High-zinc rice as a breakthrough for high nutritional rice breeding program

An accelerated rice-breeding program was initiated in 1969 at the California Rice Experiment Station. The program is broad in scope, developing cultivars in all US market classes (long, medium, and short grains) and special purpose types (waxy and aromatics). This grower-funded rice-breeding program has released 27 new cultivars as well as improved germplasm lines. Statewide paddy rice yields have risen from 6.2 to 9.3 t/ha since 1978. The incorporation of semi-dwarfing genes, earlier maturity, and increased yield potential have contributed significantly to increases in grain yield. High experimental yields (>I1 t/ha) are routine and achieving increased increments of yield will become more difficult. After the initial shift to semi-dwarf cultivars, increasing efforts were directed toward improving adaptation to environmental stresses and grain quality. Screening and selection for cold tolerance in the form of seedling vigour for water seeding and resistance to cool temperature induced sterility at the reproductive stage are integral parts of the rice-breeding program. Progress is being made on incorporation into California rice cultivars of resistance to stem rot (Sclerotiurn oryzae Cattaneo) and aggregate sheath spot [Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae (Swada) Mordue] from wild species and tolerance to rice water weevil (Lissorhoptus oryzophilus Kuschel). New restrictions and regulations of agronomic management practices may negatively impact rice production, creating problems in stand establishment, soil fertility, and weed, disease, and insect control. Breeding efforts to help minimise the adverse effect of these restrictions on yield and quality will increase in the future. Increased emphasis is being placed on improving milling yield and cooking and processing characteristics, and new laboratory methods are being explored to aid in evaluation and selection for grain quality.

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The Genetic and Economic Impact of the University of Arkansas's Rice Breeding Program: 1983-2007

Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics ◽

10.1017/s1074070800004090 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 131-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

L. Lanier Nalley ◽

Karen A. Moldenhauer ◽

Nate Lyman

Keyword(s):

Economic Benefits ◽

Breeding Program ◽

Test Plot ◽

Rice Breeding ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Potential Yield ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Program Test ◽

The University

This study estimates the proportion of rice yield increase in University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture's (UofA) released rice cultivars that are attributable to genetic improvements through the University's breeding program. Test plot data from eight UofA experiment stations were used to quantify the yield increases and potential yield growth decreases over time. In addition to quantifying the yield and yield variance evolution at the UofA, this study also calculates the economic benefits of the UofA rice breeding program. Results indicated that by releasing modern rice cultivars, the UofA rice breeding program increased average producer yield by 0.68 bu/ac annually. During the last decade, 1997-2007, the average annual economic benefits were 34.3 million (2007) dollars. When accounting for the spillover of UofA rice varieties to neighboring states the average annual economic benefit of the breeding program increases to 46.7 million (2007) dollars.

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An economic assessment of rice breeding in New South Wales

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9940889 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 34 (7) ◽

pp. 889 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

JP Brennan ◽

LG Lewin ◽

GR Marshall ◽

RF Reinke

Keyword(s):

New South ◽

New South Wales ◽

Economic Assessment ◽

Breeding Program ◽

Rice Breeding ◽

Economic Returns ◽

The Past ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

South Wales ◽

New Varieties

An economic assessment is made of the rice-breeding program at Yanco, New South Wales. The achievements of the breeding program over the past 30 years are identified and quantified. The economic assessment considers current investment in the breeding program and analyses the likelihood of the program achieving sufficient gains through breeding to justify that investment on economic grounds. We estimate the rate of improvement in yield and quality that would give the required increase in the industry's value of production. Based on the contribution of new varieties to past gains, the future gains needed through breeding to accomplish satisfactory economic returns are achievable. However, the analysis highlights the need for focused breeding efforts to maximise the returns from the breeding program.

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Performance of upland rice strains in reaction to fungal diseases

Scientia Agraria Paranaensis ◽

10.18188/sap.v20i1.25542 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 24-31

Author(s):

Natália Botega Alves ◽

Douglas Goulart Castro ◽

Marco Renan Félix ◽

Laís Moretti Tomé ◽

Antônio Rosário Neto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Research ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Block Design ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Fungal Diseases ◽

Breeding Program ◽

Brown Spot ◽

Rice Breeding ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact

The control of the impact of diseases on plants can be carried out via breeding, through the development of cultivars less susceptible to pathogens. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the severity of fungal diseases in upland rice strains from the Cultivation and Use Value test, belonging to the Upland Rice Breeding Program” of Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), in partnership with “EMBRAPA Rice and Beans” and the “Minas Gerais Agricultural Research Company” (EPAMIG). The experiment was installed in the municipalities of Lambari and Lavras, both in Minas Gerais, Brasil, in the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 seasons, in a randomized block design with three replications. Were evaluated 14 lines, 11 lines of the program and 3 commercial witnesses, regarding the intensity of diseases (leaf and neck blast, brown spot, grain spot and scalding). There was a significant difference between lineages for all traits, except brown spot, indicating the presence of genetic variability for the characters in question. The study of the interaction was performed, decomposing the statistically significant ones in simple and complex interactions. The experiment presented a coefficient of variation from 29% to 56% and accuracy from 56% to 95.5%, indicating that the estimates were obtained with good to medium experimental precision. It is essential to evaluate diseases in breeding programs in order to select cultivars that are increasingly resistant, as these affect not only productivity, but the quality and final yield of grains. The genotypes CMG 2119 (5), CMG 2162 (1), CMG 1896 (13) and CMG 2168 (2) were shown to be more tolerant to all diseases simultaneously, being, therefore, the most suitable for the launch, considering the character disease resistance. The Upland Rice Breeding Program of UFLA has lines with variability for resistance, strains with potential for release.

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Genetic progress in upland rice breeding program for grain yield and plant height

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/1413-7054202145010421 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

Author(s):

Amanda Mendes de Moura ◽

Flávia Barbosa Silva Botelho ◽

Laís Moretti Tomé ◽

Cinthia Souza Rodrigues ◽

Camila Soares Cardoso da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Breeding Program ◽

High Yield ◽

Joint Analysis ◽

Rice Breeding ◽

Genetic Progress ◽

Mixed Model Approach

ABSTRACT In the context of plant breeding programs, it is necessary to evaluate the efficiency of genotype selection over successive years. However, evaluating the genotype selection efficiency is not an easy task, since there is not just a single way to precede it. Besides that, the programs need to be dynamic; that is, they should be able to track the introduction and discard of genotypes each year. As a result, the available data is quite unbalanced, leading to difficulties in certain analyses. Thus, the present study aims to propose some approaches to verify the genetic progress in the preliminary trial of the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA) upland rice breeding program. We utilized mixed models for grain yield and plant height. Trials were performed with a total of 120 genotypes in seven environments, defined by the interaction between locations and years. Due to the imbalance in the available data, the mixed model approach, i.e., Restricted Maximum Likelihood/Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (REML/BLUP), was adopted for the joint analysis. Besides the genetic and phenotypic parameters, the expected gains were also obtained with the selection, genetic progress, renewal rate (RR%), and dynamism of preliminary trials. The efficiency of the selection of superior genotypes per year was verified, with genetic progress favorable for reducing the medium-sized plants associated with high yield.

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Threshing force of paddy as affected by loading manner and grain position on the panicle

Research in Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.17221/13/2010-rae ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 57 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 8-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M.R. Alizadeh ◽

A. Allameh

Keyword(s):

Breeding Program ◽

Lower Portion ◽

Rice Breeding ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Bending Force ◽

Local Cultivars ◽

Tension Loading

Threshing force, which is the force that separates a grain from the panicle, has a great importance in evaluating losses over design and application of harvesting and threshing machines. In addition, it is important to know the shattering habit of rice varieties in rice breeding program. In this study, the threshing force of two improved rice cultivars Dorfac and Kadous (long-grain), and three local cultivars of Hashemi, Alikazemi (long-grain), and Binam (medium-grain) was determined. The threshing force was measured at three portions of upper, middle, and lower of the panicle and three loading manners as tension, bending perpendicular to the front of the grain (type 1) and bending perpendicular to the side of the grain (type 2). The results revealed that cultivars, loading manners and the grain position on the panicle significantly (P < 0.01) affected the threshing force. The highest threshing force of 0.887 N was obtained from the lower portion of the panicle under tension loading; while the least threshing force of 0.267 N was determined for grains from the upper portions of the panicle under bending force of type 2. In the case of tension loading, the highest threshing force value pertained to long-grain cultivars.

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Evaluation of Sequential Planting Method for Screening of Durable Resistance against Rice Blast in Rice Breeding Program

Research in Plant Disease ◽

10.5423/rpd.2015.21.1.020 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 20-23

Author(s):

Jaeduk Goh ◽

Byoung-Ryun Kim ◽

Dong Bum Shin ◽

In Jeong Kang ◽

Bong Choon Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rice Blast ◽

Durable Resistance ◽

Breeding Program ◽

Rice Breeding ◽

Planting Method

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Discovery of Functional SNPs via Genome-Wide Exploration of Malaysian Pigmented Rice Varieties

International Journal of Genomics ◽

10.1155/2019/4168045 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Rabiatul-Adawiah Zainal-Abidin ◽

Norliza Abu-Bakar ◽

Yun-Shin Sew ◽

Sanimah Simoh ◽

Zeti-Azura Mohamed-Hussein

Keyword(s):

Breeding Program ◽

Snp Analysis ◽

Rice Seed ◽

Rice Breeding ◽

Red Rice ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Protein Coding ◽

Pigmented Rice ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Variation Database

Recently, rice breeding program has shown increased interests on the pigmented rice varieties due to their benefits to human health. However, the genetic variation of pigmented rice varieties is still scarce and remains unexplored. Hence, we performed genome-wide SNP analysis from the genome resequencing of four Malaysian pigmented rice varieties, representing two black and two red rice varieties. The genome of four pigmented varieties was mapped against Nipponbare reference genome sequences, and 1.9 million SNPs were discovered. Of these, 622 SNPs with polymorphic sites were identified in 258 protein-coding genes related to metabolism, stress response, and transporter. Comparative analysis of 622 SNPs with polymorphic sites against six rice SNP datasets from the Ensembl Plants variation database was performed, and 70 SNPs were identified as novel SNPs. Analysis of SNPs in the flavonoid biosynthetic genes revealed 40 nonsynonymous SNPs, which has potential as molecular markers for rice seed colour identification. The highlighted SNPs in this study show effort in producing valuable genomic resources for application in the rice breeding program, towards the genetic improvement of new and improved pigmented rice varieties.

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