scholarly journals Delineation of Near-Surface Structural Features Suitable for Groundwater Accommodation Using 1-D and 2-D Resistivity Methods in Igarra, Akoko-Edo, Southwestern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1209-1215
Author(s):  
A.S. Salami ◽  
E.M. Babafemi
Keyword(s):  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Vertical Electrical Sounding ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Structural Domains ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Electrical Sounding ◽  
Two Stages

Electrical resistivity methods using dipole-dipole and Schlumberger configurations of Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) were carried out to evaluate the near-surface structural and lithological features suitable for groundwater development in parts of Igarra, Southwestern Nigeria. Two profiles with lengths of greater than 350m were carried out. A total of fifteen sounding locations along the profile lines were occupied. Dipole-dipole data were interpreted using DiprofWin software while interpretation of the VES data followed two stages of qualitative and quantitative data  interpretation using Resist software. Dipole-dipole interpretation results indicate the occurrence of local fractures while VES interpretation results reveal the typical basement rock profile ranging from topsoil, lateritic sand, weathered front, fractured to fresh basement. The significant variations in terms of persistence and thicknesses of these basement vertical rock profiles were revealed by the geoelectrical correlation panels, which indicate typical basement inhomogeneities over short distances. The local structural domains, the weathered front (where thick) and the fractured basement are demonstrably potential sources of groundwater, at least for domestic and small scale enterprises in this part of Igarra. Keywords: 2-D Pseudosection, Dipole-dipole, Fracture Basement, Vertical Electrical Sounding

scholarly journals Aeromagnetic and electrical resistivity mapping for groundwater development around Ilesha schist belt, southwestern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyril Chibueze Okpoli ◽  
Blessing omobolanle Akinbulejo
Keyword(s):  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Groundwater Potential ◽  
Vertical Electrical Sounding ◽  
Groundwater Prospect ◽  
Lineament Density ◽  
Geological Structures ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
High Tendency ◽  
Electrical Sounding ◽  
Image Enhancing

AbstractAeromagnetic and vertical electrical sounding around Ijano, southwestern Nigeria, was investigated for groundwater potential. Aeromagnetic dataset and vertical electrical sounding were acquired and used to investigate the study area. Oasis Montaj, Microsoft Excel and Arc GIS were used to present the results in maps, images and profiles. In order to map out the geological structures of the study area, magnetic image enhancing filters applied to the total magnetic intensity using Geosoft (Oasis Montaj) are reduction to equator, vertical derivative, total horizontal derivative and upward continuation. These filters helped define the lithological boundaries, geological structures, faults, folds and contacts. The lineament of aeromagnetic map was generated from derived field intensity gradients and solutions of Euler deconvolution carried out on the aeromagnetic data using structural index of 0.5 and 1. The processed image shows the lineaments trends majorly towards NE–SW directions. From these combined results of the study area, consistent aeromagnetic lineament map was generated showing the probable positions and trends of the suspected fractured/faulted zone as well as other basement structures. Hydro-lineament density maps based on lineament were produced from the generalized structure trends in the area. The result from the depth sounding data interpretation indicates three curve types which are H, HA and KH, where curve type H has the highest occurrence. The results from the vertical electrical sounding data revealed that the areas with the highest hydro-lineament density are good for groundwater prospect and development. The study has led to the delineation of areas where groundwater occurrences are most promising for sustainable supply, suggesting that an area with high concentrations of lineament density has a high tendency for groundwater prospecting. The results from the study show that the aeromagnetic technique is capable of extracting lineament trends in an inaccessible tropical forest.

scholarly journals Modeling of Groundwater Potential Using Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and Multi-caterial Analysis at Omitogun Housing Estate, Akure, Southwestern Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Adebo A. Babatunde ◽  
Ilugbo Stephen Olubusola ◽  
Oladetan Folorunso Emmanuel
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Groundwater Potential ◽  
Vertical Electrical Sounding ◽  
Groundwater Prospect ◽  
Groundwater Potential Zones ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Potential Map ◽  
Electrical Sounding ◽  
Groundwater Potential Map

A geoelectric investigation of groundwater prospect at Omitogun Estate, along Benin/Ilesha express way Akure, within the basement complex of southwestern Nigeria was carried out with a view to providing information on the geoelectric characteristic of the subsurface sequence, bedrock topography, subsurface structural features and their hydrogeologic significance, in order to identify aquifer units and determine possible areas for groundwater potential zones. The study involved the use of Schlumberger vertical electrical sounding data at thirty (30) stations. The vertical electrical sounding data presented as field curves were interpreted quantitatively by partial curve matching method and computer iteration technique. Fracture resistivity map, aquifer resistivity map, aquifer thickness map and overburden thickness map were generated from the results. Groundwater potential map was also generated from the integration of these maps using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). The study area has been classified into low, medium, high groundwater potential zones and the results from well data across the entire study area were used to validate the accuracy of the groundwater potential map. From the results obtained, it could be concluded that the study area is generalized to be of low groundwater potential.  

scholarly journals Exploration for limestone deposit at Onigbedu, South–Western Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-150
Author(s):  
Kayode F. Oyedele ◽  
Sunday Oladele ◽  
Charles A. Emakpor
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Vertical Electrical Sounding ◽  
Aeromagnetic Data ◽  
Overburden Thickness ◽  
Electrical Sounding ◽  
Schlumberger Array ◽  
Lithological Unit

Abstract The Onigbedu limestone deposit was investigated using the aeromagnetic data, resistivity soundings and borings with the aim of characterizing the limestone deposit and estimating its reserves. The subsurface structural features and depth to basement were identified with the analysis of aeromagnetic data. Twenty nine boreholes were drilled for subsurface appraisal and correlation of the limestone deposit. Eighty nine Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) were acquired using the Schlumberger array. The results showed NE-SW trending lineaments that segmented the limestone. Depth to basement varied from 144.2 m to 1090 m. The VES results showed four to six layers indicating the topsoil (7-315 Ωm), clay (2-25 Ωm), shale (6-31 Ωm), limestone (20-223 Ωm), sandstone (>200 Ωm) and sandy materials. The VES results correlated well with the lithological unit delineated from the borehole. The overburden thickness ranged from 3.3 m to 28 m, while the limestone thickness varies between 18.1 m and 48.3 m. The limestone reserve was estimated at 1.9 × 109 t. This study concluded that the study area had vast occurrence of the limestone deposits, which would be of economic importance, if exploited.

Investigating aquifer structure in a low-latitude crystalline basement complex of southwestern Nigeria using radial vertical electrical sounding

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moruffdeen Adedapo Adabanija ◽  
Lanre Lateef Kolawole ◽  
Adegoke Olukayode Afolabi ◽  
Olawale Olakunle Osinowo
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Basement ◽  
Vertical Electrical Sounding ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Basement Complex ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Electrical Sounding

scholarly journals Geological and hydrogeological concepts in the interpretation of electrical sounding: an example from Xiakou Landslide, Yaan City area, Sichuan, China

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surendra Raj Pant ◽  
A. Wagner ◽  
T. Li ◽  
Fu Wei Yi
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Rock Mass ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Vertical Electrical Sounding ◽  
Drill Core ◽  
Hydrogeological Condition ◽  
City Area ◽  
Electrical Sounding

Due to unfavorable geological and hydrogeological condition the electrical resistivity data interpretation even from a small area such as a landslide can be affected. However, good results can be achieved by using geological and hydrogeological concept during modeling. The outputs of this work are based on the concepts prepared during qualitative analysis. After the modeling of the sounding curves by using geological and hydrogeological concepts the results were found surprisingly good than the results without concepts. Furthermore, there is a comparison between the vertical electrical sounding (VES) modeling results and drillhole information. It shows that VES modeling results provide better assessment of the rock mass in the subsurface than the drill core interpretation only.

scholarly journals Groundwater Prospecting Using Combined Vertical Electrical Sounding and Borehole Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.O Oyegoke ◽  
A.S Adebanjo ◽  
O.O Fayomi ◽  
O. Obot
Keyword(s):  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Pumping Test ◽  
Vertical Electrical Sounding ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Current Electrode ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Weathered Layer ◽  
Electrical Sounding

This study aimed to determine the prospect of groundwater in Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti(ABUAD); result of which will inform of the possibility of getting sufficient water underground. Geophysical survey was carried out in the study area and complemented with performance of an existing borehole. The survey involved 1-D Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) utilizing the Schlumberger electrode array with half-current electrode separation (AB/2) that ranged from 1m to 50m. The VES data interpretation involved partial curve matching and computer assisted 1-D forward modeling using IPI 2 WIN software. The results showed the subsurface to have 3-layer earth strata comprising of sandy-clay top soil up to 3.26m deep, weathered/fractured basement in the next 9.06m depth and then, the fresh basement with the weathered layer constituting the main aquifer unit. The resistivity values of the weathered and fractured basement are 174 and 192 ohmm indicating relatively low potential for groundwater resource. Pumping test on a nearby borehole gave specific capacity of 7.95m2/day which depicts a low to intermediate transmissivity conforming to the VES.

scholarly journals Geoelectrical and Microbial Assessment of the Agbarho Abattoir Effluent on Ground Water Quality in Agbarho Community, Delta State

2020 ◽  
pp. 3739-3748
Author(s):  
V.B. Olaseni ◽  
Y.S. Onifade ◽  
S.A. Adeleye ◽  
V.A. Ogah
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Vertical Electrical Sounding ◽  
World Health ◽  
Electrode Spacing ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Low Resistivity ◽  
Lateral Distance ◽  
Electrical Sounding

The effluence of Agbarho abattoir wastes and animals’ dung on near surface groundwater quality was geoelectrically investigated using 2-Dimensional Electrical Resistivity by engaging Wenner array configuration using PASI-16GL Terrameter. Four traverses of lateral distance of 50m with 2.5m electrode spacing were gotten from the study area and the acquired data was processed and inverted using RES2DINV software so as to delineate the trend of migration of contaminants. Borehole-water samples were collected within the study area for both physiochemical and microbiological analyzes while the depth of aquifer (groundwater) was determined by employing Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES). The 2-Dimensional Inversion model for traverse 1 and 2 revealed a low resistivity value of 0.445Ωm and 2.53Ωm respectively and this occurred at the top soil. Also, the low resistivity value of 0.319Ωm in traverse 3 was indicated in the second layer at the lateral distance between 15m to 35m and at the depth of 6.22m. The model in traverse 4 revealed low resistivity value of 0.374Ωm from the top layer down to the fourth layer at the depth of 9.8m. These low resistivity values indicate high conductivity of bacterial and algae of the animal waste and this can be attributed to the presence of suspected contaminants plume of the abattoir. The depth of aquifer revealed by Vertical Electrical Sounding was 8.9m which is in third layer and the lithology was found to be as fine sand. All physiochemical results including pH value which is 5.1 (acidic in nature) fell below the permissible limit of World Health Organization (WHO). The microbial result showed the total coliform count value as 70 cfu/ml which is not in-line with WHO standard. In conclusion, the study showed that the contaminant exists and pose threat to groundwater in the study area.

scholarly journals Spatial Resistivity Mapping of Ureje Dam Floor, Southwestern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-255
Author(s):  
J.O. Fatoba ◽  
A.B. Eluwole ◽  
O.A. Sanuade ◽  
M.T. Aroyehun
Keyword(s):  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Geophysical Investigation ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Water Storage Capacity ◽  
Fractured Bedrock ◽  
Resistivity Method ◽  
Cumulative Response ◽  
Weathered Layer ◽  
Electrical Sounding

AbstractUreje Dam, Ado-Ekiti has witnessed drastic reduction in the water storage capacity of its reservoir. It became imperative to determine the possible cause(s) of the reduction in storage capacity. Geophysical investigation involving the vertical electrical sounding technique of the electrical resistivity method was conducted in the upstream part of the dam. Five lithologic units that include the mud/suspended materials, such as sandy clay, clay, weathered/fractured bedrock and fresh bedrock, were delineated. The respective resistivity and thickness range of the units are 2–19 ohm-m; 147–206 ohm-m, 2–38 ohm-m; 47–236 ohm-m and 455–1516 ohm-m and 0.4–1.9 m; 0.5–2.5 m; 1.0–12.2 m; 7.3–16.4 m and ∞. The thickness of suspended materials, resistivity/thickness of weathered layer and the presence of near-surface impervious layer were used as the main indices for the spatial demarcation of the dam axis in terms of vulnerability to loss of impounded water. Using the cumulative response of the indices, the study concluded that the eastern to southeastern parts of the dam axis showed the highest indications of vulnerability to loss of impounded water.

scholarly journals Geophysical investigation of foundation failure at Medina Estate, Lagos, Southwestern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
M.A. Oladunjoye ◽  
K.O. Adejato ◽  
A.O. Ogunkoya
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Well Logs ◽  
Vertical Electrical Sounding ◽  
Peat Layer ◽  
Geophysical Investigation ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Electrical Sounding ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Low Amplitude ◽  
Foundation Failure

Integrated geophysical investigation involving Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and Electrical Resistivity methods were carried out at Medina Estate, Lagos southwestern Nigeria to map the subsurface lithology in order to delineate its peat stratigraphy that has been causing foundation failure in the area. Twenty-one traverses (varying from 35-880 m in length) of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey were conducted along the streets of Medina trending NE-SW and NW-SE directions using the Mala 250 MHZ bi-static shielded antenna. Thirty-six Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) were carried out using Schlumberger electrode array at some selected points along the established traverses within the area. The GPR data were processed into radar section using Rad Explorer software. The VES data were interpreted quantitatively using the partial curve matching method and 1-D forward modeling with Win Resist Software. Available litho-logs from boreholes drilled within the area were compared with the geophysical results.  Results of the GPR survey delineated three geologic layers which include the topsoil with high amplitude, parallel to sub parallel, horizontal reflections, with thickness varying from 1 to 2 m across the entire profiles and composed of lateritic clay; peat layer with low amplitude, parallel sinuous/wavy reflections with depth of occurrence ranging from 2.0 to 8 m and clay with low amplitude, planar, horizontal, sub-parallel reflections underlying the peat layer. Vertical Electrical Sounding results revealed the presence of three geological layers which are the topsoil, peat and clay and sandy clay with layer resistivity values ranging from 20- 225 Ωm, 5 – 90 Ωm and 36 to 366 Ωm and thickness values ranging from 0.5 – 2 m, 4.0-29.0 m and infinity respectively. Borehole information confirms the occurrence of shallow peat with depth ranging from 1.5 to 9 m and clay layer with depth ranging from 9 to 21 m beneath the area. The GPR survey results correlates with the well logs acquired in the study area. Based on the correlation of the geophysical results with the well logs, the GPR gives better information about the peat layer compared to the Electrical ResistivityMethod. The information obtained from this study shows that the soils at shallow depth are organic soils which are difficult foundation materials because they exhibit very high compressibility, as such making shallow foundation impossible except some form of soil improvement is carried out. The alternative approach is the adoption of deep foundations in form of piles. Keywords: Foundation Failure, Geophysical Investigation, Ground Penetrating Radar, Vertical Electrical Sounding, Peat.

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