scholarly journals A very high energy hadron collider on the Moon

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Beacham ◽  
Frank Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Proton Proton ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Energy Hadron

Abstract The long-term prospect of building a hadron collider around the circumference of a great circle of the Moon is sketched. A Circular Collider on the Moon (CCM) of ~11000 km in circumference could reach a proton-proton center-of-mass collision energy of 14 PeV --- a thousand times higher than the Large Hadron Collider at CERN --- optimistically assuming a dipole magnetic field of 20 T. Several aspects of such a project are presented, including siting, construction, availability of necessary materials on the Moon, and powering, as well as a discussion of future studies and further information needed to determine the more concrete feasibility of each. Machine parameters and vacuum requirements are explored, and an injection scheme is delineated. Other unknowns are set down. Due to the strong interest from multiple organizations in establishing a permanent Moon presence, a CCM could be the (next-to-) next-to-next-generation discovery machine and a natural successor to next-generation machines, such as the proposed Future Circular Collider at CERN or a Super Proton-Proton Collider in China, and other future machines, such as a Collider in the Sea, in the Gulf of Mexico. A CCM would serve as an important stepping stone towards a Planck-scale collider sited in our Solar System.

Modeling charged-particle multiplicity distributions at LHC

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (36) ◽  
pp. 2050302
Author(s):  
Amr Radi
Keyword(s):  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Particle Multiplicity ◽  
Charged Particle Multiplicity ◽  
Proton Proton ◽  
Center Of Mass Energy ◽  
8 Tev

With many applications in high-energy physics, Deep Learning or Deep Neural Network (DNN) has become noticeable and practical in recent years. In this article, a new technique is presented for modeling the charged particles multiplicity distribution [Formula: see text] of Proton-Proton [Formula: see text] collisions using an efficient DNN model. The charged particles multiplicity n, the total center of mass energy [Formula: see text], and the pseudorapidity [Formula: see text] used as input in DNN model and the desired output is [Formula: see text]. DNN was trained to build a function, which studies the relationship between [Formula: see text]. The DNN model showed a high degree of consistency in matching the data distributions. The DNN model is used to predict with [Formula: see text] not included in the training set. The expected [Formula: see text] had effectively merged the experimental data and the values expected indicate a strong agreement with Large Hadron Collider (LHC) for ATLAS measurement at [Formula: see text], 7 and 8 TeV.

scholarly journals Very high energy cosmic gamma rays

1965 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 253-258
Author(s):  
M. Libber ◽  
S. N. Milford ◽  
M. S. Spergel
Keyword(s):  
Pion Production ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mass System ◽  
Proton Proton ◽  
Production Spectrum ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Γ Rays ◽  
Γ Ray

Collisions of high energy cosmic rays with intergalactic gas produce various secondaries, including neutral pions that decay into high energy γ rays. The Landau-Milekhin hydrodynamical model for proton-proton collisions is used to calculate the pion production spectrum corresponding to cosmic γ rays of energy above 10 Gev. A source function for these high energy γ rays in space is found by combining the pion production and decay spectra with the primary cosmic ray proton flux. The resulting γ ray spectrum follows a different power law than spectra based upon the usual assumption of a line spectrum for the pions in the center of mass system of the colliding protons. The high energy γ ray intensity in space is calculated for a simple model universe. By comparison with previous estimates for the proton photoproduction process, it is found that proton-proton and proton-photon collisions appear to contribute about the same order of magnitude to the intergalactic γ ray intensity above ∼1016 eV.

Charged particle productions at 90° in the center of mass in very high energy proton-proton collisions

1972 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Banner ◽  
J.L. Hamel ◽  
J.P. Pansart ◽  
A.V. Stirling ◽  
J. Teiger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charged Particle ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Proton ◽  
Proton Proton ◽  
Proton Collisions ◽  
Energy Proton ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Proton Proton Collisions ◽  
Very High

Accelerator physics and technology challenges of very high energy hadron colliders

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (23) ◽  
pp. 1544001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir D. Shiltsev
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Accelerator Physics ◽  
Hadron Colliders ◽  
Proton Proton ◽  
Physics Community ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Energy Hadron ◽  
Energy Frontier ◽  
Very High

High energy hadron colliders have been in the forefront of particle physics for more than three decades. At present, international particle physics community considers several options for a 100 TeV proton–proton collider as a possible post-LHC energy frontier facility. The method of colliding beams has not fully exhausted its potential but has slowed down considerably in its progress. This paper briefly reviews the accelerator physics and technology challenges of the future very high energy colliders and outlines the areas of required research and development towards their technical and financial feasibility.

LHC's ATLAS AND CMS DETECTORS

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (25) ◽  
pp. 4081-4105
Author(s):  
MARIA SPIROPULU ◽  
STEINAR STAPNES
Keyword(s):  
Large Hadron Collider ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Proton ◽  
Proton Proton ◽  
Proton Collisions ◽  
Energy Proton ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Proton Proton Collisions ◽  
Very High

We describe the design of the ATLAS and CMS detectors as they are being prepared to commence data-taking at CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The very high energy proton–proton collisions are meant to dissect matter and space–time itself into its primary elements and generators. The detectors by synthesizing the information from the debris of the collisions are reconstituting the interactions that took place. LHC's ATLAS and CMS experiments (and not only these) are at the closest point of answering in the lab some of the most puzzling fundamental observations in nature today.

scholarly journals Study of charged-particle multiplicity fluctuations in pp collisions with Monte Carlo event generators at the LHC

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (09) ◽  
pp. 2050074
Author(s):  
E. Shokr ◽  
A. H. El-Farrash ◽  
A. De Roeck ◽  
M. A. Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Charged Particle ◽  
Particle Production ◽  
Local Density ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Monte Carlo Event ◽  
Particle Multiplicity ◽  
Charged Particle Multiplicity ◽  
Proton Proton

Proton–Proton ([Formula: see text]) collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are simulated in order to study events with a high local density of charged particles produced in narrow pseudorapidty windows of [Formula: see text] = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5. The [Formula: see text] collisions are generated at center of mass energies of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] TeV, i.e., the energies at which the LHC has operated so far, using PYTHIA and HERWIG event generators. We have also studied the average of the maximum charged-particle density versus the event multiplicity for all events, using the different pseudorapidity windows. This study prepares for the multi-particle production background expected in a future search for anomalous high-density multiplicity fluctuations using the LHC data.

scholarly journals TOP AND HIGGS PHYSICS AT THE HADRON COLLIDERS

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (26) ◽  
pp. 1330038 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHABNAM JABEEN
Keyword(s):  
Top Quark ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Charge Asymmetry ◽  
Mass Energy ◽  
Top Quark Mass ◽  
Proton Antiproton ◽  
Proton Proton ◽  
Center Of Mass Energy ◽  
Single Top

This review summarizes the recent results for top quark and Higgs boson measurements from experiments at Tevatron, a proton–antiproton collider at a center-of-mass energy of [Formula: see text], and the Large Hadron Collider, a proton–proton collider at a center-of-mass energy of [Formula: see text]. These results include the discovery of a Higgs-like boson and measurement of its various properties, and measurements in the top quark sector, e.g. top quark mass, spin, charge asymmetry and production of single top quark.

scholarly journals Collider searches for nonperturbative low-scale gravity states

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (34) ◽  
pp. 1530061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas M. Gingrich
Keyword(s):  
Large Hadron Collider ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Mass Energy ◽  
Personal View ◽  
Proton Proton ◽  
Center Of Mass Energy ◽  
8 Tev

The possibility of producing nonperturbative low-scale gravity states in collider experiments was first discussed in about 1998. The ATLAS and CMS experiments have searched for nonperturbative low-scale gravity states using the Large Hadron Collider with a proton–proton center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. These experiments have now seriously confronted the possibility of producing nonperturbative low-scale gravity states which were proposed over 17 years ago. I will summarize the results of the searches, give a personal view of what they mean, and make some predictions for 13 TeV center-of-mass energy. I will also discuss early ATLAS 13 TeV center-of-mass energy results.

scholarly journals Direct Photon Measurements with the ALICE Experiment at the LHC

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Erwann Masson ◽  
on behalf of the ALICE Collaboration
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Momentum ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Direct Photon ◽  
High Transverse Momentum ◽  
Alice Experiment ◽  
Direct Photons ◽  
Proton Proton ◽  
Small Systems ◽  
Energy Hadron

In high-energy hadron collisions, direct photons can be produced in various processes andare of particular interest to study the hot QCD medium since they escape it without being affected.These proceedings present the latest ALICE experiment results concerning direct photon productionin proton-proton (pp), proton-lead (p–Pb) and lead-lead (Pb–Pb) collisions. All measurements agreewith pQCD calculations at high transverse momentum (pT) and show no direct photon excess at lowpT in small systems while a low-pT signal is found in central Pb–Pb collisions.

scholarly journals The LUCID Detector for LHC Run-2

Universe ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Carla Sbarra ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Hadron Collider ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Detector Response ◽  
Mass Energy ◽  
Detector Performance ◽  
Center Of Mass Energy ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Early Signal

LUCID (LUminosity Cerenkov Integrating Detector) is the main luminosity monitor of the ATLAS (A Toroidal LHC Apparatus) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and in particular is the only one capable of providing bunch-by-bunch luminosity information, both online and offline, for all beam conditions and luminosity ranges. LUCID-2 refers to the detector upgrade designed to cope with the running conditions to be met in Run-2 (2015–2018): a center of mass energy of 13 TeV, with 50 pp interactions per bunch-crossing on average and a 25 ns bunch-spacing. This report summarizes all changes with respect to the detector deployed in Run-1 (2010–2012), including smaller sensors for higher granularity, new readout electronics for early signal digitization, and a completely new calibration concept guaranteeing long-term stability of the detector response. In addition, the overall detector performance in Run-2 and preliminary results on luminosity measurements are presented.

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