St1 Deep Heat Project: Geothermal energy to the district heating network in Espoo

Iceland relies greatly on geothermal energy, for electricity, district heating and industrial activities. It is therefore of great importance that the maintenance on site is carried out quite successfully to minimize down time. Reykjavik Energy is the largest energy company in Iceland utilizing geothermal energy. The company operates two cogenerating geothermal power plants, Hellisheidi (303 MWe and 133 MWt) and Nesjavellir (120 MWe and 300 MWt). In this study we investigate the development of the wellhead maintenance at the Hellisheidi geothermal power plant. We look at the maintenance recommendations provided to on-site employees and how maintenance procedures have developed since the power plant began its operations. We investigate real data retrospectively and use it to calculate expected waiting times between repairs. The result is a maintenance model based on the observed and statistically analyzed data provided by the power company on the maintenance procedures. Such model should prove of great significance to other geothermal power plants in the early stages of planning the wellhead maintenance.

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Fitting geothermal energy into the energy transition

Netherlands Journal of Geosciences – Geologie en Mijnbouw ◽

10.1017/njg.2019.5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 98 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel P. Smith

Keyword(s):

Geothermal Energy ◽

District Heating ◽

Energy Transition ◽

Heat Sources ◽

Large Size ◽

Energy Consideration ◽

Seasonal Heat ◽

The Impact ◽

Base Load ◽

Heating Networks

Abstract This article attempts to identify the main ‘above-ground’ factors which impact on the contribution that geothermal energy can make to the Dutch Energy Transition, and to draw conclusions about these factors. Recent literature sources are used to illustrate the size of Dutch heating demand, and the part of this which can be provided by geothermal energy. Consideration is given to the impact of off-take variability over time, showing that the base-load nature of geothermal doublets acts as a restraint on the share which they can take in the energy supply. The characteristics of district heating grids are discussed. Other potential sources of heat are considered and compared. The conclusion is that geothermal energy can provide a material contribution to the energy transition. This depends to a large extent on the existence of and design choices made for the development of district heating networks. Large size and standardisation, and the development of seasonal heat storage, are beneficial. Unlike most other renewable sources of heat, which have alternative ‘premium’ applications such as the provision of ‘peak capacity’ or molecules for feedstock, geothermal energy is not suitable for other uses. The emission savings that it can provide will be lost if other heat sources are chosen in preference as supply for district heating, so that it makes sense that district heating infrastructure should be designed to encourage the use of geothermal energy where possible.

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Environmental Comparison of Energy Solutions for Heating and Cooling

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11247051 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (24) ◽

pp. 7051 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ida Franzén ◽

Linnéa Nedar ◽

Maria Andersson

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impact ◽

Geothermal Energy ◽

Energy Use ◽

District Heating ◽

Conventional System ◽

Three Solutions ◽

Air Conditioners ◽

Heating And Cooling ◽

Energy Flows ◽

One Year

Humanity faces several environmental challenges today. The planet has limited resources, and it is necessary to use these resources effectively. This paper examines the environmental impact of three energy solutions for the heating and cooling of buildings. The solutions are conventional district heating and cooling, a smart energy solution for heating and cooling (ectogrid™), and geothermal energy. The ectogrid™ balances energy flows with higher and lower temperatures to reduce the need for supplied energy. The three solutions have been studied for Medicon Village, which is a district in the city of Lund in Sweden. The study shows that the energy use for the conventional system is 12,250 MWh for one year, and emissions are 590 tons of CO2 equivalents. With ectogrid™, the energy use is reduced by 61%, and the emissions are reduced by 12%, compared to the conventional system. With geothermal energy, the energy use is reduced by 70%, and the emissions by 20%. An analysis is also made in a European context, with heating based on natural gas and cooling based on air conditioners. The study shows that the environmental impact would decrease considerably by replacing the carbon dioxide intensive solution with ectogrid™ or geothermal energy.

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Advanced exergo-environmental analyses and assessments of a real district heating system with geothermal energy

Applied Thermal Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.11.054 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 113 ◽

pp. 449-459 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Muhammet Yürüsoy ◽

Ali Keçebaş

Keyword(s):

Geothermal Energy ◽

District Heating ◽

Heating System ◽

District Heating System

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The potential of district heating using geothermal energy. A case study, Greece

Geothermics ◽

10.1016/s0375-6505(99)00050-4 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 51-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Zacharias Agioutantis ◽

Athanassios Bekas

Keyword(s):

Geothermal Energy ◽

District Heating

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Recent Status of Geothermal Energy Applications in Turkey

Energy Exploration & Exploitation ◽

10.1260/0144-5987.23.1.41 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 41-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mustafa Balat

Keyword(s):

Geothermal Energy ◽

Electricity Generation ◽

District Heating ◽

Minor Role ◽

Geothermal Heat ◽

Heating Systems ◽

Energy Applications ◽

Geothermal Potential ◽

A Minor ◽

Installed Capacity

This article considers recently status of geothermal energy in Turkey. Turkey is the 7th richest country in the world in geothermal potential. The overall geothermal potential in Turkey is about 38,000 MW. But only 2% of its potential is used. Geothermal electricity generation has a minor role in Turkey's electricity capacity as low as 0.09% but the projections foresee an improvement to 0.32% by the year of 2020. Most of the geothermal sites for electricity generation are located in Aydin–Germencik (505 K), Denizli–Kizildere (515 K), Aydin–Salavatli (444 K), Canakkale–Tuzla (446 K) and Kutahya–Simav (435 K). Turkey has increased their installed capacity over the past five years from 140 MWt to 820 MWt, most for district heating systems. This supplies heat to 51,600 equivalent residences and engineering design to supply a further 150,000 residences with geothermal heat is complete.

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Deep geothermal energy for district heating

Advanced District Heating and Cooling (DHC) Systems ◽

10.1016/b978-1-78242-374-4.00004-5 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 75-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J.W. Tester ◽

T.J. Reber ◽

K.F. Beckers ◽

M.Z. Lukawski

Keyword(s):

Geothermal Energy ◽

District Heating ◽

Deep Geothermal Energy

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Utilization of geothermal springs as a renewable energy source: Vranjska Banja case study

Thermal Science ◽

10.2298/tsci190816391d ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (6 Part B) ◽

pp. 4083-4093

Author(s):

Stefan Denda ◽

Jasna Micic ◽

Ana Milanovic-Pesic ◽

Jovana Brankov ◽

Zeljko Bjeljac

Keyword(s):

Geothermal Energy ◽

District Heating ◽

Field Research ◽

Economic Assessment ◽

Heating System ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Geothermal Resources ◽

Geothermal Heating ◽

Public Facilities ◽

Total Energy Balance

Despite the significant natural potential, geothermal energy in Serbia has traditionally been used in balneology and recreation, while its share in the country?s total energy balance is almost negligible (0.05%). The present paper deals with the City Municipality of Vranjska Banja as a pioneer in the territory of Serbia in using geothermal energy for heating. The concept and methodology of the present research are directly related to the utilization of geothermal resources for district heating in the Vranjska Banja area. The presented analysis includes: determining the available amount of energy, identifying the energy needs of selected public facilities, and the estimation of investment necessary for energy utilization. A survey, combined with field research, is focused on four public facilities connected to the heating system relying on geothermal sources, as well as on two facilities that should be connected to the system in the next phases. The results show economic, ecological, and technological advantages of using geothermal heating systems, as well as the acceptable price of equipment maintenance. An economic assessment of the transition of one facility from the existing heating system to a system relying on geothermal energy has also been made. The analysis confirms the cost-effectiveness of using geothermal energy and reveals numerous ecological advantages (safe heating, absence of CO2 emission) over other energy sources.

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