A Study of Mechanoelectrical Transduction Behavior in Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Gel as Smart Sensors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Neubauer ◽  
Zakai Olsen ◽  
Zachary Frank ◽  
Taeseon Hwang ◽  
Kwang Jin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Electroactive Polymers ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Sensitive Material ◽  
Polarity Inversion ◽  
Mechanoelectrical Transduction ◽  
Compressive Loads ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Robotic Applications ◽  
Creeping Motion

Abstract Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gels are soft electroactive polymers being researched for soft robotic applications. Sensing properties of these electroactive polymers have not been investigated in detail in regard to fundamental mechanoelectrical transduction behavior, but this smart material has been shown to exhibit a detectable response to external stimuli. This study shows PVC gels to be an extremely sensitive material when undergoing mechanoelectrical transduction and explores some response dependencies and proposes a theoretical framework for mechanoelectrical transduction within the gel. The work presented here also uncovers a very interesting phenomena under extremely low compressive loads during the initial contact with the gel. This phenomenon is attributed to a surface tension creeping motion onto the loading surface with an accompanying polarity inversion in the sensing signal relative to fully loaded gels in compression. Experimental work on hysteresis was also completed showing very little memory in steady state mechanoelectrical response to repeated stepped loading cycles. This study demonstrates the mechanoelectric ability of PVC gels to perform in sensing experiments and acts as a fundamental framework to further broaden the applications of PVC gel sensors.

scholarly journals Comparative study of robotic artificial actuators and biological muscle

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 168781402093340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liang ◽  
Hao Liu ◽  
Kunyang Wang ◽  
Zhihui Qian ◽  
Luquan Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Artificial Muscle ◽  
Artificial Muscles ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
High Level ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Robotic Applications

Biological muscles exhibit a high level of integration, in which actuators, sensors and transmission elements can be included in one component. Artificial muscles or actuators refer to intelligent stimuli-responsive materials that could reversibly deform with the trigger of various external stimuli. These materials, which have attracted tremendous attention, produce natural muscle-like actuation performance and show promising applications in robotics. After an introduction of various actuator technologies that contribute to robotic applications, a comparative analysis of the main actuation parameter is provided. The comprehensive comparisons of each kind of artificial muscle are summarised, and the promising properties that are required in robotics are presented, which highlight the development of their actuation performances and the challenges that limit their further employments. Future developmental prospects and perspectives of artificial actuators are discussed.

A Replica Technique for the Inside Surfaces of Small Diameter Pipes and Tubes

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 352-353
Author(s):  
T. G. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Replica Technique ◽  
Tube Size ◽  
Inside Diameter ◽  
Complete Inspection ◽  
Operating Limits

A nondestructive replica technique permitting complete inspection of bore surfaces having an inside diameter from 0.050 inch to 0.500 inch is described. Replicas are thermally formed on the outside surface of plastic tubing inflated in the bore of the sample being studied. This technique provides a new medium for inspection of bores that are too small or otherwise beyond the operating limits of conventional inspection methods.Bore replicas may be prepared by sliding a length of plastic tubing completely through the bore to be studied as shown in Figure 1. Polyvinyl chloride tubing suitable for this replica process is commercially available in sizes from 0.037- to 0.500-inch diameter. A tube size slightly smaller than the bore to be replicated should be used to facilitate insertion of the plastic replica blank into the bore.

Research Participation Experiences of Informants of Suicide and Control Cases

Crisis ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 238-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. C. Wong ◽  
Wincy S. C. Chan ◽  
Philip S. L. Beh ◽  
Fiona W. S. Yau ◽  
Paul S. F. Yip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Research Participation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
The People ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Background: Ethical issues have been raised about using the psychological autopsy approach in the study of suicide. The impact on informants of control cases who participated in case-control psychological autopsy studies has not been investigated. Aims: (1) To investigate whether informants of suicide cases recruited by two approaches (coroners’ court and public mortuaries) respond differently to the initial contact by the research team. (2) To explore the reactions, reasons for participation, and comments of both the informants of suicide and control cases to psychological autopsy interviews. (3) To investigate the impact of the interviews on informants of suicide cases about a month after the interviews. Methods: A self-report questionnaire was used for the informants of both suicide and control cases. Telephone follow-up interviews were conducted with the informants of suicide cases. Results: The majority of the informants of suicide cases, regardless of the initial route of contact, as well as the control cases were positive about being approached to take part in the study. A minority of informants of suicide and control cases found the experience of talking about their family member to be more upsetting than expected. The telephone follow-up interviews showed that none of the informants of suicide cases reported being distressed by the psychological autopsy interviews. Limitations: The acceptance rate for our original psychological autopsy study was modest. Conclusions: The findings of this study are useful for future participants and researchers in measuring the potential benefits and risks of participating in similar sensitive research. Psychological autopsy interviews may be utilized as an active engagement approach to reach out to the people bereaved by suicide, especially in places where the postvention work is underdeveloped.

Further Evidence that Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa Mediates Platelet Spreading on Subendothelium

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (02) ◽  
pp. 202-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey J Weiss ◽  
Vincet T Turitto ◽  
Hans R Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Adhesion ◽  
Surface Coverage ◽  
Rabbit Aorta ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Single Exposure ◽  
Vessel Segment ◽  
Multiple Exposures ◽  
Wall Interaction ◽  
Platelet Spreading

SummaryIn order to explore further the mechanism by which glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa promotes platelet vessel wall interaction, platelet adhesion to subendothelium was studied in an annular chamber in which subendothelium from rabbit aorta was exposed at a shear rate of 2,600 s−1 to blood from patients with thrombasthenia. Perfusions were conducted for each of 5 exposure times (1 ,2,3, 5 and 10 min), and the percent surface coverage of the vessel segment with platelets in the contact (C) and spread (S) stage was determined. Increased values of platelet contact (C) were obtained in thrombasthenia at all exposure times; this finding is consistent with a defect in platelet spreadirg, based on a previously described kinetic model of platelet attachment to subendothelium. According to this model of attachment, increased values of platelet contact (C) at a single exposure time may be indicative of either a defect in spreading (S) or initial contact (C), but multiple exposures will result in increased contact only for defects which are related to defectiye platelet spreading (s).The results obtained over a broad range of exposure times provide more conclusive evidence that GPIIb-IIIa mediates platelet spreading than those previously obtained at single exposure times.

Plasma Contact Activation and Decrease of Factor V Activity on Negatively-Charged Polyelectrolytes

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (01) ◽  
pp. 061-064 ◽  
Author(s):  
M C Boffa ◽  
B Dreyer ◽  
C Pusineri
Keyword(s):  
Time Dependent ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Factor Xii ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Contact Activation ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Complexes ◽  
Plasma Factor ◽  
Fresh Plasma ◽  
Direct Adsorption

SummaryThe effect of negatively-charged polymers, used in some artificial devices, on plasma clotting and kinin systems was studied in vitro using polyelectrolyte complexes.Contact activation was observed as an immediate, transient and surface-dependent phenomenon. After incubation of the plasma with the polymer a small decrease of factor XII activity was noticed, which corresponded to a greater reduction of prekallikrein activity and to a marked kinin release. No significant decrease of factor XII, prekallikrein, HMW kininogen could be detected immunologically. Only the initial contact of the plasma with the polyelectrolyte lead to activation, subsequently the surface became inert.Beside contact activation, factor V activity also decreased in the plasma. The decrease was surface and time-dependent. It was independent of contact factor activation, and appeared to be related to the sulfonated groups of the polymer. If purified factor V was used instead of plasma factor V, inactivation was immediate and not time-dependent suggesting a direct adsorption on the surface. A second incubation of the plasma-contacted polymer with fresh plasma resulted in a further loss of Factor V activity.

Initial Contact Angle of the Foot Segment and GRF Components by the Gender Differences

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 625-633
Author(s):  
Sangheon Park ◽  
Sukhoon Yoon ◽  
Sang-Kyoon Park ◽  
Jiseon Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Initial Contact Angle

Frontier concept of rabi chip for intelligent humanoid

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Preecha Yupapin ◽  
Amiri I. S. ◽  
Ali J. ◽  
Ponsuwancharoen N. ◽  
Youplao P.
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Rabi Oscillation ◽  
Liquid Core ◽  
Brain Surface ◽  
Dipole Oscillation ◽  
On Chip ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Robotic Applications ◽  
Atom System

The sequence of the human brain can be configured by the originated strongly coupling fields to a pair of the ionic substances(bio-cells) within the microtubules. From which the dipole oscillation begins and transports by the strong trapped force, which is known as a tweezer. The tweezers are the trapped polaritons, which are the electrical charges with information. They will be collected on the brain surface and transport via the liquid core guide wave, which is the mixture of blood content and water. The oscillation frequency is called the Rabi frequency, is formed by the two-level atom system. Our aim will manipulate the Rabi oscillation by an on-chip device, where the quantum outputs may help to form the realistic human brain function for humanoid robotic applications.

Catastrophe Theory in Explaining Price Dynamics on the Real Estate Market

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosław Belej
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Catastrophe Theory ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Sensitivity Threshold ◽  
State Variables ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
The Real Estate Market ◽  
External Stimuli

Abstract The real estate market is an open system, which implies that it is able to exchange signals with other open systems and dynamic systems. The evolution of a market system over time can be described mathematically. If the system's sensitivity threshold to external stimuli is exceeded, it becomes destabilized and moves from a near-balanced state to a state that is far from equilibrium. Those dynamic processes often induce key changes in the system's trajectory of evolution. In search of equilibrium, the system becomes transformed in a process of discontinuous and discrete changes in state variables. The above statement constitutes the research hypothesis in this article. In this study, an attempt was made to develop a mathematical model for visualizing the evolutionary path of the real estate market in the form of continuous changes interrupted by discontinuous changes. The qualitative transformation of the system will be evaluated with the use of the catastrophe theory.

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