scholarly journals Sorbates and benzoates in meat and meat products: Importance, application and determination

2021 ◽  
Vol 854 (1) ◽  
pp. 012005
Author(s):  
A Bajcic ◽  
R B Petronijevic ◽  
M Sefer ◽  
D Trbovic ◽  
V Djordjevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Free Acid ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Diode Array ◽  
Benzoic Acids ◽  
Array Detectors ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Recent views on the use of preservatives sorbic and benzoic acids and their salts in meat products are presented from the point of accordance with current legislation in the Republic of Serbia and the EU, food safety and public health risks, and mainstreams in the methodology for their determination. These preservatives are permitted to be added individually or in combination, the maximum level is applicable to the sum and the levels are expressed as the free acid. Currently set values of the recommended daily intake of sorbate and benzoate are 25 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg, respectively. These values vary and depend on regulations in different countries. Considering control of the use of these additives, the most common methods for their determination are chromatographic methods based on high performance, or high pressure, liquid chromatography with diode array detectors.

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Foods: Human Exposure through the Diet in Catalonia, Spain

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 2325-2331 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEMMA FALCÓ ◽  
JOSE L. DOMINGO ◽  
JUAN M. LLOBET ◽  
ANGEL TEIXIDÓ ◽  
CONRAD CASAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

The dietary intake of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene, and indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene) by the general population of Catalonia, Spain, was calculated. Concentrations of PAHs in food samples randomly acquired in seven cities of Catalonia from June to August 2000 were measured. Eleven food groups were included in the study. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to analyze PAHs. The dietary intakes of total and carcinogenic PAHs was calculated for five population groups: children, adolescents, male adults, female adults, and seniors. Among the analyzed PAHs, there was a predominance of phenanthrene (16.7 μg/kg) and pyrene (10.7 μg/kg). By food group, the highest levels of total PAHs were detected in cereals (14.5 μg/kg) and in meat and meat products (13.4 μg/kg). The mean estimated dietary intake of the sum of the 16 PAHs was as follows: male adults, 8.4 μg/day; adolescents, 8.2 μg/day; children, 7.4 μg/day; seniors, 6.3 μg/day; female adults, 6.3 μg/day. The calculated daily intake of PAHs would be associated with a 5/106 increase in the risk for the development of cancer in a male adult with a body weight of 70 kg.

Trace nutrients 4. Iodine in British food

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Wenlock ◽  
D. H. Buss ◽  
R. E. Moxon ◽  
N. G. Bunton
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Cereal Products ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Food Colour ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Individual Source ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Uk

1. The amounts of iodine in nationally representative samples of prepared and cooked groups of foods and in a wide variety of individual foods and food products were determined colorimetrically. The amounts of erythrosine, a red food colour containing 577 mg I/g were also determined in selected foods and diets by high-performance liquid chromalography.2. The average British diet was calculated to provide 323 μg I/d but only 255 μg if two fruit samples containing large amounts of glacé cherries were discounted. Of the total, 92 μg was derived from liquid milk. Meat and meat products provided 36 μgand cereal products 31 μg, but fresh fruitsand sugars, vegetables and beverages provided little I. Fish and fish products, though rich in I, contributed only 5% to the total intake.3. Milk was the most variable as well as the most important individual source of I. Summer milk samples contained 70 μg/kg and winter milk 370 μkg on average. Milk products, including butter and cheese, and eggs were also rich in I.4. Some processed foods contained erythrosine, particularly glacé cherries and some pink or red confectionery items, biscuits, cherry cake, canned strawberries and luncheon meat. However, none of these are major foods in the average household diet and erythrosine would therefore contribute little more than 10 μg I/d to most diets.5. The average daily intake of I was lower than in similar studies in the USA, but wastwice the provisional UK recommended intake. This study provides no evidence that I intakes in the UK could be too low or loo high for health.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Mycotoxins through Polish Beer Consumption

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Grajewski ◽  
Robert Kosicki ◽  
Magdalena Twarużek ◽  
Anna Błajet-Kosicka
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Beer Consumption ◽  
Food Consumption Data ◽  
The Mean

Poland is one of Europe’s leading producers and exporters of beer. The study, herein, describes the measurement of ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol, and zearalenone levels in 69 Polish beers. Analytical methodologies based on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and fluorescence detection were developed, validated, and used to perform the above determinations. The most prevalent mycotoxins were deoxynivalenol (96%), ochratoxin A (93%), and HT-2 toxin (74%), respectively. Three quarters of the samples contained at least three analytes. The mean ochratoxin A concentration was 0.057 (SD 0.065) ng/mL, and in four beer samples its level exceeded 0.2 ng/mL, a value postulated in the literature to be the maximum limit. Deoxynivalenol was found at a maximum level of 56.2 ng/mL, and its mean concentration was 17.1 (SD 9.0) ng/mL. An evaluation of the estimated daily intake (EDI) of mycotoxins from beer in different European populations was made using food-consumption data prepared by WHO. Based on the mean ochratoxin A concentration in beers, the EDI represented 0.8–1.1% of the tolerable daily intake (TDI), while in a worst-case scenario (maximum concentration) it reached 5.0–7.5% of TDI. For deoxynivalenol, the EDI was in the range of 4.1–6.0% of TDI, whereas, based on maximum values, it reached the level of 14–21% of TDI. There were no significant differences between “scenarios” in the HT-2 case (mean—5.0–7.5% of TDI; maximum—6.5–9.7% of TDI) due to the fact that its concentration was near the limit of quantification (LOQ) value taken for calculation. The significance of these results are discussed, herein.

scholarly journals Development and validation of a high performance liquid chromatography/diode array detection method for estrogen determination: Application to residual analysis in meat products

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 995-1010
Author(s):  
Sadeem S. Alqahtani ◽  
Deema M. Bin Humaid ◽  
Sabreen H. Alshail ◽  
Dalal T. AlShammari ◽  
Hessa Al-Showiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Residual Analysis ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Natural Estrogens ◽  
Ich Guidelines ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Development And Validation

AbstractIn this work, an HPLC-DAD method was developed for the residual analysis of some estrogens such as estrone (E1), 17-β estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), natural estrogens, and 17-α ethinylestradiol (E4), an exoestrogen, in meat samples of different categories (chicken, n = 155, beef, n = 124, sheep, n = 122, and camels, n = 40), collected from the Saudi Market. Although banned, the use of E4 as a growth promoter in the black market is still encountered. Symmetry C18 column (3.5 µm, 4.6 mm × 150 mm) was used with a mobile phase consisting of 50% aqueous acetonitrile. Protein precipitation with acetonitrile was used for the sample preparation. The method was fully validated, as per the ICH guidelines, in the concentration ranges of 0.35–125 µg/g (E1, E2), 0.188–125 µg/g (E3), and 0.188–450 µg/g (E4). The method allowed the trace analysis of estrogens with LOD values of 0.094 (E3, E4) and 0.126 µg/g (E1, E2), and LOQ values of 0.188 (E3, E4) and 0.350 µg/g (E1, E2). The analyzed samples contained different levels of estrogens. Within the same category, processed products contained the highest levels of E4, while the internal organs contained the least estrogen content. Finally, the estimated daily intake, µg/kg bw/day, of estrogens through the consumption of meat-based food products was calculated.

scholarly journals Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in smoked meat and fish

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 383-388
Author(s):  
Alicja Niewiadowska ◽  
Tomasz Kiljanek ◽  
Stanisław Semeniuk ◽  
Krzysztof Niemczuk ◽  
Jan Żmudzki
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Meat Product ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Eu Legislation ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the study was to assess the occurrence and to determine the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in traditionally smoked meat and fish products of domestic production in relation to the amendment in the EU legislation. The determinations of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, and chrysene were carried out in 286 meat product samples, which included 161 sausage samples and 125 samples of other smoked meats (ham, loins, bacon, etc.) as well as 17 fish samples, using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The highest mean concentrations of PAH4 (sum of benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, and chrysene) were determined in sausages – 21.0 µg/kg, including benzo(a)pyrene 2.6 µg/kg, lower in other meat products: PAH4 – 9.2 µg/kg and BaP 1.2 µg/kg, and lowest in fish: PAH4 – 2.0 µg/kg and BaP of 0.2 µg/kg. The maximum level (ML) for PAH4 (12 µg/kg) was exceeded in 30.8%, and ML for BaP (2.0 µg/kg) in 25.9% of smoked meat product samples. Evaluation of PAH levels in traditionally smoked sausages indicates differences in the concentrations of PAH4 depending on the smoking techniques and the type of wood used for smoking.

scholarly journals Histamine contents in raw long-ripening meat products commercially available in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosław Michalski ◽  
Marzena Pawul-Gruba ◽  
Anna Madejska
Keyword(s):  
Biogenic Amines ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Histamine Concentration ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Introduction Many consumers seek long-ripening meat products. The availability of these highly distinctive cured pork varieties is continuously expanding and their safety should be subject to monitoring. One of potentially harmful substances in these products is histamine. The presence of this toxic amine is reported in many countries, even in high concentrations. However, the EU has not regulated the permissible histamine content in meat, in a situation at odds with that of regulated fish and fish products. This study established the usefulness of biogenic amine testing in long-ripening pork and furnished indicative concentrations potential useful as a background for future research in preparation for EU regulative intervention. Material and Methods A total of 97 samples of long-ripening meat products untreated by heat were bought from various shops in the Puławy and Lublin regions of Poland and tested for the presence of histamine using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array. Results The histamine concentration ranged from below limit of detection to 346.64 mg/kg, where 3.47 mg/kg was the lowest in a positive sample. Histamine was detected in 48 samples (49.5%). The maximum amount of histamine was identified in dry ham and the minimum in traditional salami. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that testing meat products for biogenic amines should be a very good indicator of the food safety of long-ripening meats. In half of the tested products, levels of biogenic amines potentially toxic to consumers were determined.

scholarly journals Natural Occurrence of Deoxynivalenol in Cereal-Based Baby Foods for Infants from Western Poland

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 777
Author(s):  
Kinga Mruczyk ◽  
Angelika Cisek-Woźniak ◽  
Małgorzata Mizgier ◽  
Rafał W. Wójciak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Infant Food ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Estimated Daily Intake ◽  
Fluorescence Detector ◽  
Infants And Young Children

The study examined 110 samples of baby products based on rice, wheat, maize and multi-grains available on the western Polish market in order to detect the level of deoxynivalenol (DON) by means of HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) with a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD). DON was detected in 9.09% of the infant food samples, with an average and maximum level of 107.8 ± 30 and 148 μg/kg, respectively. The highest concentration of DON was detected in food for infants: wheat-based (mean 121 ± 7.07, 4.8%), multi-grain (mean 118 ± 5.65, 4.25%) and maize-based (mean 100 ± 37.96; 35.30%). No high DON content and high estimated daily intake were observed in the analyzed products. However, in order to minimize the harmfulness associated with the presence of DON in food for infants and young children, a risk assessment should be performed based on the monitoring results.

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