scholarly journals Scenario model to forecast behavior of intrusive plant communities in response to control effects in arid agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 843 (1) ◽  
pp. 012061
Author(s):  
V V Novochadov ◽  
E A Ivantsova ◽  
A A Shiroky ◽  
N V Onistratenko
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Anthropogenic Transformation ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Dynamic Methods ◽  
Integral Characteristics ◽  
Solving Equations ◽  
Scenario Model ◽  
Arid Agriculture

Abstract The presence of large areas of anthropogenic transformation of plant communities with a potentially negative impact on adjacent territories makes it relevant to develop various methods for automated monitoring and modeling of processes occurring in these ecosystems. Based on the results of previous studies of phytocoenoses, the authors selected four groups of indicators for constructing a scenario model: integral characteristics of intrusive plant communities (IPC), including those obtained by using remote dynamic methods; integral indicators of the negative impact of IPC on the adjacent agro-ecosystem; indicators of the distribution of mobile forms of trace elements in the soil; and indicators of soil microbiota. As the result, a hypothetical formula is obtained that allows, with minimal impact on the biosystem of technogenic IPC, to sufficiently reduce its adverse impact on the adjacent agro-ecosystem. Further refinement and dissemination of the scenario model and its connection to databases on plant communities will automatically change the values of the coefficients in the solving equations, thereby providing the most accurate and reliable forecast of the response of agro-ecosystems to various control actions.

CITY PARK AS A NATURAL-ANTHROPOGENIC OBJECT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE PARK OF THE 50th ANNIVERSARY OF VLKSM IN THE CITY OF YEKATERINBURG)

2021 ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
L. I. ATKINA ◽  
◽  
L. V. BULATOVA ◽  
L. P. ABRAMOVA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Peat Bogs ◽  
Anthropogenic Transformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City ◽  
City Park

Based on a comprehensive assessment of the state of the park landscape, the level of its anthropogenic transformation is determined, which is necessary to identify the potential for restoring the natural biodiversity of the object. It is reported that the plantations and soil cover of the park of the 50th anniversary of VLKSM are very heterogeneous; they reflect the history of park establishment. The soil cover consists of three main types: sod, bog and urbanozem. It should be stressed that the best preserved part of the park is the plot with boggy soils around the pond. Herbaceous plants growing on the plot are very similar to the species composition of the ground cover of overgrown peat bogs. Over the 40 years since the foundation of the park, a high level of pollutants has been accumulated in the soil, which allows us to state that the negative impact occurs constantly. Consequently, the existing plantings are insufficient to protect visitors from vehicle emissions from the roads along Yasnaya and Shaumyana streets. There are enough natural elements in the park of the 50th anniversary of VLKSM; this should be taken into account in its redevelopment. There is an opportunity to restore the reservoir and return the plantings to their natural appearance. It is proposed to add elements of landscape decoration in the park.

scholarly journals Populations of Heracleum sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum (Apiaceae) in Kyiv (Ukraine)

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-228
Author(s):  
Lubov Gubar ◽  
Serhii Koniakin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Heracleum Sosnowskyi ◽  
Secondary Range ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Ruderal Plant

Abstract In connection with the increasing negative impact of invasive alien species on biodiversity and the environment in general, their research, as well as throughout the world, is relevant. The distribution of the Heracleum sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum of the secondary range on the example of the Kyiv agglomeration is investigated in the work. In our study we aimed to evaluate the possibility of spontaneous spread of giant hogweeds in the secondary range, adaptation of the species to the new conditions of the environment that favor to control of these species’ expansion and reduce the threat to the urban ecosystems and citizens’ health. We hypothesise that in the secondary range H. sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum settle sites with relatively high temperature (Tr), lightening (Lc), and soil moisture conditions similar to that in their natural range. 17 populations and four localities (sites) of H. sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum were studied. They were found within forest, meadow, riverine and ruderal plant communities. It is indicated that the advent species fully adapted to the conditions of the environment. The difference by ecological indicators Lc2 and Tm1 is pointed out. According to the results of our research, for the area of Kyiv urban agglomeration the growth of H. sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum is indicated in the plants communities of six classes. They spread most in ruderal plant communities of the: Robinietea, Artemisietea, Epilobietea classes. The studied species belong to invasive plant species in Ukraine and are characterized by extremely high effect on the environment and high invasive potential.

Myriad post-Myriad

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubha Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Brca1 And Brca2 ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Synthetic Dna ◽  
The Us ◽  
Myriad Genetics ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Primers

Abstract The US Supreme Court’s 2013 decision, holding patent claims to isolated, endogenous deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences to be invalid, seemed to have limited negative impact on Myriad Genetics whose patent on the isolated BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes were at the heart of the case. This article explains this minimal impact in two ways. First, the Court’s decision still left synthetic DNA patentable, leaving that as a fruitful source for commercialization by companies like Myriad. The Federal Circuit’s subsequent decision, however, invalidated Myriad’s product claims over the synthetic polymerase chain reaction primers based on the isolated DNA sequences. Second, the Court’s decision did not address the patentability of mined genetic data for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. This field of genetic data mining is precisely where Myriad has moved in its patenting activity.

scholarly journals Effects of endophyte-infected tall fescue seed and protein supplementation on stocker steers: I. Growth performance and hemodynamic responses

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 3776-3785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca K Poole ◽  
Carrisa M Womble ◽  
Matthew H Poore ◽  
Daniel H Poole ◽  
Carrie L Pickworth
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Fescue Toxicosis ◽  
Hemodynamic Responses ◽  
Minimal Impact

Abstract Fescue toxicosis is a multifaceted syndrome common in cattle grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue and is detrimental to growth and performance. Recent research has shown that supplementing protein has the potential to enhance growth performance in weaned steers. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplemental CP on physiological parameters in stocker steers experiencing fescue toxicosis. Thirty-six weaned Angus steers (6 mo of age) stratified by weight (196.1 ± 3.6 kg) were assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement for 56 d: endophyte-free (EF) seed and 14% CP (EF-14; n = 9), EF seed and 18% CP (EF-18; n = 9), endophyte-infected (EI) seed and 14% CP (EI-14; n = 9), and EI seed and 18% CP (EI-18; n = 9). Steer growth and hemodynamic responses were collected weekly during ergot alkaloid exposure. On day 14 of the trial, iButton temperature data loggers were subcutaneously inserted in the lateral neck region to record hourly body temperature for 42 d. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS with repeated measures. No differences were observed in DMI, BW, ADG, F:G, or BCS during the treatment period (P > 0.05). Hair shedding scores, rectal temperatures, surface temperatures, and respiration rates were greater in EI steers compared to EF steers regardless of supplemental CP (P < 0.05). However, subcutaneous body temperature was greater in EI-14 steers (37.94 °C) compared to other steer groups (37.60, 37.68, 37.72 ± 0.04 °C for EF-14, EF-18, and EI-18, respectively; P < 0.05). Prolactin concentrations tended to be greater in EF steers when compared to EI steers (P = 0.07). Heart rate and hematocrit were reduced for EI-18 steers compared to other steer groups (P < 0.05). Caudal artery diameter was reduced in EI-18 steers compared to EI-14 steers (2.60 vs. 2.75 ± 0.05 mm, respectively; P < 0.05) and caudal vein diameter was reduced in EI-18 steers (3.20 mm) compared to all other steer groups (3.36, 3.39, 3.50 mm for EF-14, EF-18, and EI-14, respectively; P < 0.05). However, there was no difference observed in systolic or diastolic blood pressure during the treatment period (P > 0.05). Based on the data, exposure to low to moderate levels of ergot alkaloids during the stocker phase had a negative impact on hemodynamic responses and supplemental CP had minimal impact to alleviate symptoms. Therefore, feeding additional protein above established requirements is not expected to help alleviate fescue toxicosis.

Comparing Effectiveness and Impacts of Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii) Control Treatments and Herbivory on Plant Communities

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Ward ◽  
Scott C. Williams ◽  
Thomas E. Worthley
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Japanese Barberry ◽  
Treatment Type

AbstractTwo factors that can degrade native plant community composition and structure, and hinder restoration efforts, are invasive species and chronic overbrowsing by ungulates such as white-tailed deer. Beginning in 2007, the effectiveness, costs, and impacts of Japanese barberry control treatments and herbivory on nonnative and native plant communities was examined at eight study areas over 4 to 5 yr. Prescribed burning and mechanical mowing by wood shredder or brush saw were utilized as initial treatments to reduce the aboveground portion of established barberry and were equally effective. Without a follow-up treatment, barberry had recovered to 56 to 81% of pretreatment levels 50 to 62 mo after initial treatment. Follow-up treatments in mid-summer to kill new sprouts included directed heating and foliar herbicide applications. Relative to untreated controls, follow-up treatments lowered barberry cover 50 to 62 mo after initial treatment by at least 72%. Although all follow-up treatments were equally effective, the labor cost of directed heating was four times higher than for herbicide applications. Follow-up treatment type (directed heating vs. herbicide) had minimal impact on species other than barberry. White-tailed deer herbivory had a larger impact on other species than did barberry control treatments. Native grass and fern cover was higher outside of exclosures. Areas inside exclosures had higher cover of Oriental bittersweet and multiflora rose, but not Japanese barberry. Thus, recovery of native communities will require more than simply removing the dominant invasive species where deer densities are high. Excellent reduction of Japanese barberry cover can be achieved using either directed heating or herbicides as follow-up treatments in a two-step process, but other invasive plants may become a problem when barberry is removed if deer populations are low.

scholarly journals Possibility of use Artemisia austriaca Jacq. as an indicator of environmental pollution by certain heavy metals

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-39
Author(s):  
Yulia M. Kanibolotskaya
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
State Of The Environment

Due to the increasing negative impact of anthropogenic factors on the state of the environment in man-made regions, the possibility of using Artemisia austriaса Jacq. as an indicator of contamination of industrial areas by some heavy metals and transformation of plant communities under the influence of human activities is being considered. In order to achieve the objective of the study, the content of heavy metals (Ti, Mn, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Sr); in plant metals (A. austriaса) and soil samples selected in the suburbs of Pavlodar and Aksu (Pavlodar region, Kazakhstan) is analyzed at different distances from existing industrial enterprises. Geobotanic studies have also been carried out (using classical methods). A. austriaca, being a digressive-active species, under human-induced conditions often becomes a dominant or subdominant in plant communities (in regions where it has historically been represented in little abundance). Therefore, its capacity to accumulate some heavy metals (according to our research results – Zn and Cr) can be used (taking into account the distance from the source of emissions, age of plants, features of nanorelief and weather conditions) to determine the presence of contamination of industrial (or adjacent) areas, especially in areas of operation of metallurgical enterprises.

scholarly journals Ecological and geochemical features of the landscapes of the Baikal State Natural Biosphere Reserve

2021 ◽  
Vol 885 (1) ◽  
pp. 012049
Author(s):  
E Yu Elsukova ◽  
I Yu Arestova ◽  
E O Chunyaeva ◽  
E O Mordovskoy
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
Ecological State ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Microelement Composition ◽  
Maximum Allowable Concentrations ◽  
Geochemical Assessment

Abstract The aim of the study is a comprehensive assessment of the state of natural-territorial complexes of the Baikal State Natural Biosphere Reserve, including an ecological and geochemical assessment of soils, analysis of plant communities, determination of the ecological and biogeochemical features of the vegetation of the area. The distribution of mobile forms of heavy metals in the soils of the Baikal Biosphere Reserve has been studied. The coefficient of total soil pollution has been calculated. The maximum allowable concentrations exceedances for Cr, Mn, Cu and Pb were registered. Analysis of the microelement composition of the crust of Pinus sibirica showed the accumulation of Cd and Ni in relation to the Dobrovolsky clarke in all the studied areas of the reserve. Based on the studies carried out, it can be recommended to monitor the ecological state of natural territorial complexes on a regular basis on the territory of the Baikal State Biosphere Reserve.

scholarly journals Covid-19, Socio-Economic Impact and the Nigerian Government: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Idowu SS
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Major Player ◽  
Nigerian Government ◽  
Socio Economic Impact

The outbreak of Covid-19 has both local and global implications with the response at both levels. However, national governments are the major player and device strategy and measures to lessen the negative impact on their populace. This paper carried out an overview of the Nigerian case with emphasis on the social and economic sides vis-à-vis government palliatives response measures. The analytical design was used to critically examine secondary data while the social contract theory was employed as a framework. The findings reveal that the Nigerian government efforts to lessen the adverse effects of the pandemic produced minimal impact due to government unpreparedness, corruption and administrative laxity. It recommends that the Nigerian governments should scale up their level of preparation for emergency situations and ramp up investment in the health sector for better performance amongst others.

scholarly journals Assessment of the impact of railway traffic on the state of plant communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 03048
Author(s):  
Elena Popova
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
Anthropogenic Stress ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Anthropogenic Transformation ◽  
Railway Traffic ◽  
Disturbed Habitats ◽  
The Impact

The article reflects the results of studies on the impact of railway traffic on plant communities. The anthropogenic impact on the environment is complex. Many factors affect the species diversity of the flora near railways in different ways. The accumulation of Cd, Zn, Pb, Cr in plants of Pimpinella saxifraga L., Hypericum perforatum L., Trifolium medium L was revealed. The anthropogenic stress leads to disruption of naturally formed ecosystems, which manifests in a decrease in species diversity, density and biological productivity. As a result of the anthropogenic impact adventitious plants appear, the share of which is 11% of the flora. Research in this area contributes to a deeper understanding of the processes of anthropogenic transformation of floristic complexes and should become the basis for environmental monitoring of disturbed habitats.

scholarly journals Natural and Geomorphological Response of the Small Lowland River Valley for Anthropogenic Transformation

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Paweł Oglęcki ◽  
Piotr Sebastian Ostrowski ◽  
Marta Utratna-Żukowska
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
River Regulation ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Lowland River ◽  
Anthropogenic Transformation ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Geomorphic Features ◽  
Natural Forms ◽  
The Relationship

The regulation of small rivers and the consequent maintenance works are common in the Central European Lowlands. This article attempts to determine the relationship between the invertebrate fauna (and consequently the biocenosis) of the small lowland river valley and its landforms (morphodynamics) under the conditions of very large and rapid changes caused by river regulation and maintenance. On this basis, an attempt to analyze the response of the ecosystem to rapid transformations associated with engineering works was made. The study covered Kraska, a small river typical for Polish Lowlands, which has been regulated along almost the entire length. The results showed that, in the regulated sections, where the natural forms of the relief were destroyed, there were significantly fewer taxa and significantly smaller numbers of the specimen. Despite the clear negative impact of the regulatory work on the ecosystem, the river in some sections showed the ability to spontaneously restore certain geomorphic features.

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