Mechanical Characterization of Aluminium Alloy 6061 Powder Deposit Made by Friction Stir Based Additive Manufacturing

2020 ◽  
Vol 846 ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
Akash Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Probir Saha

Additive Friction Stir (AFS) has the potential for extensive future application in metal based additive manufacturing. Powder based AFS is specifically useful for fabricating functionally graded structures. But, the consolidation of powder inside the hollow tool used in this operation hinders the powder based AFS process. This problem could be resolved by Additive Friction Stir Processing (AFSP) while maintaining the key advantages of AFS. A 3D deposit structure of height 5 mm and width 64 mm was made from Al6061 alloy powder by AFSP. Mechanical properties like ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and micro-hardness of the deposit were evaluated in both longitudinal and transverse directions. The ultimate tensile strength and micro-hardness of the deposit were comparable to Al6061-O and there was a significant increment in tensile yield strength. Also, the isotropic nature of the deposit could be inferred from similar mechanical properties in the longitudinal and transverse direction. Dimple ruptures seen in fractographic analysis gave evidence to the ductile nature of the deposit.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenglong Liang ◽  
Qi Zhang

A novel process which combines casting with forging during one process was proposed to improve mechanical properties and refine microstructure. The microstructure evolution of as-cast samples and forged samples were analyzed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The tensile properties and micro-hardness were also measured. The results show that combination of casting and forging can improve microstructure and decrease porosity of casting samples, consequently contributing to a better fatigue performance. The ultimate tensile strength and elongation were increased after forging process, however, the yield strength and micro-hardness decreased.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD. S.M. Chowdhury

Mechanical properties of friction stir welded (FSWed), double sided arc welded (DSAWed), fiber laser welded (FLWed) and diode laser welded (DLWed) on AZ31B Mg alloy were studied. After welding, grains at the centre became recrystallized. Brittle phase β-Mg₁₇AI₁₂ particles observed at the centre of the joint during fusion welding process. The yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and fatigue strength were lower in the FDWed samples than in the DSAWed samples. Welding defect at the bottom of the FDWed joint was observed when right hand thread (RHT) weld tool was considered. In FLWed joint, YS, UTS and fatigue strength, with a joint efficiency of ~91% was achieved while the YS, UTS and fatigue strength of the DLWed joints were notably lower. The DSAWed joints and DLWed joints exhibited a higher strain hardening capacity in comparison with the FSWed joints and FLWed joints, respectively.


Author(s):  
S. K. Padisala ◽  
A. Bhardwaj ◽  
K. Poluri ◽  
A. K. Gupta

Nitinol shape memory alloy is well known for its shape memory effect and super elastic effect. In the present work, the improvement of mechanical properties of nitinol alloy like yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and micro-hardness is discussed along with the study of evolution of micro-structure after every pass to extend the applications of shape memory alloys into high strength application areas. Severe plastic deformation processes are usually adopted for producing fine grain structures which improve the mechanical properties of a material. One such severe deformation process is constrained groove pressing, which is considered as one of the best severe plastic deformation techniques for sheet metals. The results of constrained groove pressing process on nitinol alloy show that the yield strength and the ultimate tensile strength have increased by about 3.6 times 2.5 times respectively, with an increment of 50% and 74% in micro-hardness after 1st pass of constrained groove pressing and 2nd pass of constrained groove pressing respectively. Microstructure shows increase in martensitic phase after constrained groove pressing processing. Increasing in twinning and grain boundary density can be observed in constrained groove pressing processed nitinol, which are the reasons for the tremendous increase in the strength of the alloy. Thus, the constrained groove pressing process on nitinol alloy can increase its range of application for high strength requirements.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD. S.M. Chowdhury

Mechanical properties of friction stir welded (FSWed), double sided arc welded (DSAWed), fiber laser welded (FLWed) and diode laser welded (DLWed) on AZ31B Mg alloy were studied. After welding, grains at the centre became recrystallized. Brittle phase β-Mg₁₇AI₁₂ particles observed at the centre of the joint during fusion welding process. The yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and fatigue strength were lower in the FDWed samples than in the DSAWed samples. Welding defect at the bottom of the FDWed joint was observed when right hand thread (RHT) weld tool was considered. In FLWed joint, YS, UTS and fatigue strength, with a joint efficiency of ~91% was achieved while the YS, UTS and fatigue strength of the DLWed joints were notably lower. The DSAWed joints and DLWed joints exhibited a higher strain hardening capacity in comparison with the FSWed joints and FLWed joints, respectively.


Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Hongxin Liao ◽  
Taekyung Lee ◽  
Jiangfeng Song ◽  
Jonghyun Kim ◽  
Fusheng Pan

The microstructures and mechanical properties of the Mg88.5Zn5Y6.5-XREX (RE = Yb and Ce, X = 0, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5) (wt.%) alloys were investigated in the present study. Mg88.5Zn5Y6.5 is composed of three phases, namely, α-Mg, long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phases, and intermetallic compounds. The content of the LPSO phases decreased with the addition of Ce and Yb, and no LPSO phases were detected in Mg88.5Zn5Y2.0Yb4.5. The alloys containing the LPSO phases possessed a stratified microstructure and exhibited excellent mechanical properties. Mg88.5Zn5Y5.0Ce1.5 exhibited the highest creep resistance and mechanical strength at both room temperature and 200 °C, owing to its suitable microstructure and high thermal stability. The yield strength of Mg88.5Zn5Y5.0Ce1.5 at room temperature was 358 MPa. The ultimate tensile strength of Mg88.5Zn5Y5.0Ce1.5 at room temperature and 200 °C was 453 MPa and 360 MPa, respectively.


2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayu Rizeki Ridhowati ◽  
Eka Febriyanti ◽  
Rini Riastuti

Warm rolling is one of the thermomechanical method has several advantages such as produces high mechanical properties, but does not decrease % elongation and toughness value because partial recrystallization phenomenon that produces micron-sized new grain. This paper reports the results of an investigation carried out on the effects of holding time annealing to mechanical properties Cu-Zn 70/30 alloy. These alloy after homogenization process and quenched in the air then heated to temperature of 300°C, later the heated copper samples are warm rolled at 25%, 30%, and 35% reduction, after that heated at temperature 300°C and held during 120 minutes. Then sample is experienced rewarm rolling with reduction 25%, 30%, and 35%. The results obtained showed that the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength are higher proportional with the increasing of % reduction, their values are 501,1 MPa; 599,3 MPa; later decrease to 546, 5 MPa and to yield strength are 441,8 MPa; 466,1 MPa; then decrease to 458,6 MPa. Moreover hardness value increase proportional with % reduction such as 154 HV; 162 HV; after that decrease to 160 HV While, % elongation decreases inversely proportional with % reduction namely 12,4%; 8,2%; later increase to 11,2 %. It is caused of the partial recrystallization phenomenon as evidenced by the presence micron-sized.AbstrakWarm rolling merupakan salah satu metode termomekanik yang mempunyai beberapa keuntungan yaitu salah satunya menghasilkan sifat mekanik yang tinggi, namun tidak mengurunkan nilai keuletan karena adanya fenomena rekristalisasi parsial yang menghasilkan butiran baru berbentuk micron. Paper ini menjelaskan tentang hasil penelitian berupa pengaruh persentase reduksi terhadap sifat mekanis paduan Cu-Zn 70/30. Paduan Cu-Zn 70/30 setelah dilakukan proses homogenisasi dan didinginkan di udara lalu dipanaskan ke suhu 300°C, kemudian masing-masing dilakukan warm rolling dengan persentase reduksi sebesar 25%, 30%, dan 35% kemudian ditahan di suhu 300°C dalam waktu 120 menit. Selanjutnya sampel dilakukan rewarm rolling dengan persentase reduksi sebesar 25%, 30%, dan 35%. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan antara lain nilai kekuatan tarik (UTS dan YS) yang semakin tinggi sebanding dengan peningkatan % reduksi warm rolling yaitu masing-masing untuk nilai UTS sebesar 501,1 MPa; 599,3 MPa; lalu menurun menjadi 546,5 MPa serta untuk nilai kekuatan luluh sebesar 441,8 MPa; 466,1 MPa; lalu menurun menjadi 458,6 MPa. Selain itu, nilai kekerasan meningkat sebanding dengan peningkatan % reduksi warm rolling masing-masing sebesar 154 HV; 162 HV; lalu menurun menjadi 160 HV. Sedangkan persentase elongasi semakin menurun berbanding terbalik dengan peningkatan % reduksi masing-masing sebesar 12,4%; 8,2%; lalu meningkat menjadi 11,2%. Hal tersebut disebabkan karena adanya fenomena rekristalisasi parsial yang dibuktikan dengan kehadiran butir kecil berukuran mikron.Keywords : Cu-Zn 70/30 alloy, warm rolling, anneal, % reduction, mechanical properties


Author(s):  
Sumit Jain ◽  
R.S. Mishra

In this research, a defect-free dissimilar weld joint of AA7075-T6 and AA6061-T6 reinforced with Al2O3 nanoparticles was fabricated via friction stir welding (FSW). The influence of tool rotational speed (700, 900 and 1100 rpm), traverse speed (40, 50 and 60 mm/min) with varying volume fractions of Al2O3 nanoparticles (4%, 7% and 10%) on microstructural evolution and mechanical properties were investigated. The augmentation of various mechanical properties is based on the homogeneity of particle dispersion and grains refinement in the SZ of the FSWed joint. The findings revealed that the remarkable reduction in grain size in the SZ was observed owing to the incorporation of Al2O3 nanoparticles produces the pinning effect, which prevents the growth of grain boundaries by dynamic recrystallization (DRX). The increasing volume fraction of Al2O3 nanoparticles enhanced the mechanical properties such as tensile strength, % elongation and micro-hardness. Agglomeration of particles was observed in the SZ of the FSWed joints produced at lower tool rotational speed of 700 rpm and higher traverse speed of 60 mm/min due to unusual material flow. Homogenous particle dispersion and enhanced material mixing ensue at higher rotational speed of 1100 rpm and lower traverse speed of 40 mm/min exhibit higher tensile strength and micro-hardness.


2019 ◽  
Vol 944 ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
Qing Feng Yang ◽  
Cun Juan Xia ◽  
Ya Qi Deng

Bulky sample was made by using TIG wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technology, in which Ф1.6 mm filler wire of in-situ TiB2/Al-Si composites was selected as deposition metal, following by T6 heat treatment. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the bulky sample before and after heat treatment were analyzed. Experimental results showed that the texture of the original samples parallel to the weld direction and perpendicular to the weld direction was similar consisting of columnar dendrites and equiaxed crystals. After T6 heat treatment, the hardness of the sample was increased to 115.85 HV from 62.83 HV, the yield strength of the sample was 273.33 MPa, the average tensile strength was 347.33 MPa, and the average elongation after fracture was 7.96%. Although pore defects existed in the fracture, yet the fracture of the sample was ductile fracture.


2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (5-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Shukor Salleh ◽  
Nurul Naili Mohamad Ishak ◽  
Saifudin Hafiz Yahaya

In this study, the effect of different amounts of copper (CU) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of thixoformed Al-6Si-xCu-0.3Mg (x= 3, 4 and 5, mass fraction, %) were investigated. The alloys were prepared via cooling slope casting technique, before there were thixoformed using compression press. All of the alloys were then characterized using optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The results obtained revealed that cooling slope casting produced a non-dendritic microstructure and the intermetallic phase in the thixoformed samples was refined and evenly distributed. The results also revealed that as the Cu content in the alloy increases, the hardness and tensile strength of the thixoformed alloys also increase. The hardness of thixoformed Al-6Si-3Cu was 104.1 HV while the hardness of Al-6Si-5Cu alloy was increased to 118.2 HV. The ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation to fracture of the thixoformed alloy which contained 3wt.% Cu were 241 MPa, 176 MPa and 3.2% respectively. The ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation to fracture of the alloy that contained 6wt.% of Cu were 280 MPa, 238 MPa and 1.2% respectively. The fracture surface of the tensile sample with lower Cu content exhibited dimple rupture while higher Cu content showed a cleavage fracture.


Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Calaf Chica ◽  
Pedro Bravo Díez ◽  
Mónica Preciado Calzada

The load–deflection curve acquired from the Small Punch Test (SPT) is used to obtain the mechanical properties of materials using different correlation methods. The scattering level of these regressions tends to be high when a wide set of materials is analyzed. In this study, a correlation method based on a specific slope of the SPT curve was proposed to reduce scattering. Assuming the Ramberg–Osgood hardening law, the dependence of the SPT curve slope on the yield strength and the hardening coefficient is demonstrated by numerical simulations (FEM). Considering that the ultimate tensile strength could be obtained from the hardening coefficient, a response surface of the ultimate tensile strength with the yield strength and SPT curve slope, along with its equation, is presented for steel alloys. A summary of steel mechanical properties, based on the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) and limited to yield strengths lower than 1300 MPa, is shown to select a set of experimental tests (tensile tests and SPTs) for which the range is completely covered. This experimental analysis validates the previous FEM analyses and the validity of the proposed correlation method, which shows more accurate correlations compared to the current methods.


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