scholarly journals Development of a freely distributable CFD tool for approximate and detailed simulations of the flow around a complex of buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 2042 (1) ◽  
pp. 012069
Author(s):  
J Decaix ◽  
P Jaboyedoff ◽  
G. Duthé ◽  
E. El Sergany ◽  
L. Aiulfi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Fluid Flows ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Building Energy Efficiency ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Federal Department ◽  
Swiss Confederation ◽  
Industry Policy ◽  
Set Up

Abstract Indo-Swiss Building Energy Efficiency Project (BEEP) is a cooperation project between the Ministry of Power, Government of India, and the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs of the Swiss Confederation. Started in 2011, the project’s central focus is to help India mainstream Energy-Efficient and Thermally Comfortable (EETC) Building Design. BEEP works with building industry, policy makers, and building owners to catalyse adoption of EETC building design and technologies. India wants to avoid or reduce the use of air conditioning by improving natural ventilation at night, which requires numerical simulations to compute the flow around the buildings. However, the simulations of fluid flows are time consuming and are not used at the beginning of a project when the locations of the buildings are set. To improve the situation, a freely distributable environment based on the OpenFOAM toolbox has been developed providing two levels of resolution: an approximate level computing the flow in few minutes and a RANS level of simulation. The user inputs are limited to the geometry and the velocity direction and magnitude. The mesh and the numerical set up are automated. The accuracy of the two levels of resolution have been checked by computing test cases from the CEDVAL database.

Conclusion of a Headquarters Agreement between the International Committee of the Red Cross and the Swiss Confederation

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (293) ◽  
pp. 150-151
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Federal Department ◽  
Swiss Confederation

On 19 March 1993 in Berne, Mr. Renè Felber, Head of the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs, and Mr. Cornelio Sommaruga, President of the ICRC, signed an agreement to determine the legal status of the ICRC in Switzerland.

Marking the 125th anniversary of the 22 August 1864 Geneva Convention

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (272) ◽  
pp. 465-470
Keyword(s):  
Geneva Convention ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Geneva Conventions ◽  
Federal Department ◽  
125Th Anniversary ◽  
Swiss Confederation

On 22 August, the Swiss Confederation, the depositary State for the Geneva Conventions, celebrated the 125th anniversary of the Geneva Convention of 22 August 1864 for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field. The focus of the celebrations, which were organized by the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs in co-operation with the International Committee of the Red Cross and the Swiss Red Cross, was a solemn and dignified ceremony in Bern attended by representatives of the States party to the Geneva Conventions, Swiss federal and cantonal authorities and the ICRC, the League and National Societies.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Framework for Standardising System Boundary Definition in Life Cycle Energy Assessments

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Hossein Omrany ◽  
Veronica Soebarto ◽  
Jian Zuo ◽  
Ruidong Chang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Building Energy Efficiency ◽  
System Boundary ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
Boundary Definition ◽  
Comprehensive Framework

This paper aims to propose a comprehensive framework for a clear description of system boundary conditions in life cycle energy assessment (LCEA) analysis in order to promote the incorporation of embodied energy impacts into building energy-efficiency regulations (BEERs). The proposed framework was developed based on an extensive review of 66 studies representing 243 case studies in over 15 countries. The framework consists of six distinctive dimensions, i.e., temporal, physical, methodological, hypothetical, spatial, and functional. These dimensions encapsulate 15 components collectively. The proposed framework possesses two key characteristics; first, its application facilitates defining the conditions of a system boundary within a transparent context. This consequently leads to increasing reliability of obtained LCEA results for decision-making purposes since any particular conditions (e.g., truncation or assumption) considered in establishing the boundaries of a system under study can be revealed. Second, the use of a framework can also provide a meaningful basis for cross comparing cases within a global context. This characteristic can further result in identifying best practices for the design of buildings with low life cycle energy use performance. Furthermore, this paper applies the proposed framework to analyse the LCEA performance of a case study in Adelaide, Australia. Thereafter, the framework is utilised to cross compare the achieved LCEA results with a case study retrieved from literature in order to demonstrate the framework’s capacity for cross comparison. The results indicate the capability of the framework for maintaining transparency in establishing a system boundary in an LCEA analysis, as well as a standardised basis for cross comparing cases. This study also offers recommendations for policy makers in the building sector to incorporate embodied energy into BEERs.

scholarly journals Impact of Air Infiltration on IAQ and Ventilation Efficiency in Higher Educational Classrooms in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6875
Author(s):  
Irene Poza-Casado ◽  
Raquel Gil-Valverde ◽  
Alberto Meiss ◽  
Miguel Ángel Padilla-Marcos
Keyword(s):  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Air Infiltration ◽  
Ventilation Efficiency ◽  
Educational Buildings ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Total Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
The Impact

Indoor air quality (IAQ) in educational buildings is a key element of the students’ well-being and academic performance. Window-opening behavior and air infiltration, generally used as the sole ventilation sources in existing educational buildings, often lead to unhealthy levels of indoor pollutants and energy waste. This paper evaluates the conditions of natural ventilation in classrooms in order to study how climate conditions affect energy waste. For that purpose, the impact of the air infiltration both on the IAQ and on the efficiency of the ventilation was evaluated in two university classrooms with natural ventilation in the Continental area of Spain. The research methodology was based on site sensors to analyze IAQ parameters such as CO2, Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC), Particulate Matter (PM), and other climate parameters for a week during the cold season. Airtightness was then assessed within the classrooms and the close built environment by means of pressurization tests, and infiltration rates were estimated. The obtained results were used to set up a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model to evaluate the age of the local air and the ventilation efficiency value. The results revealed that ventilation cannot rely only on air infiltration, and, therefore, specific controlled ventilation strategies should be implemented to improve IAQ and to avoid excessive energy loss.

scholarly journals Using CFD to Evaluate Natural Ventilation through a 3D Parametric Modeling Approach

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2197
Author(s):  
Nayara Rodrigues Marques Sakiyama ◽  
Jurgen Frick ◽  
Timea Bejat ◽  
Harald Garrecht
Keyword(s):  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Parametric Modeling ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
3D Design ◽  
Post Process ◽  
Test House ◽  
Model Set ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Passive Strategy

Predicting building air change rates is a challenge for designers seeking to deal with natural ventilation, a more and more popular passive strategy. Among the methods available for this task, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) appears the most compelling, in ascending use. However, CFD simulations require a range of settings and skills that inhibit its wide application. With the primary goal of providing a pragmatic CFD application to promote wind-driven ventilation assessments at the design phase, this paper presents a study that investigates natural ventilation integrating 3D parametric modeling and CFD. From pre- to post-processing, the workflow addresses all simulation steps: geometry and weather definition, including incident wind directions, a model set up, control, results’ edition, and visualization. Both indoor air velocities and air change rates (ACH) were calculated within the procedure, which used a test house and air measurements as a reference. The study explores alternatives in the 3D design platform’s frame to display and compute ACH and parametrically generate surfaces where air velocities are computed. The paper also discusses the effectiveness of the reference building’s natural ventilation by analyzing the CFD outputs. The proposed approach assists the practical use of CFD by designers, providing detailed information about the numerical model, as well as enabling the means to generate the cases, visualize, and post-process the results.

Building design on wind driven natural ventilation with different simulation air model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Kumar ◽  
Helal Ahmad Farhan ◽  
Sukanta Nayak ◽  
Manikant Paswan ◽  
Achintya
Keyword(s):  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Building Design

scholarly journals Impact of Window to Wall Ratio on Energy Loads in Hot Regions: A Study of Building Energy Performance

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1080
Author(s):  
Mamdooh Alwetaishi ◽  
Omrane Benjeddou
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Building Energy Efficiency ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Heating And Cooling

The concern regarding local responsive building design has gained more attention globally as of late. This is due to the issue of the rapid increase in energy consumption in buildings for the purpose of heating and cooling. This has become a crucial issue in educational buildings and especially in schools. The major issue in school buildings in Saudi Arabia is that they are a form of prototype school building design (PSBD). As a result, if there is any concern in the design stage and in relation to the selection of building materials, this will spread throughout the region. In addition to that, the design is repeated regardless of the climate variation within the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This research will focus on the influence of the window to wall ratio on the energy load in various orientations and different climatic regions. The research will use the energy computer tool TAS Environmental Design Solution Limited (EDSL) to calculate the energy load as well as solar gain. During the visit to the sample schools, a globe thermometer will be used to monitor the globe temperature in the classrooms. This research introduces a framework to assist architects and engineers in selecting the proper window to wall ratio (WWR) in each direction within the same building based on adequate natural light with a minimum reliance on energy load. For ultimate WWR for energy performance and daylight, the WWR should range from 20% to 30%, depending on orientation, in order to provide the optimal daylight factor combined with building energy efficiency. This ratio can be slightly greater in higher altitude locations.

Netherlands withdraws a reservation to the Fourth Geneva Convention

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (232) ◽  
pp. 29-29
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Geneva Convention ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Netherlands Antilles ◽  
Federal Department ◽  
The Government

The Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, in a note dated 5 February 1983, received by the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs on 7 February 1983, withdraws, by declaration dated 25 January 1983, for the Kingdom in Europe and for the Netherlands Antilles, its reservation concerning Article 68, paragraph 2, of the Geneva Convention of 12 August 1949 relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War (Fourth Convention).

Acoustic Performance of Louvred Facades for Brisbane Domestic Airport: An Integrated Approach

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Butera ◽  
Keith Hewett
Keyword(s):  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Internal Noise ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
External Noise ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Sustainable Building ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Airport Terminals

Maximising cross ventilation is a low energy method of naturally ventilating and providing heating and cooling to deep plan spaces. Significant reduction in the emission of greenhouse gases can be achieved through minimising the use of mechanical systems in regions with climatic conditions that support the use of natural ventilation. Arup has provided input into the design of a louvered facade for the control of external noise for Brisbane Domestic Airport. A full scale prototype facade was constructed and noise transmission loss measurements were undertaken. The results indicate that significant noise reduction can be achieved to enable compliance with the internal noise limits for airport terminals, whilst using natural ventilation. The findings from this research will directly benefit building designers and innovators in the pursuit of achieving sustainable building design.

scholarly journals Activities of the Asian Department of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in coordination of the Russian Balkan policy (first half of the 19th century)

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-60
Author(s):  
Elena P. Kudryavtseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Balkan Region ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The 19Th Century

The study is devoted to the activities of the Asian Department of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs that served as a curator of the Russia-Balkans relations in the first half of the 19th century. The Asian Department (set up in 1819) was in charge of the diplomatic, economic, cultural and church relations of Russia with the countries of the «East», and, above all, with the Ottoman Empire. Relations with the Orthodox Balkan nations - Serbs, Bulgarians and Montenegrins – remained traditionally close. This department supervised the policies related to the Balkan region, developed instructions for Russian envoys in Constantinople and Athens, stored consular reports from all over the Balkan region, and, as a result, elaborated approach of the Russian government in relations with Turkey.

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