Water Absorption Behaviour of Epoxy/Acrylated Epoxidized Palm Oil (AEPO) Reinforced Hybrid Kenaf/Glass Fiber Montmorillonite (HMT) Composites

Abstract The use of fiber-reinforced vegetable oil - polymer composites has increased in various technical fields. However, the long-term operating performance of these materials is still not well understood, limiting the development of these composites. In this study, the water absorption performance of hybrid composites, which consist of kenaf fiber and glass fiber as reinforcement, epoxy resin and acrylated epoxidized palm oil (AEPO) as a matrix, and montmorillonite (MMT) nano clays as a filler was evaluated with the function of different fibers layering order. The hand lay-up method is used to produce the composites with the variable number of kenaf fibers and glass fibers layer sequences. The water absorption kinetics of epoxy/AEPO reinforced hybrid kenaf/glass fiber-filled MMT composites are described in this paper. It has been observed that the water absorption rate of the composites depends on the fiber layering sequences. The alternative sequence of Glass-Kenaf-Kenaf-Glass and Kenaf-Glass-Kenaf-Glass composites layers exhibited the lowest moisture absorption rates of 7.61% and 7.63%, respectively.

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Interfacial Debonding in PWBs

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-323-371 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 323 ◽

Author(s):

Junhui Li ◽

Michael Pecht

Keyword(s):

Thermal Cycling ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Glass Fiber ◽

Moisture Absorption ◽

Glass Fibers ◽

Matrix Material ◽

Copper Ion ◽

Interfacial Debonding ◽

Filament Formation ◽

Ion Migration

AbstractGlass fiber reinforced epoxy laminates have been widely applied in the electronic packaging industry as multilayer printed wiring boards (PWBs). Previous investigations indicate that, the electric insulation between printed through hole (PTH) and conductive lines can be lost if the boards are subjected to certain environmental conditions [1,2,3]. The insulation breakdown is caused by copper filament formation along the glass fibers once the filament bridges any two nearby circuittraces, such as a PTH and a power plane, or between two PTHs. The conductive filament formation is a two step process: path formation and electrochemical reaction. The path formation is caused by degradation of the glass-epoxy interface, which provides the copper ion migration path for the second step. Humidity and temperature are the key factors leading to interfacial degradation. Usually, humidity is of more concern because water absorption helps the path formation. Among board materials, epoxy resin, as the matrix material, is more susceptive to moisture absorption than glass fiber or copper [3,4]. Operating temperature that changes the degree of moisture absorption [5,6], and thermal cycling that enhances water absorption, and stress induced from thermal-mismatches [7], are also considered as the important factors to the interface degradation.Epoxy/glass interfacial debonding can be introduced near PTHs by thermal cycling [8]. The interfacial debonding between glass fibers and the epoxy matrix near PTHs accelerates the electromigration process. In order to study the interfacial debonding mechanisms, thermal cycling tests of PWBs were conducted and the dynamic process of interfacial debonding was characterized using environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). This paper presents the experimental results with discussion of the possible interfacial debonding mechanisms.

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Investigations on the Mechanical Properties of Glass Fiber/Sisal Fiber/Chitosan Reinforced Hybrid Polymer Sandwich Composite Scaffolds for Bone Fracture Fixation Applications

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12071501 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 1501 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Soundhar Arumugam ◽

Jayakrishna Kandasamy ◽

Ain Umaira Md Shah ◽

Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan ◽

Syafiqah Nur Azrie Safri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Glass Fiber ◽

Bone Fracture ◽

Hybrid Composite ◽

Bone Structure ◽

Hybrid Composites ◽

Sisal Fiber ◽

Composite Scaffolds ◽

Study Results

This study aims to explore the mechanical properties of hybrid glass fiber (GF)/sisal fiber (SF)/chitosan (CTS) composite material for orthopedic long bone plate applications. The GF/SF/CTS hybrid composite possesses a unique sandwich structure and comprises GF/CTS/epoxy as the external layers and SF/CTS/epoxy as the inner layers. The composite plate resembles the human bone structure (spongy internal cancellous matrix and rigid external cortical). The mechanical properties of the prepared hybrid sandwich composites samples were evaluated using tensile, flexural, micro hardness, and compression tests. The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images were studied to analyze the failure mechanism of these composite samples. Besides, contact angle (CA) and water absorption tests were conducted using the sessile drop method to examine the wettability properties of the SF/CTS/epoxy and GF/SF/CTS/epoxy composites. Additionally, the porosity of the GF/SF/CTS composite scaffold samples were determined by using the ethanol infiltration method. The mechanical test results show that the GF/SF/CTS hybrid composites exhibit the bending strength of 343 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 146 MPa, and compressive strength of 380 MPa with higher Young’s modulus in the bending tests (21.56 GPa) compared to the tensile (6646 MPa) and compressive modulus (2046 MPa). Wettability study results reveal that the GF/SF/CTS composite scaffolds were hydrophobic (CA = 92.41° ± 1.71°) with less water absorption of 3.436% compared to the SF/CTS composites (6.953%). The SF/CTS composites show a hydrophilic character (CA = 54.28° ± 3.06°). The experimental tests prove that the GF/SF/CTS hybrid composite can be used for orthopedic bone fracture plate applications in future.

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Hybrid composites and intra-ply hybrid composites based on jute and glass fibers: A comparative study on moisture absorption and mechanical properties

Materials Today Communications ◽

10.1016/j.mtcomm.2019.100861 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 100861 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wafa Ouarhim ◽

Hamid Essabir ◽

Mohammed-Ouadi Bensalah ◽

Denis Rodrigue ◽

Rachid Bouhfid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Moisture Absorption ◽

Hybrid Composites ◽

Glass Fibers

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Glass Fiber/Waste Cotton Fabric Reinforced Hybrid Composites: Mechanical Investigations

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.263.179 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 263 ◽

pp. 179-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mehmet Safa Bodur ◽

Mustafa Bakkal ◽

Karl Englund

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Maleic Anhydride ◽

Glass Fiber ◽

Composite Structures ◽

Natural Fiber ◽

Hybrid Composites ◽

Glass Fibers ◽

Cotton Fibers ◽

Reinforced Composites ◽

Hybridization Effect

In this study, the hybridization effect on the mechanical properties of the natural fiber reinforced composites was investigated. For this purpose, glass fibers in different ratios of 2.5, 5 and 10 wt% were added in the polymer composites with cotton fibers at the ratios of 12.5 and 25 wt%. In order to have better interfacial bonding and increase the effectiveness of glass fiber on the mechanical properties, maleic anhydride coupling agent was added in the hybrid composite structures. At the end of the study, the best ratios of maleic anhydride, cotton and glass fiber for this kind composites were explored with respect to the economical and mechanical concerns. This study suggests that hybridization can be considered as most promising way to improve the mechanical properties for this novel composite materials.

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Influence of fiber surface treatments on physico-mechanical behaviour of jute/epoxy composites impregnated with aluminium oxide filler

Journal of Composite Materials ◽

10.1177/0021998317695420 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 51 (28) ◽

pp. 3909-3922 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Priyadarshi Tapas Ranjan Swain ◽

Sandhyarani Biswas

Keyword(s):

Water Absorption ◽

Benzoyl Chloride ◽

Moisture Absorption ◽

Natural Fiber ◽

Hybrid Composites ◽

Aluminium Oxide ◽

Fiber Surface ◽

Epoxy Composites ◽

Fiber Reinforced ◽

Chemically Treated

The present paper discovers the effect of ceramic filler inclusion on physico-mechanical and water absorption behaviour of untreated and chemically treated (alkali and benzoyl chloride treated) bi-directional jute natural-fiber-reinforced epoxy composites. In practice, the major drawbacks of using natural fibers are their high degree of moisture absorption and poor dimensional stability. Currently, chemical treatments are able to induce fiber modifications that increase their resistance when utilized in composite products. Jute fibers were subjected to various chemical modifications to improve the interfacial bonding with the matrix. In this study, an analysis has been carried out to make pre-treated jute fiber (10, 20, 30 and 40 wt.%) and different filler content (5 and 10 wt.%) with epoxy-based composites. A comparative study of all the untreated jute/aluminium oxide based hybrid composites with chemically treated jute/aluminium oxide based hybrid composites was carried out. The investigational result reveals that chemically treated composites considerably improved the mechanical properties of the composite. The maximum water absorption resistance and strength properties were found with benzoyl chloride-treated fiber-reinforced composite. Lastly, the surface morphology of fractured surfaces after tensile and flexural testing is studied using scanning electron microscope.

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Mechanical Properties of Abaca–Glass Fiber Composites Fabricated by Vacuum-Assisted Resin Transfer Method

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13162719 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (16) ◽

pp. 2719

Author(s):

Marissa A. Paglicawan ◽

Carlo S. Emolaga ◽

Johanna Marie B. Sudayon ◽

Kenneth B. Tria

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Glass Fiber ◽

Natural Fiber ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Hybrid Composites ◽

Glass Fibers ◽

Fiber Composites ◽

Failure Behavior ◽

Glass Fiber Composites ◽

Transfer Method

The application of natural fiber-reinforced composites is gaining interest in the automotive, aerospace, construction, and marine fields due to its advantages of being environmentally friendly and lightweight, having a low cost, and having a lower energy consumption during production. The incorporation of natural fibers with glass fiber hybrid composites may lead to some engineering and industrial applications. In this study, abaca/glass fiber composites were prepared using the vacuum-assisted resin transfer method (VARTM). The effect of different lamination stacking sequences of abaca–glass fibers on the tensile, flexural, and impact properties was evaluated. The morphological failure behavior of the fractured-tensile property was evaluated by 3D X-ray Computed Tomography and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results of mechanical properties were mainly dependent on the volume fraction of abaca fibers, glass fibers, and the arrangement of stacking sequences in the laminates. The higher volume fraction of abaca fiber resulted in a decrease in mechanical properties causing fiber fracture, resin cracking, and fiber pullout due to poor bonding between the fibers and the matrix. The addition of glass woven roving in the composites increased the mechanical properties despite the occurrence of severe delamination between the abaca–strand mat glass fiber.

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The Influence of Moisture Absorption on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Chemically Treated DPL Reinforced Hybrid Composite

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.978.316 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 978 ◽

pp. 316-322 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Priyadarshi Tapas Ranjan Swain ◽

Sankar Narayan Das ◽

Prabina Kumar Patnaik ◽

Abhilash Purohit

Keyword(s):

Thermal Properties ◽

Glass Fiber ◽

Moisture Absorption ◽

Natural Fiber ◽

Hybrid Composites ◽

Synthetic Fiber ◽

Differential Scanning Calorimetric ◽

Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽

Weight Percentage ◽

Chemically Treated

Moisture absorption of natural fiber-based composites is one of the major problems in outdoor applications. The present study deals with the effect of moisture absorption on mechanical and thermal properties of unmodified/modified Date Palm Leaf (DPL) with glass fiber-based hybrid composites. Natural fibers were modified with alkaline treatment to improve fiber and matrix bonding. Conventional hand lay-up technique is used to fabricate the composites with varying different wt.% of treated and untreated short DPL with constant wt.% of glass fiber and prepared with random oriented manner. The combine effect of hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature find out as the study based upon the natural with synthetic fiber hybrid composites. Mechanical behaviour of the epoxy-based hybrid composites were characterized by using tensile, flexural and hardness test. The results revealed that significant improvement in mechanical properties by the addition of different weight percentage of modified DPL. Different thermal properties of the composites were described by using Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC). Morphological investigation was carried out to by using scanning electron microscope. All the properties of untreated natural fiber reinforced composites were mostly affected by the influence of water absorption as compared with chemically treated based composites.

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Water Absorption and Thickness Swelling of Laminated Composite after Cured at Different Angle

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.86 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 465-466 ◽

pp. 86-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohd Yuhazri bin Yaakob ◽

T.T.T. Jennise ◽

H. Sihombing ◽

N. Mohamad ◽

S.H. Yahaya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Absorption ◽

Composite Structures ◽

Moisture Absorption ◽

Glass Fibers ◽

Laminated Composite ◽

High Water ◽

Raw Material ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

Gravity Effects ◽

Materials Used

Moisture absorption is a very important factor in polymers and composite materials used for hull manufacture and stability in marine environment. High water absorption of the material will affects the mechanical properties and stability in composite. This research is carried out to study the feasibility of the gravity effects on curing position of the laminated composite structures to enhance the curing space needed. Vertical cured laminate having almost similar properties with common horizontal cured laminate able to save much space in composite industry. Horizontal cured laminates filled up spaces in which SMI lack of. Polyesters and E-glass fibers were used as the raw material in this research. Vacuum bagging technique was used to suck out the excess resin during lay-up to avoid any voids and air inside laminate and cured at different angle position in room temperature for 24 hours. Seven samples of laminated composite were fabricated and cut into specific dimension in accordance to ASTM standard. This paper will discuss about the investigation on the water absorption and thickness swelling of the thermosetting laminated composite by curing the laminate at different angle using vacuum bagging technique. From the testing, SN6 and SN7 shows to have good water resistant in physical properties.

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