Numerical modeling of fault structures in the Kurai basin of Gorny Altai based on data from direct current methods

Abstract The southern site is located in the junction zone of the Southwestern and Eshtykel bench, where vertical electrical soundings were performed, and a preliminary fault-block depth model was built based on the results of field data interpretation using a horizontally layered model. Comparison of geoelectric and seismological data showed that the epicenters of significant earthquakes (M> 4) are concentrated in the identified faults. In the central site, three profiles of electrotomography were made through a bench, well expressed in the relief. Three-dimensional modeling was used to verify and clarify the structural features of both sections. Modeling is performed using programs EMF_DC3Dmod (GPU) - an accelerated version of the program EMF_DC3Dmod for vertical electrical sounding and SCALA-48 (GPU) for the method of electrotomography. The study is relevant for the tasks of geodynamics, seismic zoning and seismic hazard assessment.

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Structural features of the fly chromatin colors revealed by automatic three-dimensional modeling.

10.1101/036764 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

François Serra ◽

Davide Baù ◽

Guillaume Filion ◽

Marc A. Marti-Renom

Keyword(s):

Spatial Organization ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Structural Features ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Chromosome Conformation ◽

Three Dimensional Modeling ◽

Genomic Technologies ◽

A Genome ◽

Contact Data ◽

Three Dimensional Models

The sequence of a genome is insufficient to understand all genomic processes carried out in the cell nucleus. To achieve this, the knowledge of its three- dimensional architecture is necessary. Advances in genomic technologies and the development of new analytical methods, such as Chromosome Conformation Capture (3C) and its derivatives, now permit to investigate the spatial organization of genomes. However, inferring structures from raw contact data is a tedious process for shortage of available tools. Here we present TADbit, a computational framework to analyze and model the chromatin fiber in three dimensions. To illustrate the use of TADbit, we automatically modeled 50 genomic domains from the fly genome revealing differential structural features of the previously defined chromatin colors, establishing a link between the conformation of the genome and the local chromatin composition. More generally, TADbit allows to obtain three-dimensional models ready for visualization from 3C-based experiments and to characterize their relation to gene expression and epigenetic states. TADbit is open-source and available for download from http://www.3DGenomes.org.

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Correlation of vertical electrical sounding and borehole-log data for delineation of saltwater and freshwater aquifers

Geophysics ◽

10.1190/1.2169847 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. G11-G20 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

G. K. Hodlur ◽

Ratnakar Dhakate ◽

Rolland Andrade

Keyword(s):

Cost Effective ◽

Data Interpretation ◽

Quantitative Relation ◽

Well Log ◽

Log Data ◽

Resistivity Data ◽

Electrical Sounding ◽

Electrical Soundings ◽

Longitudinal Unit Conductance ◽

Freshwater Aquifers

In a case history from the Mahanadi basin (India), we demonstrate the use of resistivity data from electric-log soundings and from borehole logs to discriminate between saltwater and freshwater aquifers. We use interpreted data from eight surface-based vertical electrical soundings (VES) and electric well logs from three boreholes in this study. We establish a quantitative relation among longitudinal unit conductance S (obtained from VES), water resistivity [Formula: see text], and layer thickness h. We show that ambiguities in resistivity data interpretation limit its ability to distinguish between freshwater and saltwater aquifers. Electric well-log data interpretation is much more accurate but requires boreholes, which are not cost effective when exploring for groundwater. Integrating well-log-based estimates of [Formula: see text] into resistivity interpretation of surface-based soundings improves its ability to discriminate freshwater aquifers while maintaining cost-effective exploration.

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Delineation of Near-Surface Structural Features Suitable for Groundwater Accommodation Using 1-D and 2-D Resistivity Methods in Igarra, Akoko-Edo, Southwestern Nigeria

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management ◽

10.4314/jasem.v24i7.13 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (7) ◽

pp. 1209-1215

Author(s):

A.S. Salami ◽

E.M. Babafemi

Keyword(s):

Data Interpretation ◽

Structural Features ◽

Vertical Electrical Sounding ◽

Small Scale ◽

Southwestern Nigeria ◽

Structural Domains ◽

Near Surface ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Electrical Sounding ◽

Two Stages

Electrical resistivity methods using dipole-dipole and Schlumberger configurations of Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) were carried out to evaluate the near-surface structural and lithological features suitable for groundwater development in parts of Igarra, Southwestern Nigeria. Two profiles with lengths of greater than 350m were carried out. A total of fifteen sounding locations along the profile lines were occupied. Dipole-dipole data were interpreted using DiprofWin software while interpretation of the VES data followed two stages of qualitative and quantitative data interpretation using Resist software. Dipole-dipole interpretation results indicate the occurrence of local fractures while VES interpretation results reveal the typical basement rock profile ranging from topsoil, lateritic sand, weathered front, fractured to fresh basement. The significant variations in terms of persistence and thicknesses of these basement vertical rock profiles were revealed by the geoelectrical correlation panels, which indicate typical basement inhomogeneities over short distances. The local structural domains, the weathered front (where thick) and the fractured basement are demonstrably potential sources of groundwater, at least for domestic and small scale enterprises in this part of Igarra. Keywords: 2-D Pseudosection, Dipole-dipole, Fracture Basement, Vertical Electrical Sounding

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DEEP STRUCTURE OF THE FAULT ZONE IN THE MUKHOR-TARKATA SITE OF THE CHUYA DEPRESSION ACCORDING TO NON-STATIONARY ELECTROMAGNETIC SOUNDING DATA USING THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING

GEOLOGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES OF SIBERIA ◽

10.20403/2078-0575-2021-2-67-73 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 67-73

Author(s):

A. M. Sanchaa ◽

◽

N. N. Nevedrova ◽

N. V. Shtabel ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fault Zone ◽

Time Domain ◽

Deep Structure ◽

Near Field ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Structural Features ◽

Electromagnetic Sounding ◽

Three Dimensional Modeling ◽

Dimensional Modeling ◽

Time Domain Electromagnetic

The paper presents the results of three-dimensional modeling of the fault structure in the central part of the Chuya depression in Gornyi Altai within the Mukhor-Tarkhata plot. On this site, from 2004 to the present, researchers of the IPGG SB RAS have been conducting regular annual observations by the method of nearfield time-domain electromagnetic sounding (TSB) to observe the process of restoration of the geological environment after the catastrophic Chuya earthquake with a magnitude of 7.3 in 2003. One of the aftereffects of the destructive earthquake is fracture zones expressed on the surface. Numerous deformations of the surface and industrial objects are observed in the area of the Mukhor-Tarkhata village. The fault zone with sub-vertical fracturing, identified at the site by geological and electromagnetic data, was activated after the earthquake. Detailed data on the geoelectric structure are required for the interpretation and analysis of monitoring data. Based on the interpretation of the near-field time-domain electromagnetic sounding data, the deep structure of the fault zone was obtained. To verify and clarify structural features of the geoelectric model, three-dimensional modeling was performed.

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A Novel Mercuric Reductase from the Unique Deep Brine Environment of Atlantis II in the Red Sea

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1074/jbc.m113.493429 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 289 (3) ◽

pp. 1675-1687 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Ahmed Sayed ◽

Mohamed A. Ghazy ◽

Ari J. S. Ferreira ◽

João C. Setubal ◽

Felipe S. Chambergo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Red Sea ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Structural Features ◽

Amino Acid Sequences ◽

Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽

Mercuric Reductase ◽

Three Dimensional Modeling ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Convective Layer

A unique combination of physicochemical conditions prevails in the lower convective layer (LCL) of the brine pool at Atlantis II (ATII) Deep in the Red Sea. With a maximum depth of over 2000 m, the pool is characterized by acidic pH (5.3), high temperature (68 °C), salinity (26%), low light levels, anoxia, and high concentrations of heavy metals. We have established a metagenomic dataset derived from the microbial community in the LCL, and here we describe a gene for a novel mercuric reductase, a key component of the bacterial detoxification system for mercuric and organomercurial species. The metagenome-derived gene and an ortholog from an uncultured soil bacterium were synthesized and expressed in Escherichia coli. The properties of their products show that, in contrast to the soil enzyme, the ATII-LCL mercuric reductase is functional in high salt, stable at high temperatures, resistant to high concentrations of Hg2+, and efficiently detoxifies Hg2+in vivo. Interestingly, despite the marked functional differences between the orthologs, their amino acid sequences differ by less than 10%. Site-directed mutagenesis and kinetic analysis of the mutant enzymes, in conjunction with three-dimensional modeling, have identified distinct structural features that contribute to extreme halophilicity, thermostability, and high detoxification capacity, suggesting that these were acquired independently during the evolution of this enzyme. Thus, our work provides fundamental structural insights into a novel protein that has undergone multiple biochemical and biophysical adaptations to promote the survival of microorganisms that reside in the extremely demanding environment of the ATII-LCL.

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High resolution seismic refraction data interpretation: an example from Xiakou landslide, Sichuan, China

Journal of Nepal Geological Society ◽

10.3126/jngs.v19i0.32090 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

Author(s):

Surendra Raj Pant ◽

T. Li ◽

A. Wagner ◽

Fu Wei Yi ◽

Cao Jiaman

Keyword(s):

Seismic Waves ◽

Seismic Refraction ◽

Data Interpretation ◽

Velocity Inversion ◽

Electrical Sounding ◽

Electrical Soundings ◽

Conventional Methods ◽

Thick Overburden ◽

Seismic Refraction Data ◽

Landslide Zone

Among several data processing and interpretation techniques available in seismic refraction, the Generalised Reciprocal Method (GRM) is now widely used. In the thick landslide zone of Xiakou, Sichuan, China, the depths to bedrock obtained from the conventional refraction interpretation by the Plus-Minus Method (Method t0) differed considerably from the results of electrical soundings and drilling. The conventional methods were not able to accommodate to the more likely geological situations (i.e. undetected layers and velocity inversion) in a thick landslide zone. Thicker the overburden more the variation occurred between the results of the GRM and conventional methods. The velocity of seismic waves in the refractor calculated by the Plus-Minus Method was also affected significantly from the bedrock topography. After applying the GRM, the calculated depths were found to be very near to those of the drilling and electrical sounding. The GRM also revealed that the changes in refractor velocity (recorded by conventional methods) were fictitious. The fictitious changes in refractor velocity were caused by the target refractor topography and surface topography. In this paper two profiles are taken for discussion. The profile B-B' represents a case of thick overburden (more than 30 m) whereas the profile D-D' is taken from a thin overburden (less than 15 m) above the target refractor.

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High Resolution Microscopy of Multi-Layered Biological Crystals

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010005319x ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 80-83

Author(s):

H.A. Cohen ◽

T.W. Jeng ◽

W. Chiu

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Low Dose ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Data Interpretation ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Biological Objects ◽

Density Maps ◽

Density Map ◽

Complex Crystal ◽

High Resolution Microscopy

This tutorial will discuss the methodology of low dose electron diffraction and imaging of crystalline biological objects, the problems of data interpretation for two-dimensional projected density maps of glucose embedded protein crystals, the factors to be considered in combining tilt data from three-dimensional crystals, and finally, the prospects of achieving a high resolution three-dimensional density map of a biological crystal. This methodology will be illustrated using two proteins under investigation in our laboratory, the T4 DNA helix destabilizing protein gp32*I and the crotoxin complex crystal.

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Methods for making stereoslides and -prints, with freeze-etched olfactory epithelium as example

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100113408 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 704-705

Author(s):

Bert Ph. M. Menco ◽

Ido F. Menco ◽

Frans L.T. Verdonk

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Olfactory Epithelium ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Supporting Cell ◽

Structural Features ◽

Extensive Study ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Freezing Method ◽

Respiratory Epithelia ◽

Three Dimensional Presentation

Previously we presented an extensive study of the distributions of intramembranous particles of structures in apical surfaces of nasal olfactory and respiratory epithelia of the Sprague-Dawley rat. For the same structures these distributions were compared in samples which were i) chemically fixed and cryo-protected with glycerol before cryo-fixation, after excision, and ii)ultra-rapidly frozen by means of the slam-freezing method. Since a three-dimensional presentation markedly improves visualization of structural features micrographs were presented as stereopairs. Two exposures were made by tiling the sample stage of the electron microscope 6° in either direction with an eucentric goniometer. The negatives (Agfa Pan 25 Professional) were reversed with Kodak Technical Pan Film 2415 developed in D76 1:1. The prints were made from these reversed negatives. As an example tight-junctional features of an olfactory supporting cell in a region where this cell conjoined with two other cells are presented (Fig. 1).

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