scholarly journals Toxicity of Silybum marianum and Nerium oleander extracts against Mosquito Larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus (Say)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1294 ◽  
pp. 062008
Author(s):  
Mohammed Jaber Al-Obaidi
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Silybum Marianum

scholarly journals Effects of ivermectin on Culex quinquefasciatus larvae

1996 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Miguel Costa de Freitas ◽  
Mágda de Abreu Faria ◽  
Stênio Nunes Alves ◽  
Alan Lane de Melo
Keyword(s):  
High Mortality ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Chloride Channel ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Channel Activation ◽  
Synthetic Drug

The effects of ivermectin, a semi-synthetic drug widely used for treatment of livestock parasitic diseases, were observed on Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. Toxic effects and mortality evaluation were carried out after 5, 15, 30 and 60 minutes of exposure to 1, 5 or 10 ppm of ivermectin solutions. Observations were made 24 and 48 hours after the beginning of the experiment, and loss of mobility, progressive paralysis and high mortality of larvae were recorded. The observed effects of ivermectin on the mosquito larvae is probably correlated with chloride channel activation on cell membranes.

Synergism between permethrin and propoxur against Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito larvae

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Corbel ◽  
F. Chandre ◽  
F. Darriet ◽  
F. Lardeux ◽  
J-M. Hougard
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Mosquito Larvae

scholarly journals Principales intoxications végétales chez les ruminants en zone méditerranéenne

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mohammedi ◽  
S. Mohammedi ◽  
G. Keck
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Pteridium Aquilinum ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Hyoscyamus Muticus ◽  
Quercus Coccifera ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
Bassin Méditerranéen ◽  
Malva Parviflora ◽  
Thapsia Garganica

Les intoxications végétales chez les ruminants sont assez fréquentes mais elles restent méconnues et d’importance difficile à quantifier du fait de la diversité des plantes toxiques qui en sont responsables. Les impacts des intoxications végétales dans le Bassin méditerranéen devraient être mieux évalués pour les distinguer de ceux causés par des infections. En effet, les vétérinaires établissent difficilement un diagnostic d’intoxication végétale et incriminent souvent les agents infectieux. Il est donc important de réunir un maximum d’informations objectives, ce qui est souvent assez délicat au regard des informations relativement approximatives dans les descriptions des cas. Certaines plantes responsables d’intoxication ont une répartition très large au sud et au nord de la Méditerranée, y compris en France. D’autres sont au contraire relativement spécifiques des milieux désertiques du Maghreb et sont retrouvées notamment en Algérie. Les animaux les plus fréquemment concernés sont les ovins (61,5  p.  100), les bovins (24,7  p.  100), les dromadaires (9  p.  100) et les caprins (4,6 p. 100). Les intoxications rencontrées chez les ruminants sont provoquées par Hyoscyamus muticus spp. falezlez (Coss.) Maire, Ferula communis L., Thapsia garganica, Hypericum crispum L., Tetraena cornuta (Coss.) Beier & Thulin, Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn, Quercus coccifera L., Nerium oleander L., Cistus monspeliensis L., Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., Sorghum drummondii (Stend.) Nees ex Millsp. & Chase, Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn, Malva parviflora L., Oxalis pes-caprae L., Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers., Calobota saharae, Diplotaxis harra (Forssk.) Boiss.

scholarly journals The effect of coexistence between larvae of Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus on larvicidal efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Yahya A. Derua ◽  
Eliningaya J. Kweka ◽  
William N. Kisinza ◽  
Guiyun Yan ◽  
Andrew K. Githeko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Breeding Habitats ◽  
Larval Bioassay

Background: The efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) is affected by several factors including the species of the mosquito. Mosquito larvae of different species are found to coexist in larval breeding habitats. This study evaluated whether the coexistence between Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus affect the larvicidal activity of Bti. Methods: Two parallel larval bioassay experiments were conducted to test A. gambiae sensu stricto (s.s) and C. quinquefasciatus larvae susceptibility to Bti. They were followed by three parallel bioassays in which A. gambiae s.s and C. quinquefasciatus larvae were mixed in different proportions such that the earlier species contributed three quarters, half and a quarter of the larvae in each testing cup respectively. In each bioassay, six Bti concentrations were tested in four replicates and repeated on three different days. Larvae mortality was scored 24 hours after application of Bti and subjected to Probit analysis. Results: C. quinquefasciatus was significantly more susceptible to Bti than A. gambiae s.s at both lethal concentration values (LC50 and LC95). In coexisting scenario, LC50 of Bti was significantly lower when the proportion of C. quinquefasciatus exceeded 50%. No significant variation in susceptibility to Bti was observed at LC95 in any proportion of coexistence between the two species. Conclusion: The findings show that larvae of C. quinquefasciatus were significantly more susceptible to Bti than those of A. gambiae s.s. Moreover, when larvae of the two species coexisted, there was a general trend of increase in sensitivity to Bti with higher proportion of C. quinquefasciatus. Although this increase in sensitivity of coexisting larvae to Bti is worth noting, our findings suggest that it will not impact larval control where A. gambiae s.s and C. quinquefasciatus coexist.

scholarly journals Larvicidal efficacy of the crude leaf extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) against the mosquito larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
Humayun Reza Khan ◽  
Nigar Sultana ◽  
Prova Sharmin
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Water Based

Eucalyptus camaldulensis was assayed to evaluate the larvicidal efficacy of its leaf extracts against the 3rd instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus at five dose concentrations (viz. 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0) in five solvents (viz. chloroform, ethanol, di-chloromethane, acetone and water) based extracts after 24 hrs exposure. Among all the extracts the shade dried chloroform based leaf extracts showed the highest larvicidal efficacy (viz. 42.67, 56.67, 68.0, 92.67 and 100%) at low dose concentrations of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.25, respectively while the sun dried water based leaf extracts showed the lowest larvicidal efficacy (viz. 21.33, 30.67, 48.67, 58.0 and 74.0%) at high dose concentrations of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0, respectively among the ten different experimental conditions. The relative potency of ten types of crude leaf extracts of E. camaldulensis against the mosquito larvae are shown as follows in decreasing order on the basis of LC50 value : Shade dried chloroform based leaf extract (0.356 mg/ml) > sun dried chloroform based leaf extract (0.400 mg/ml) > shade dried di-chloromethane based leaf extract (0.411 mg/ml) > sun dried dichloromethane based leaf extract (0.579 mg/ml) > shade dried ethanol based leaf extract (0.736 mg/ml) > sun dried ethanol based leaf extract (0.817 mg/ml) > shade dried acetone based leaf extract (1.000 mg/ml) > sun dried acetone based leaf extract (1.251 mg/ml) > shade dried water based leaf extract (1.807 mg/ml) > Sun dried water based leaf extract (2.020 mg/ml).The effectiveness of the shade dried leaf extracts was shown higher than the sun dried leaf extracts under comparable condition. No mortality was observed in control treatment. The study revealed that these leaf extracts have the potency to consider as an effective larvicidal agent. It is an alternative source for developing a novel larvicide for controlling the mosquito species. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 27(2): 135-144, 2018 (July)

scholarly journals Efektivitas Biolarvasida Ekstrak Fraksi Polar Daun Citrus hystrix dan Citrus aurantifolia terhadap Culex quinquefasciatus

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori ◽  
Hebert Adrianto ◽  
Hamidah Hamidah
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Polar Fraction ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Citrus Aurantifolia ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Abstract The development of resistance to chemical insecticides against mosquitoes has beenconsidered as a setback in vector control. This study was aimed to identify LethalConcentration 90% (LC90) of polar fraction extract from  Citrus hystrix and Citrusaurantifolia leaves as biolarvicide against mosquito larvae after 24 hours of exposure.This study was an experimental research based on a Completely Randomized Design(CRD). The polar fraction extract of C. hystrix and C. aurantifolia  were tested in concentrations of 0 ppm, 500 ppm, 1375 ppm, 2250 ppm, 3125 ppm, and 4000 ppm againstthe 3rd instar larvae of  Culex quinquefasciatus. Each treatment was done in five independent replications. The numbers of deceased mosquito larvae were determinedafter 24 hours of treatment and analyzed by probit. The results showed that the polarfraction extract of  C. hystrix and C. aurantifolia  have bio-larvicidal activity against the 3rdinstar larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus at LC90 of 1,653 ppm and 2,797 ppm, respectively. In conclusion, the polar fraction extract of C. hystrix leaf is more toxic than C. aurantifolialeaf's against  Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae. Abstrak Perkembangan resistensi terhadap insektisida kimia di antara spesies nyamuk telahdianggap sebagai kemunduran dalam pengendalian vektor. Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk mengetahui Lethal Concentration 90% (LC90 ) ekstrak fraksi polar daun  C. hystrix dan C. aurantifolia sebagai biolarvasida terhadap larva nyamuk setelah paparan 24 jam. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL).Ekstrak fraksi polar daun C. hystrix dan C. aurantifolia  diuji dengan konsentrasi 0 ppm,500 ppm, 1.375 ppm, 2.250 ppm, 3.125 ppm, dan 4.000 ppm terhadap larva nyamuk Cx.quinquefasciatus instar III. Setiap konsentrasi dilakukan replikasi sebanyak lima kali.Jumlah larva nyamuk yang mati dihitung setelah 24 jam. Setelah itu, data dari larvanyamuk yang mati dianalisis menggunakan probit. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkanbahwa ekstrak fraksi polar daun C. hystrix dan C. aurantifolia memiliki aktivitas sebagai biolarvasida terhadap larva nyamuk Cx. quinquefasciatus instar III dengan LC 90= 1.653  ppm dan 2.797 ppm, secara berurutan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ekstrakfraksi polar dari daun C. hystrix lebih toksik dibandingkan dengan  C. aurantifoliaterhadap larva nyamuk instar III.  

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF A NEW TRUCK-MOUNTED ULV SPRAYING MACHINE WITH BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS VAR. ISRAELENSIS AGAINST LARVAL CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Lei Luo
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Droplet Sizes ◽  
Line P ◽  
Lc50 And Lc90

A field study about the effectiveness of a new truck-mounted ultra-low-volume (ULV) machine against larval Culex quinquefasciatus Say was conducted at Anastasia Mosquito Control District of St. Johns County, St. Augustine, FL, during the summer of 2017. Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae were treated using a ground application at different concentrations of Bti using a new truck-mounted ULV sprayer with a horizontal nozzle. Mortality of larvae was recorded after 24 h, and droplet sizes were measured. Overall, Bti sprayed by the new truck-mounted ULV spraying machine at a concentration of 2.625 mg/L resulted in the highest mortality of mosquito larvae. The results indicate that the Bti concentrations of 0.875 mg/L and 0.065 mg/L resulted in a significant difference in mean larval mortality between each distance from the spray line (P < 0.05), while the mortality by the other 3 concentrations (0.477 mg/L, 2.625 mg/L, and 5.25 mg/L) tested did not. The LC50 and LC90 of Bti against larvae were 0.261 mg/L (0.239~0.286) and 1.687 mg/L (1.481~1.922), respectively. The coverage (swath) of the spray by the new ULV machine showed that the Bti could be sprayed at least 33 meters away with a 20 meter width. Therefore, the new truck-mounted ULV spraying machine with liquid Bti could be used to treat a large area effectively and efficiently and as an additional tool for the control of mosquito larvae.

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