scholarly journals Similarity index between irrigation water and soil saturation extract in the experimental field of Yachay University, Ecuador

2017 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 012007
Author(s):  
D V Carrera-Villacrés ◽  
V P Sánchez-Gómez ◽  
O A Portilla-Bravo ◽  
D R Bolaños-Guerrón
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Saturation Extract ◽  
Soil Saturation

scholarly journals CULTIVO DO MILHETO IRRIGADO COM ÁGUA SALINA EM DIFERENTES COBERTURAS MORTAS

Irriga ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-360
Author(s):  
Amitair Ferreira Lima ◽  
Geocleber Gomes De Sousa ◽  
Maria Vanessa Pires De Souza ◽  
Francisco Barroso Da Silva Junior ◽  
Silas Primola Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Saturation Extract ◽  
Soil Saturation ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
E Mail

CULTIVO DO MILHETO IRRIGADO COM ÁGUA SALINA EM DIFERENTES COBERTURAS MORTAS     AMITAIR FERREIRA LIMA1; GEOCLEBER GOMES DE SOUSA2; MARIA VANESSA PIRES DE SOUZA3; FRANCISCO BARROSO DA SILVA JUNIOR4; SILAS PRIMOLA GOMES2 E CLARISSA LIMA MAGALHÃES5   1 Engenheira agrônoma formada pela Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (Avenida da abolição, 3, Centro, 62.790-000, Redenção/Ce, Brasil). E-mail: [email protected] 2 Prof. Doutor, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (Avenida da abolição, 3, Centro, 62.790-000, Redenção/Ce, Brasil). E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 3 Mestranda pelo programa de pós graduação em fitotecnia da Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido, Campus Mossoró (Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Bairro Costa e Silva, CEP: 59.625-900, Mossoró/RN, Brasil). E-mail: [email protected] 4 Mestrando pelo programa de pós graduação em ciência do solo da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici (Av. Mister Hull, 2977, Pici, 60.021-970, Fortaleza/Ce, Brasil). E-mail: [email protected] 5 Discente no curso de agronomia da Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (Avenida da abolição, 3, Centro, 62.790-000, Redenção/Ce, Brasil). E-mail: [email protected]     1 RESUMO   Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho, avaliar o crescimento e acúmulo de biomassa de plantas de milheto irrigadas com água salina em solo com diferentes coberturas. O experimento foi realizado em agosto de 2018, a pleno sol na horta didática da Universidade da integração internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (UNILAB), Redenção, Ceará. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC), em esquema fatorial 5x4, com 4 repetições. O primeiro fator referente aos valores de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação - CEa: A1 (1,0 dS m-1), A2 (2,0 dS m-1), A3 (3,0 dS 11 m-1), A4 (4,0 dS m-1) e A5 (5,0 dS m-1), versus as coberturas adotadas, C1 (sem cobertura-controle), C2 (palha de arroz), C3 (bagana de cana-de-açúcar) e C4 (resíduos vegetais de espontâneas). Aos 35 dias após a semeadura, foram avaliadas: altura das plantas (AP), número de folhas (NF), diâmetro do colmo (DC), comprimento de raiz (CR), área foliar (AF), matéria seca da parte aérea (MSPA), da raiz (MSR) e total (MST), pH do solo e a condutividade elétrica do extrato de saturação do solo (CEes). O aumento da condutividade elétrica na água de irrigação, promoveu aumento da salinidade no extrato de saturação do solo, assim como reduções na emissão do número de folhas no milheto e o uso da cobertura morta amenizou os efeitos da salinidade contida na água, nas variáveis: MSPA, MSR, MST, DC e AP, sendo a cobertura de casca de arroz a alternativa mais eficiente na atenuação desses efeitos.   Palavras-chave: Penissetum glaucum L., estresse salino, proteção do solo     LIMA, A. F.; SOUSA, G. G.; SOUZA, M. V. P.; SILVA JUNIOR, F. B.; GOMES, S. P.; MAGALHÃES, C. L. CULTIVATION OF MILLET IRRIGATED WITH SALINE WATER IN DIFFERENT MULCHES     2 ABSTRACT   The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth and accumulation of dry matter of millet plants irrigated with saline water in soil with different mulches. The experiment was carried out in August 2018, under full sun in the didactic garden of the University of the International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony (UNILAB), Redenção, Ceará. The experimental design was completely randomized (DIC), in a 5x4 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The first factor referring to the values of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water: A1 (1.0 dS m-1), A2 (2.0 dS m-1), A3 (3.0 dS m-1), A4 (4.0 dS m-1) and A5 (5.0 dS m-1), versus the coverages adopted, C1 (without cover), C2 (rice straw), C3 (sugarcane bagana) and C4 (vegetable spontaneous waste). At 35 days after sowing, plant height (AP), number of leaves emitted (NF), stalk diameter (DC), root length (CR), leaf area (AF), shoot dry matter (MSA), root dry matter (MSR), total dry matter (MST), soil pH and soil saturation extract electrical conductivity (CEs) were assessed. The increase in the electrical conductivity in the irrigation water promoted an increase in salinity in the soil saturation extract, as well as reductions in the number of leaves in the millet, and the use of the mulch reduced the effects of the salinity contained in the water in the following variables: MSPA, MSR, MST, DC and AP, with rice husk coverage being the most efficient alternative to mitigate these effects.   Keywords: Penissetum glaucum L., saline stress, soil protection.

BORON CONCENTRATION IN THE SOIL SOLUTION UNDER IRRIGATION: A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. W. JAME ◽  
W. NICHOLAICHUK ◽  
A. J. LEYSHON ◽  
C. A. CAMPBELL
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Model ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Saturation Extract ◽  
Alfalfa Field ◽  
Soil Saturation ◽  
The Relationship

Current irrigation water criteria for boron (B) are based upon the B concentration of either the irrigation water or the soil saturation extract. The effects of the leaching fraction (LF) and the boron adsorption capacity (BAC) of the soil upon the soil solution concentration have not been considered. The objectives of this paper were (i) to develop a predictive model relating soil solution B concentration at equilibrium to the B concentration in irrigation water and the LF, and (ii) to show how the relationship between the B concentration of the soil solution under field conditions and the B concentration of the soil saturation extract can be modelled. The predictive model, derived from the mass balance concept, indicated that at equilibrium the value of the soil solution B in well-drained soil would be close to that of irrigation water, at the soil surface and will increase with depth with the highest value being near the bottom of the root zone where its magnitude is determined primarily on the degree of leaching. For irrigation water concentrations between 0.5 and 10 mg B/L, the weighted average B concentration of the soil solution in the profile of an alfalfa field would be about 1.9–2.7 times the irrigation water concentration at a LF of 0.1; it would be 1.4–1.9 times for a LF of 0.25; and 1.3–1.5 times for a LF of 0.4. The model of the relationship between soil solution B at field capacity and saturation extract B indicates the importance of the BAC of the soil. Without considering BAC, the ratio between the two would be 2. However, the model indicates that the ratio ranges from 1.0 to 1.8 depending upon the B concentration in the solution and the BAC of the soil. This suggests that the B concentration of the soil saturation extract does not provide a true representation of the soil solution B. In assessing B toxicity, the saturation extract concentration should be converted to the soil solution concentration at the actual water content of the soil.

scholarly journals Gypsum Effects on Growth and Macroelement Uptake of Field-grown Asimina triloba (Pawpaw) Irrigated with Low-saline, Sodic Water

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1104-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Picchioni ◽  
C.J. Graham ◽  
A.L. Ulery
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Asimina Triloba ◽  
Saturation Extract ◽  
Soil Saturation

Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal is an underused tree species with demonstrated potential as a new fruit crop and landscape ornamental plant. Best management practices for A. triloba are not adequately defined, particularly for field establishment in high-Na conditions characteristic of numerous southern U.S. production areas. We evaluated the growth and net macroelement uptake of field-grown A. triloba seedlings on soil amended with a single addition of gypsum at 0, 7.5, or 15.0 t·ha-1 and later receiving a regular supply of Na-affected but nonsaline irrigation water [sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of 15.5 and electrical conductivity (EC) at 0.4 dS·m-1]. Over two growing seasons, the soil saturation extract Ca concentration increased while the soil saturation extract SAR decreased with increasing gypsum rate. Amending the soil with gypsum increased total lateral branch extension per tree by 60% to 73% and trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) per tree by 68% to 87% above a non-gypsum-amended control treatment. Total dry matter accumulation and the net uptake of N, P, and K per tree were over 100% greater following gypsum application as compared to controls. The growth and mineral uptake-enhancing effects of gypsum were likely related to functions of Ca at the root level and on soil physical properties that should be considered in establishing young A. triloba trees with irrigation water containing high sodicity but relatively low total salinity.

scholarly journals Concentration of injetion solution and its effects on soil and on yield of fertirrigated banana cv. Terra Maranhão

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1104-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugênio F. Coelho ◽  
Torquato M. de Andrade Neto ◽  
Damiana L. Barros
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Urea Concentration ◽  
Injection Solution ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Saturation Extract ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Micro Irrigation

The Fertigation is the combined application of water and nutrients to a crop. It can be adapted to all types of agricultural crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of urea concentration in irrigation water on electrical conductivity of the soil solution and saturation extract along the first cycle of banana cv. Terra Maranhão. The experiment followed a completely randomized design with six treatments and ten replications. Treatments regarded for using three urea concentrations (1.0; 2.5 and 4.0 g L-1) in irrigation water applied by two micro irrigation systems (microsprinkler and drip). Results showed that there was a linear elevation of electrical conductivity of saturation extract and soil solution with the increase on concentration of urea in the injection solution. Urea should be used under concentrations up to 2.5 g L-1 in irrigation water without causing increase on electric conductivity of soil solution and saturation extract, considering 1.1 dS m-1 as the tolerated value for the crop. Nitrate in the soil solution increased significantly with the increase of urea concentration in the injection solution. The maximum concentration of nitrate in the soil occurred for 4,0 g L-1 concentration of the injection solution.

Effects of extraction technique on concentrations of soluble salts in soil saturation extracts

Soil Research ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Dowling ◽  
CJ Howitt
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Technique ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Solution Composition ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Saturation Extract ◽  
Soil Saturation ◽  
Added Water

Solution yield and saturation extract salinity for a range of south-east Queensland soils are described in relation to solution extraction by leaching, over a range of extraction times, and by centrifuging. Yield, pH, [Ca] and [HCO3] were affected by extraction technique. In leached extracts, compared with centrifuged extracts, solution pH was more variable and [HCO3] and [Ca] were higher. Leaching overnight consistently produced solution yields in excess of 20 g 100g-1 added water to saturation. Variations in these attributes reflect differences between the two extraction techniques which can be explained in terms of variable levels of CO2 in the solution collection assembly with air entry during extraction. Centrifuging minimised air entry and, hence, the gadliquid ratio in the extractor. The CO2 mediated changes are thus less for centrifuged than leached extracts. Centrifuging, as an extraction technique, therefore, has more relevance than leaching if specific mineralogic controls on solution composition are being determined.

Performance of Sugarcane Var. P.R. 980 Grown on a Partially Reclaimed Saline Sodic Soil of the Lajas Valley.

1969 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-385
Author(s):  
Raúl Pérez Escolar ◽  
José S. Ortiz Vélez
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Sodic Soil ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Saturation Extract ◽  
Soil Saturation

Sugarcane var. P.R. 980 performed very well when grown on a partially reclaimed saline sodic soil of the Lajas Valley, Puerto Rico. Varying levels of rum distillery slops and one of black strap molasses had been applied to Fe clay, a Vertisol, on the premise that these two materials stabilize soil aggregates and improve the movement of water for reclamation. After 6.1 m/ha of water had been applied to the plots, and the conductivity of the soil saturation extract was about 4 on the top 30 cm, sugarcane var. P.R. 980 was planted. The yield data for 6 crops, including two plant canes and their corresponding two ratoons, were collected and analyzed. In the combined first 3 crops, the 31 cm slops treatment was significantly better sugar yieldwise than the 6.2 cm treatment. When cane tonnage and sugar of the second plant cane and its two ratoons were combined, the 18.6 and 31 cm of slops were far superior to the check, 6.2 cm slops treatment and the molasses treatment. Salinity was reduced markedly in the top 60 cm of soil. Cane and sugar yield differences between high slops treatments and check widened with time.

A survey of the cation content of piggery effluents and some consequences of their use to irrigate soils

Soil Research ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Smiles ◽  
C. J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
South Australia ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Cation Content ◽  
Saturation Extract ◽  
Soil Saturation ◽  
High Concentrations

Piggery effluent contains high concentrations of potassium, and its repeated irrigation raises soil exchangeable potassium to levels, relative to divalent cations, that may degrade soil structure. We surveyed 6 big piggeries extending from south-eastern Queensland on a self-mulching Vertosol, to an Arenic Rudosol in south-eastern South Australia. We sampled effluent used for irrigation and also soil profiles to permit 'fenceline' comparisons between soils that had and had not been irrigated. The major water-soluble cations sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), and magnesium (Mg2+) were measured in the effluent and the soil saturation extracts, and also their exchangeable forms on air-dried soil samples. Ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N) was also assayed. The effluents were similar, with pH values between 7.5 and 8 together with very high water-soluble NH4-N, lower values for K+ and Na+, and quite low concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+. Cation concentrations varied across effluents; sodium and potassium adsorption ratios (SAR and KAR) were relatively constant but smaller than an ammonium adsorption ratio (Am-AR), which we conceive to estimate the influence of NH4+-N relative to the divalent cations in the effluent. Exchangeable K+ ratios in all profiles that had been irrigated were greater than their non-irrigated partners, as were the KAR values in their saturation extracts. Despite high concentrations of NH4+-N and high values of Am-AR in the effluents, there was no evidence of exchangeable NH4+ in the soils when sampled, which, we presume, is rapidly taken up by plants or oxidised. We present data that support a useful relationship between total cation content and effluent and the soil saturation extract electrical conductivity (EC), We also observed a modest increase in the EC of the saturation extract of irrigated soils. Farm records were insufficient to permit material balance calculations.

scholarly journals Melon cultivation irrigated with saline waters promote chemical alterations in an acrisol

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Aécio Lima Pereira ◽  
Hans Raj Gheyi ◽  
José Francismar De Medeiros ◽  
Nildo Da Silva Dias ◽  
Cleyton dos Santos Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Toad Skin ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Saturation Extract ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Crop Cycle

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the salinization process and the changes in the chemical properties of an Acrisol cultivated with melon irrigated with water of different saline concentrations. The experiment was carried out in the field conditions using the experimental design of randomized blocks, arranged in split-plot. The plots were composed of salinity levels of irrigation water, expressed in terms of water electrical conductivity (ECw): 0.54; 1.48; 2.02 dS m-1; and the sub-plots for melon cultivars: Sancho and Medellín (Toad Skin), Mandacaru (Yellow), Nectar (Galia) and Sedna (Cantaloupe). Soil samples were collected at the beginning and end of the crop cycle to evaluate the changes in the physical-chemical properties of the soil. The electrical conductivity of saturation extract in the soil profile varied for each cultivar, observing high salinity values in soils with cultivars with lower water demand (Sedna and Nectar). The salinity of the soil was lower than the electrical conductivity of the irrigation water in the treatments with high values of ECw. The soil pH values showed little reaction in relation to the initial values. The exchangeable sodium percentage values were approximate twice the sodium adsorption ratio of the saturation stratum.

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