Interfacial Debonding in PWBs

1993 ◽  
Vol 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhui Li ◽  
Michael Pecht
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Cycling ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Copper Ion ◽  
Interfacial Debonding ◽  
Filament Formation ◽  
Ion Migration

AbstractGlass fiber reinforced epoxy laminates have been widely applied in the electronic packaging industry as multilayer printed wiring boards (PWBs). Previous investigations indicate that, the electric insulation between printed through hole (PTH) and conductive lines can be lost if the boards are subjected to certain environmental conditions [1,2,3]. The insulation breakdown is caused by copper filament formation along the glass fibers once the filament bridges any two nearby circuittraces, such as a PTH and a power plane, or between two PTHs. The conductive filament formation is a two step process: path formation and electrochemical reaction. The path formation is caused by degradation of the glass-epoxy interface, which provides the copper ion migration path for the second step. Humidity and temperature are the key factors leading to interfacial degradation. Usually, humidity is of more concern because water absorption helps the path formation. Among board materials, epoxy resin, as the matrix material, is more susceptive to moisture absorption than glass fiber or copper [3,4]. Operating temperature that changes the degree of moisture absorption [5,6], and thermal cycling that enhances water absorption, and stress induced from thermal-mismatches [7], are also considered as the important factors to the interface degradation.Epoxy/glass interfacial debonding can be introduced near PTHs by thermal cycling [8]. The interfacial debonding between glass fibers and the epoxy matrix near PTHs accelerates the electromigration process. In order to study the interfacial debonding mechanisms, thermal cycling tests of PWBs were conducted and the dynamic process of interfacial debonding was characterized using environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). This paper presents the experimental results with discussion of the possible interfacial debonding mechanisms.

scholarly journals Water Absorption Behaviour of Epoxy/Acrylated Epoxidized Palm Oil (AEPO) Reinforced Hybrid Kenaf/Glass Fiber Montmorillonite (HMT) Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 2080 (1) ◽  
pp. 012013
Author(s):  
Rohani Mustapha ◽  
Siti Noor Hidayah Mustapha ◽  
M. J Suriani ◽  
C. M. Ruzaidi ◽  
M Awang
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Glass Composites ◽  
Epoxidized Palm Oil ◽  
Kenaf Fibers

Abstract The use of fiber-reinforced vegetable oil - polymer composites has increased in various technical fields. However, the long-term operating performance of these materials is still not well understood, limiting the development of these composites. In this study, the water absorption performance of hybrid composites, which consist of kenaf fiber and glass fiber as reinforcement, epoxy resin and acrylated epoxidized palm oil (AEPO) as a matrix, and montmorillonite (MMT) nano clays as a filler was evaluated with the function of different fibers layering order. The hand lay-up method is used to produce the composites with the variable number of kenaf fibers and glass fibers layer sequences. The water absorption kinetics of epoxy/AEPO reinforced hybrid kenaf/glass fiber-filled MMT composites are described in this paper. It has been observed that the water absorption rate of the composites depends on the fiber layering sequences. The alternative sequence of Glass-Kenaf-Kenaf-Glass and Kenaf-Glass-Kenaf-Glass composites layers exhibited the lowest moisture absorption rates of 7.61% and 7.63%, respectively.

Water Absorption and Thickness Swelling of Laminated Composite after Cured at Different Angle

2013 ◽  
Vol 465-466 ◽  
pp. 86-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Yuhazri bin Yaakob ◽  
T.T.T. Jennise ◽  
H. Sihombing ◽  
N. Mohamad ◽  
S.H. Yahaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Laminated Composite ◽  
High Water ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Gravity Effects ◽  
Materials Used

Moisture absorption is a very important factor in polymers and composite materials used for hull manufacture and stability in marine environment. High water absorption of the material will affects the mechanical properties and stability in composite. This research is carried out to study the feasibility of the gravity effects on curing position of the laminated composite structures to enhance the curing space needed. Vertical cured laminate having almost similar properties with common horizontal cured laminate able to save much space in composite industry. Horizontal cured laminates filled up spaces in which SMI lack of. Polyesters and E-glass fibers were used as the raw material in this research. Vacuum bagging technique was used to suck out the excess resin during lay-up to avoid any voids and air inside laminate and cured at different angle position in room temperature for 24 hours. Seven samples of laminated composite were fabricated and cut into specific dimension in accordance to ASTM standard. This paper will discuss about the investigation on the water absorption and thickness swelling of the thermosetting laminated composite by curing the laminate at different angle using vacuum bagging technique. From the testing, SN6 and SN7 shows to have good water resistant in physical properties.

Synthesis and Wear Characterization of Reinforced Glass Fiber Polymer Composites with Epoxy Resin Using Granite Powder

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nallusamy ◽  
A. Karthikeyan
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Granite Powder

Recent research scenario reveals that the amalgamations of micro and nanoceramic fillers into fiber reinforced polymer composites have improved their performances in an excellent manner. In this research work, an investigation was attempted at in analyzing the wear behavior of glass fiber reinforced with epoxy resin using granite powder as a filler material in varying weight percentage ranging from 0-5%. Structural morphology of the prepared laminates was studied using SEM. Epoxy resin which was taken as matrix material was reinforced with a combination of chopped and woven roving mat glass fibers. Pin on disc method was applied for completing the wear test at different constraints of load, sliding distance and velocity for the investigation. Influence of granite powder in the composite was synthesized by calculating the specific wear rate and weight loss occurring at varying speed and normal load were applied on it. On examining by SEM worn surface wear rate of the prepared laminate at 5 wt% of granite provided better wear resistance as compared to other compositions and characterizations of worn surfaces.

scholarly journals Influence of the Quantity of Water Absorption in the Mechanical Properties of Jute Fiber and Glass Fiber Composites

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Medeiros Dantas ◽  
Raimundo Carlos Silverio Freire Júnior ◽  
Jayna Kátia Dionisio dos Santos ◽  
Camilla Cruz da Silva ◽  
Elmo Thiago Lins Cöuras Ford
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Jute Fiber ◽  
Plant Fibers ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Glass Fiber Composites ◽  
Polyester Matrix ◽  
The One

The use of plant fibers as reinforcement in composites with the aim of totally or partially replacing synthetic fibers has received significant attention in the last years. However, one of the disadvantages of the use of these fibers in polymeric composites is associated to the fact that they are hydrophilic, resulting in poor adhesion with most matrices when in the presence of moisture. In addition, another problem encountered is the lower strength of this type of fiber and, as a solution to minimize these problems, the composite can be hybridized by adding layers of natural and synthetic fibers and the use of resin protection along the thickness of the composite. (Lateral protection) to reduce moisture absorption by the laminate. The objective of this work is to obtain composites formed by five layers of reinforcement and terephthalic polyester matrix, one of which is reinforced only with short glass fiber-E blanket, another reinforced only with jute fiber and a third hybrid containing the fibers. Two types of reinforcements with interlayer layers. Afterwards, the loss of mechanical properties was observed when these materials were immersed in distilled water, with and without lateral protection, until reaching saturation. We evaluated parameters such as the influence of configuration type and environmental conditions, such as the amount of water absorption. The obtained results show that the hybrid composite obtained a behavior close to the composite containing only fiberglass, and better than the one containing only jute fiber and that the absorption was smaller in the samples with side protection.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF SOME MECHANICAL PROPERTIES FOR NATURAL (EGGSHELL) AND INDUSTRIAL (CALCIUM CARBONATE) MATERIAL / REINFORCED WITH GLASS FIBER WITH POLYMER COMPOSITE

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (06) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Marwah Subhi Attallah ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Carbonate Material ◽  
The Mean

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the influence of adding eggshell and calcium carbonate powder reinforced with glass fibers and epoxy resin. Hand Lay-upimethod was utilized for the preparation of samples from epoxyiresin as a matrix material with (6%weight fraction chopped glass fiber) and (2%,4%, 6% & 8% weight fraction eggshell, CaCO3 powder) as filler material . The tensile and impact properties are tested for the specimens containing calcium carbonate and eggshell powder reinfoced with glass fiber and epoxy resins, also the result analyzed by (SPSS) to determine the specimens have best mechanical properties. The mean particle size analyzer of the eggshell powder and calcium carbonate powder were (12.6µm, 0.4-1µm) respectively. The results showed that the mean values of tensile test, modulus of elasticity, impact strength and fracture toughness (247.50,222.00MPa) (8.450,7.500 GPa) (8.150, 7.500K.J/m2) (9.1675 , 7.8345 MPa.m1/2) respectively increased with the addition (6% glass fiber+8%CaCO2, eggshell), while the mean values of the elongation percentage at break (%) decrease with the addition (6% glass fiber+8%CaCO2). The SPSS statistical shown the values was significantly increased whenever the value (Sig < 0.05).

scholarly journals Effects of Different Types of Fibers on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of MICP-Treated Calcareous Sand

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Jitong Zhao ◽  
Huawei Tong ◽  
Yi Shan ◽  
Jie Yuan ◽  
Qiuwang Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polyester Fiber ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Calcite Precipitation ◽  
Calcareous Sand ◽  
Hemp Fiber

Microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) has been a promising method to improve geotechnical engineering properties through the precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) on the contact and surface of soil particles in recent years. In the present experiment, water absorption and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests were carried out to investigate the effects of three different fiber types (glass fiber, polyester fiber, and hemp fiber) on the physical and mechanical properties of MICP-treated calcareous sand. The fibers used were at 0%, 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20%, 0.25%, 0.30%, 0.35%, and 0.40% relative to the weight of the sand. The results showed that the failure strain and ductility of the samples could be improved by adding fibers. Compared to biocemented sand (BS), the water absorption of these three fiber-reinforced biocemented sands were, respectively, decreased by 11.60%, 21.18%, and 7.29%. UCS was, respectively, increased by 24.20%, 60.76%, and 6.40%. Polyester fiber produced the best effect, followed by glass fiber and hemp fiber. The optimum contents of glass fiber and polyester fiber were 0.20% and 0.25%, respectively. The optimum content of hemp fiber was within the range of 0.20–0.25%. Light-emitting diode (LED) microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images lead to the conclusion that only a little calcite precipitation had occurred around the hemp fiber, leading to a poor bonding effect compared to the glass and polyester fibers. It was therefore suggested that polyester fiber should be used to improve the properties of biocemented sand.

Quasi-static penetration behavior of fiber-reinforced polypropylene and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene matrix composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 089270572110079
Author(s):  
Ali İmran Ayten
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Aramid Fabric ◽  
Penetration Behavior ◽  
Fiber Fabric ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

The quasi-static punch shear behaviors of thermoplastic composites with different polymer matrices and fiber types were investigated. This study was also focused on how much energy absorption capability can be increased by low fiber fractions. Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MA-g-PP) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (MA-g-ABS) were used as the matrix material. One layer of aramid, carbon and glass fiber plain weave fabrics was used as the reinforcement material. Quasi-static punch shear test (QS-PST) was applied to the samples to understand the penetration behavior of the samples. The damaged areas were investigated and related to force-displacement curves. The results showed that the neat form of MA-g-PP exhibited 158% more energy absorption than the neat form of MA-g-ABS. In the samples containing one layer of fabric, the highest improvement was observed in the aramid fabric-reinforced MA-g-ABS matrix composites. Aramid fabric increased the energy absorption at a rate of 142.3% in comparison to the neat MA-g-ABS, while carbon fiber fabric and glass fiber fabric increased it by 40% and 63.52%, respectively. Aramid fiber fabric provided no significant improvement in the energy absorption in the MA-g-PP matrix composites, while carbon and glass fiber fabrics contributed to energy absorption at a rate of 48% and 41%, respectively.

scholarly journals The Mechanical Properties and Damage Evolution of UHPC Reinforced with Glass Fibers and High-Performance Polypropylene Fibers

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2455
Author(s):  
Jiayuan He ◽  
Weizhen Chen ◽  
Boshan Zhang ◽  
Jiangjiang Yu ◽  
Hang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Damage Evolution ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Ultra High Performance Concrete ◽  
Concrete Damaged Plasticity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Values

Due to the sharp and corrosion-prone features of steel fibers, there is a demand for ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) reinforced with nonmetallic fibers. In this paper, glass fiber (GF) and the high-performance polypropylene (HPP) fiber were selected to prepare UHPC, and the effects of different fibers on the compressive, tensile and bending properties of UHPC were investigated, experimentally and numerically. Then, the damage evolution of UHPC was further studied numerically, adopting the concrete damaged plasticity (CDP) model. The difference between the simulation values and experimental values was within 5.0%, verifying the reliability of the numerical model. The results indicate that 2.0% fiber content in UHPC provides better mechanical properties. In addition, the glass fiber was more significant in strengthening the effect. Compared with HPP-UHPC, the compressive, tensile and flexural strength of GF-UHPC increased by about 20%, 30% and 40%, respectively. However, the flexural toughness indexes I5, I10 and I20 of HPP-UHPC were about 1.2, 2.0 and 3.8 times those of GF-UHPC, respectively, showing that the toughening effect of the HPP fiber is better.

scholarly journals A Fatigue Damage Model for Life Prediction of Injection-Molded Short Glass Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2250
Author(s):  
Mohammad Amjadi ◽  
Ali Fatemi
Keyword(s):  
Injection Molding ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Life Prediction ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Damage Model ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Short Glass Fiber ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Short Glass

Short glass fiber-reinforced (SGFR) thermoplastics are used in many industries manufactured by injection molding which is the most common technique for polymeric parts production. Glass fibers are commonly used as the reinforced material with thermoplastics and injection molding. In this paper, a critical plane-based fatigue damage model is proposed for tension–tension or tension–compression fatigue life prediction of SGFR thermoplastics considering fiber orientation and mean stress effects. Temperature and frequency effects were also included by applying the proposed damage model into a general fatigue model. Model predictions are presented and discussed by comparing with the experimental data from the literature.

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