The use of botanical insecticides obtained from local plants to control cabbage leaf webber (Crocidolomia binotalis) zeller on cabbage plants

White sweet potato starch (Ipomea batatas L.) and avocado seed starch (Parsea americana Mill) derived from local plants have the potential to be developed as agricultural products. Starch is a hydrocolloid compound as a potential local resource to be utilized. Glycerol function as an anti-freezing which is hygroscopic. This study aims to determine the ratio of white sweet potato starch with avocado seed starch and the concentration of glycerol for making edible film. This study was an experiment using a completely randimized factorial design with 2 (two) main factor consisting of a comparison of white sweet potato starch and avocado seed with 3 levels: P1 = 35%:65%., P2=50%:50%., P3=65%:35% and glycerol concentration with 3 levels: G1=1%., G2=2%., G3=3%. The best result reasearch were content of 23.03% (tratment P1G1), solubility of 55.57% (treatment P3G2)., swelling test of 9.83% (treatment P2g3)., elongation of 8.18% (treatment P3G2)

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The authorship of Plantae rariores agro Dunelmensi indigenae

Archives of Natural History ◽

10.3366/anh.1981.10.2.335 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 335-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

P. S. DAVIS ◽

G. G. GRAHAM

Keyword(s):

Rare Plant ◽

Short List ◽

Critical List ◽

Local Plants

Stephen Robson (1741–1779) and his nephew Edward Robson (1763–1813) were both Quaker botanists who lived in Darlington, County Durham. Stephen is best known for his British Flora published in 1777, and Edward had a considerable reputation as a particularly competent botanist. Some confusion seems to exist regarding the authorship of a rare plant list for Durham, Plantae rariores agro Dunelmensi indigenae, attributed to Stephen Robson in most recent bibliographical literature. This paper re-examines the evidence for the authorship of this list and suggests that although Stephen Robson produced a short list of local plants the longer and more critical list, Plantae rariores … was compiled by his more knowledgeable nephew Edward.

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Bioefficacy of enhanced diatomaceous earth and botanical powders on the mortality and progeny production of Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Sitophilus granarius (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) and Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in stored grain cereals

International Journal of Tropical Insect Science ◽

10.1017/s1742758417000170 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (04) ◽

pp. 243-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Charles Adarkwah ◽

Daniel Obeng-Ofori ◽

Vanessa Hörmann ◽

Christian Ulrichs ◽

Matthias Schöller

Keyword(s):

Tribolium Castaneum ◽

Diatomaceous Earth ◽

Adult Mortality ◽

Botanical Insecticides ◽

Management Approach ◽

Sitophilus Granarius ◽

Progeny Production ◽

Acanthoscelides Obtectus ◽

Stored Grain ◽

Plant Powders

Abstract Food losses caused by insects during postharvest storage are of paramount economic importance worldwide, especially in Africa. Laboratory bioassays were conducted in stored grains to determine the toxicity of powders of Eugenia aromatica and Moringa oleifera alone or combined with enhanced diatomaceous earth (Probe-A® DE, 89.0% SiO2 and 5% silica aerogel) to adult Sitophilus granarius, Tribolium castaneum and Acanthoscelides obtectus. Adult mortality was observed up to 7 days, while progeny production was recorded at 6–10 weeks. LD50 and LT50 values for adult test insects exposed to plant powders and DE, showed that A. obtectus was the most susceptible towards the botanicals (LD50 0.179% and 0.088% wt/wt for E. aromatica and M. oleifera, respectively), followed by S. granarius. Tribolium castaneum was most tolerant (LD50 1.42% wt/wt and 1.40% wt/wt for E. aromatica and M. oleifera, respectively). The combined mixture of plant powders and DE controlled the beetles faster compared to the plant powders alone. LT50 ranged from 55.7 h to 62.5 h for T. castaneum exposed to 1.0% M. oleifera and 1.0% DE, and 0.5% E. aromatica and 1.0% DE, respectively. Botanicals caused significant reduction of F1 adults compared to the control. Combined action of botanical insecticides with DE as a grain protectant in an integrated pest management approach is discussed.

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Nematicidal activity of aqueous and organic extracts of local plants against Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood in Algeria under laboratory and greenhouse conditions

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control ◽

10.1186/s41938-020-00242-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sabri Ala Eddine Zaidat ◽

Fazia Mouhouche ◽

Djaafar Babaali ◽

Nesma Abdessemed ◽

Miguel De Cara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Nematicidal Activity ◽

Organic Extracts ◽

Local Plants

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Efficacy of Petiveria Alliacea (Linneaus) leaf and root bark powder in the control of filariasis vector Culex Quinquefasciatus

The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology ◽

10.1186/s41936-020-00199-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Michael Olarewaju Akintan ◽

Joseph Onaolapo Akinneye ◽

Oluwatosin Betty Ilelakinwa

Keyword(s):

Synergistic Effect ◽

Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽

Mosquito Control ◽

Exposure Period ◽

Botanical Insecticides ◽

Adult Mosquito ◽

Root Bark ◽

Plant Powders ◽

Petiveria Alliacea ◽

Feeding Activities

Abstract Background Mosquitoes are vectors of parasitic diseases such as malaria, lymphatic filariasis, yellow fever, and dengue fever among others. They are well known as public enemies for their noise nuisance, biting annoyance, sleeplessness, allergic reactions, and diseases transmission during the biting and feeding activities. This then necessitate the search for insecticides of plant origin which are bio-degradable, non-toxic, and readily available for man use. Result This study, evaluated the fumigant efficacy of the powder of P. alliacea to control the adult stage of Culex mosquito. Powder of Petiveria alliacea were administered at different dose of (1 g, 2 g, 3 g, 4 g, and 5 g), respectively. Result obtained shows the fumigant effect of the powder were effective with percentage mortality of 18.33–60.00% for the leaf powder and 23.30–71.60% for the root powder within 2 h post-treatment period (P < 0.05). The synergistic effect of the leaf and root powder was also investigated. The lethal dosage (LD50) of the leaf, root, and synergistic effect of leaf and root bark powder required to kill 50% of the adult Culex quinquefasciatus was 3.76 g, 2.86 g, and 2.63 g, respectively. However, 25.06 g, 15.25 g, and 12.94 g of the leaf, root, and leaf and root powder were required to kill 90% (LD90) after a 2-h exposure period. Conclusion These finding suggested P. alliacea powder could be a good source of insecticide which may be used for the production of biopesticides. The present findings have important implications in the practical control of adult mosquito by using botanical insecticides. These plant powders are easy to prepare, inexpensive, and safe for use in mosquito control.

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Efficacy of Botanical Insecticides against the Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) and Effect on Some of Its Natural Enemies on Field Pea in South Central Ethiopia

Science Technology and Arts Research Journal ◽

10.4314/star.v4i2.7 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 53 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lemmessa Gemmeda ◽

Gashawbeza Ayalew

Keyword(s):

Natural Enemies ◽

Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽

Field Pea ◽

Pea Aphid ◽

Botanical Insecticides ◽

Central Ethiopia ◽

South Central

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Dissecting the Environmental Consequences of Bacillus thuringiensis Application for Natural Ecosystems

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins13050355 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 355

Author(s):

Maria E. Belousova ◽

Yury V. Malovichko ◽

Anton E. Shikov ◽

Anton A. Nizhnikov ◽

Kirill S. Antonets

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

Control Agent ◽

Plant Colonization ◽

Natural Ecosystems ◽

Terrestrial Invertebrates ◽

Environmental Consequences ◽

Local Plants ◽

Complex Relationships ◽

Bacteria And Fungi

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a natural pathogen of different invertebrates, primarily insects, is widely used as a biological control agent. While Bt-based preparations are claimed to be safe for non-target organisms due to the immense host specificity of the bacterium, the growing evidence witnesses the distant consequences of their application for natural communities. For instance, upon introduction to soil habitats, Bt strains can affect indigenous microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, and further establish complex relationships with local plants, ranging from a mostly beneficial demeanor, to pathogenesis-like plant colonization. By exerting a direct effect on target insects, Bt can indirectly affect other organisms in the food chain. Furthermore, they can also exert an off-target activity on various soil and terrestrial invertebrates, and the frequent acquisition of virulence factors unrelated to major insecticidal toxins can extend the Bt host range to vertebrates, including humans. Even in the absence of direct detrimental effects, the exposure to Bt treatment may affect non-target organisms by reducing prey base and its nutritional value, resulting in delayed alleviation of their viability. The immense phenotypic plasticity of Bt strains, coupled with the complexity of ecological relationships they can engage in, indicates that further assessment of future Bt-based pesticides’ safety should consider multiple levels of ecosystem organization and extend to a wide variety of their inhabitants.

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Effects of termite damage to maize of seed extracts of Azadirachta indica and Piper guineense in farmers' fields

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s002185969900670x ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 133 (4) ◽

pp. 403-407 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

V. C. UMEH ◽

M. F. IVBIJARO

Keyword(s):

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Planting Density ◽

Piper Guineense ◽

Termite Attack ◽

Macrotermes Bellicosus ◽

Maize Yields ◽

Natural Insecticides ◽

Cropping Seasons ◽

Local Plants ◽

Seed Extracts

The efficacy of insecticides derived from two local plants was tested on termites infesting maize in maize–cassava–‘Egusi’ melon intercrops in two farmers' fields in south-western Nigeria during the 1989/90 and 1990/91 cropping seasons. The intercrops consisted of 40000, 20000, and 10000 maize plants/ha, with a fixed population of 10000 plants/ha of both cassava and melon. The insecticides were aqueous extracts of ripe seeds of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) and the crude seed oil of Piper guineense Schum And Thonn, each at 10% concentration at the rate of 390 litres/ha and 18 litres/ha, respectively. On the plots treated with these natural insecticides, damage by termites [Microtermes spp., Macrotermes bellicosus Smeathman = nigeriensis Sjostedt and M. subhyalinus Rambur (Isoptera: Termitidae)] was significantly lower and maize yields higher than on the control plots. The mean percentage of maize stems attacked by termites (considering all categories of termite damage) in untreated plots during the trials ranged between 0–22% in 1989 and 2–46% in 1990. Planting densities did not significantly influence termite attack on maize. Cassava and melon plants or cassava tubers were not attacked by termites in any of the trials and their yields were not affected by insecticide treatments or planting density of maize.

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