simulation data, the optimal side length of tetrahedral mesh in the improved three-parameter model is obtained, and the physical properties of the model are proved. The real-time simulation of the liver and other organs is completed by using the Geomagic touch force feedback device, which proves the practicability and effectiveness of this method.

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Influence of force constant on surface phonon polariton properties of cubic ZnS1−xSex crystals

10.1063/1.4915213 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

P. Yew ◽

S. C. Lee ◽

S. S. Ng ◽

T. L. Yoon ◽

H. Abu. Hassan

Keyword(s):

Force Constant ◽

Surface Phonon ◽

Surface Phonon Polariton

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Relations between Varshni and Morse potential energy parameters

Open Physics ◽

10.2478/s11534-008-0122-1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Teik-Cheng Lim ◽

Rajendra Udyavara

Keyword(s):

Potential Energy ◽

Force Constant ◽

Morse Potential ◽

Morse Function ◽

Energy Integral ◽

Equal Energy ◽

Molecular Force ◽

Parameter Conversion ◽

Bond Stretching ◽

Small Change

AbstractA set of relationships between the Morse and Varshni potential functions for describing covalent bondstretching energy has been developed by imposing equal force constant and equal energy integral. In view of the extensive adoption of Morse function in molecular force fields, this paper suggests two sets of parameter conversions from Varshni to Morse. The parameter conversion based on equal force constant is applicable for small change in bond length, while the parameter conversion based on equal energy integral is more applicable for significant bond-stretching. Plotted results reveal that the Varshni potential function is more suitable for describing hard bonds rather than soft bonds.

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