Additive Manufacturing and Mechanical Properties of Functionally Graded Medical Ti–35Nb–7Zr–5Ta Porous Scaffolds

Functionally graded materials (FGM) possess superior properties of multiple materials due to the continuous transitions of these materials. Recent progresses in multi-material additive manufacturing (AM) processes enable the creation of arbitrary material composition, which significantly enlarges the manufacturing capability of FGMs. At the same time, the fabrication capability also introduces new challenges for the design of FGMs. A critical issue is to create the continuous material distribution under the fabrication constraints of multi-material AM processes. Using voxels to approximate gradient material distribution could be one plausible way for additive manufacturing. However, current FGM design methods are non-additive-manufacturing-oriented and unpredictable. For instance, some designs require a vast number of materials to achieve continuous transitions; however, the material choices that are available in a multi-material AM machine are rather limited. Other designs control the volume fraction of two materials to achieve gradual transition; however, such transition cannot be functionally guaranteed. To address these issues, we present a design and fabrication framework for FGMs that can efficiently and effectively generate printable and predictable FGM structures. We adopt a data-driven approach to approximate the behavior of FGM using two base materials. A digital material library is constructed with different combinations of the base materials, and their mechanical properties are extracted by Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The mechanical properties are then used for the conversion process between the FGM and the dual material structure such that similar behavior is guaranteed. An error diffusion algorithm is further developed to minimize the approximation error. Simulation results on four test cases show that our approach is robust and accurate, and the framework can successfully design and fabricate such FGM structures.

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On the use of instrumented indentation to characterize the mechanical properties of functionally graded binary alloys manufactured by additive manufacturing

Materials Today Communications ◽

10.1016/j.mtcomm.2020.101451 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 101451

Author(s):

C. Schneider-Maunoury ◽

A. Albayda ◽

O. Bartier ◽

L. Weiss ◽

G. Mauvoisin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Binary Alloys ◽

Functionally Graded ◽

Instrumented Indentation

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Mechanical Characterization of Aluminium Alloy 6061 Powder Deposit Made by Friction Stir Based Additive Manufacturing

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.846.110 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 846 ◽

pp. 110-116

Author(s):

Akash Mukhopadhyay ◽

Probir Saha

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽

Yield Strength ◽

Functionally Graded ◽

Future Application ◽

Micro Hardness ◽

Friction Stir ◽

Graded Structures

Additive Friction Stir (AFS) has the potential for extensive future application in metal based additive manufacturing. Powder based AFS is specifically useful for fabricating functionally graded structures. But, the consolidation of powder inside the hollow tool used in this operation hinders the powder based AFS process. This problem could be resolved by Additive Friction Stir Processing (AFSP) while maintaining the key advantages of AFS. A 3D deposit structure of height 5 mm and width 64 mm was made from Al6061 alloy powder by AFSP. Mechanical properties like ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and micro-hardness of the deposit were evaluated in both longitudinal and transverse directions. The ultimate tensile strength and micro-hardness of the deposit were comparable to Al6061-O and there was a significant increment in tensile yield strength. Also, the isotropic nature of the deposit could be inferred from similar mechanical properties in the longitudinal and transverse direction. Dimple ruptures seen in fractographic analysis gave evidence to the ductile nature of the deposit.

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Influence of composition gradient variation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 316 L/Inconel718 functionally graded material fabricated by laser additive manufacturing

Journal of Materials Processing Technology ◽

10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2020.116702 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 283 ◽

pp. 116702 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yi Su ◽

Bo Chen ◽

Caiwang Tan ◽

Xiaoguo Song ◽

Jicai Feng

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Functionally Graded Material ◽

Functionally Graded ◽

Composition Gradient ◽

Laser Additive Manufacturing ◽

Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽

Graded Material ◽

Gradient Variation

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Additive manufacturing of biodegradable Zn-xWE43 porous scaffolds: Formation quality, microstructure and mechanical properties

Materials & Design ◽

10.1016/j.matdes.2019.107937 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 181 ◽

pp. 107937 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Yu Qin ◽

Peng Wen ◽

Maximilian Voshage ◽

Yanzhe Chen ◽

Paul Georg Schückler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Porous Scaffolds ◽

Microstructure And Mechanical Properties

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Microstructure and mechanical properties of titanium alloy / zirconia functionally graded materials prepared by laser additive manufacturing

Journal of Manufacturing Processes ◽

10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.05.044 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 ◽

pp. 616-622 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kai Zhao ◽

Guohui Zhang ◽

Guangyi Ma ◽

Chen Shen ◽

Dongjiang Wu

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Titanium Alloy ◽

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Functionally Graded Materials ◽

Functionally Graded ◽

Laser Additive Manufacturing ◽

Graded Materials ◽

Microstructure And Mechanical Properties

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Functionally graded Inconel 718 processed by additive manufacturing: Crystallographic texture, anisotropy of microstructure and mechanical properties

Materials & Design ◽

10.1016/j.matdes.2016.10.075 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 114 ◽

pp. 441-449 ◽

Cited By ~ 155

Author(s):

V.A. Popovich ◽

E.V. Borisov ◽

A.A. Popovich ◽

V.Sh. Sufiiarov ◽

D.V. Masaylo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Crystallographic Texture ◽

Inconel 718 ◽

Functionally Graded ◽

Microstructure And Mechanical Properties

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Effect of Different Porosity Ratio on Mechanical Properties of Polycaprolactone and Polylactic Acid Scaffolds

Academic Perspective Procedia ◽

10.33793/acperpro.01.01.195 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1243-1248

Author(s):

Adem Demir ◽

Mustafa Keser ◽

Fatih Çalışkan

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Pore Size ◽

Polylactic Acid ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Patient Specific ◽

Porous Scaffolds ◽

Medical Field ◽

Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽

Porosity Ratio

In recent years, patient-specific solutions and additive manufacturing (AM) have become increasingly important in the treatment of bone defects in studies performed on the medical field. In this direction, additive manufacturing methods use in scaffold fabrication, and many advantages of these systems come to the forefront. Porosity affects the mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability of tissue engineering scaffolds. In this study, the effect of different porosity ratios on the mechanical properties of scaffolds for polylactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds was studied. With this fabrication method can be formed entirely 3D interconnected porous scaffolds with pore size. Three different (20%, 35%, and 50%) porosity ratios were determined for both materials, and the mechanical properties of the samples were determined by compression test. The scaffolds fabricated with larger pore size showed lower mechanical performance compared to scaffolds with smaller pore size.

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