scholarly journals Natural Occurrence of Deoxynivalenol in Cereal-Based Baby Foods for Infants from Western Poland

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 777
Author(s):  
Kinga Mruczyk ◽  
Angelika Cisek-Woźniak ◽  
Małgorzata Mizgier ◽  
Rafał W. Wójciak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Infant Food ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Estimated Daily Intake ◽  
Fluorescence Detector ◽  
Infants And Young Children

The study examined 110 samples of baby products based on rice, wheat, maize and multi-grains available on the western Polish market in order to detect the level of deoxynivalenol (DON) by means of HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) with a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD). DON was detected in 9.09% of the infant food samples, with an average and maximum level of 107.8 ± 30 and 148 μg/kg, respectively. The highest concentration of DON was detected in food for infants: wheat-based (mean 121 ± 7.07, 4.8%), multi-grain (mean 118 ± 5.65, 4.25%) and maize-based (mean 100 ± 37.96; 35.30%). No high DON content and high estimated daily intake were observed in the analyzed products. However, in order to minimize the harmfulness associated with the presence of DON in food for infants and young children, a risk assessment should be performed based on the monitoring results.

scholarly journals Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Contamination of Flamed and Braised Chickens and Health Risk Assessment in Burkina Faso

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Bazoin Sylvain Raoul Bazié ◽  
Caroline Douny ◽  
Thomas Judicaël Ouilly ◽  
Djidjoho Joseph Hounhouigan ◽  
Aly Savadogo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Fluorescence Detector ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Charcoal- or wood-cooked chicken is a street-vended food in Burkina Faso. In this study, 15 samples of flamed chicken and 13 samples of braised chicken were analyzed for 15 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with a high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector. A face-to-face survey was conducted to assess the consumption profiles of 300 men and 300 women. The health risk was assessed based on the margin of exposure (MOE) principle. BaP (14.95–1.75 μg/kg) and 4PAHs (BaP + Chr + BaA + BbF) (78.46–15.14 μg/kg) were eight and five times more abundant at the median level in flamed chickens than in braised ones, respectively. The contents of BaP and 4PAHs in all flamed chicken samples were above the limits set by the European Commission against 23% for both in braised chickens. Women had the highest maximum daily consumption of both braised (39.65 g/day) and flamed chickens (105.06 g/day). At the estimated maximum level of consumption, women were respectively 3.64 (flamed chicken) and 1.62 (braised chicken) times more exposed to BaP and 4PAHs than men. MOE values ranged between 8140 and 9591 for men and between 2232 and 2629 for women at the maximum level of consumption of flamed chickens, indicating a slight potential carcinogenic risk.

scholarly journals Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Consumption of Vegetables Irrigated with Tin Mine Pond Water in Jos – South, Plateau State

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Mafuyai ◽  
S. Ugbidye ◽  
G. I. Ezekiel
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Estimated Daily Intake ◽  
Health Risk Index ◽  
Plateau State

The water range from Pb (1.439 – 1.715), Cu (0.234 – 0.377), Cd (0.838 – 1.346), Zn (0.448 – 1.110), Cr (0.144 – 0.794), Mn (0.777 – 2.011) and As (0.584 – 1.341) mg/L.  The range in soil was Pb (67.5 – 120), Cu (8.51 – 32.5), Cd (0.21 – 1.72), Zn (70.8 – 85.6), Cr (15.8 – 29.5), Mn (14.6 – 19.1) and As (52.0 – 198) mg/kg and  in the vegetables in the range of Pb (0.177 – 0.545), Cu (0.073 – 0.748), Cd (0.005 – 0.019), Zn (0.264 – 0.915), Cr (0.089 – 0.158), Mn (0.162 – 0.253) and As (0.032 – 0.245) mg/kg. The study shows that the transfer coefficient of the heavy metals to vegetable was less than one (< 1). The estimated daily intake (DIM) of heavy metals from vegetables irrigated with tin mine pond water were in the order: Cd > Zn > Mn > Cr > Cu > Pb > As.  The health risk index (HRI) of all the studied heavy metals indicated that all vegetables were safe with no risk to human health except for Cd.  health risk assessment of heavy metals in consumption of vegetables irrigated with tin mine pond water in Jos - South, Plateau State

scholarly journals Estimated Daily Intake and Cumulative Risk Assessment of Phthalates in the General Taiwanese after the 2011 DEHP Food Scandal

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Wei Chang ◽  
Ching-Chang Lee ◽  
Wen-Harn Pan ◽  
Wei-Chun Chou ◽  
Han-Bin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Estimated Daily Intake

scholarly journals The occurrence of aflatoxins and human health risk estimations in randomly obtained maize from some markets in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nii Korley Kortei ◽  
Theophilus Annan ◽  
Papa Toah Akonor ◽  
Seidu A. Richard ◽  
Helen Ama Annan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Estimated Daily Intake ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Margin Of Exposure

AbstractMaize and its products are most often prone to fungal contamination especially during cultivation and storage by toxigenic fungi. Aflatoxicosis still persist in Ghana despite the numerous education on several ways of its prevention at the farm as well as its adverse health implications which are food safety concerns. A random assessment and human risk analysis was conducted on 90 maize (72 white and 18 colored) samples from markets across all the regions of Ghana. Total aflatoxins (AFtotal) and the constitutive aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2) were analyzed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Out of a total of ninety (90) samples investigated, 72 (80%) tested positive for AFB1 and the contamination levels ranged from 0.78 ± 0.04 to 339.3 ± 8.6 µg kg−1. Similarly, AFG2 was detected in only 14 (15.5%) samples, and their values ranged between 1.09 ± 0.03 and 5.51 ± 0.26 µg kg−1 while AF total ranged between 0.78 ± 0.04 and 445.01 ± 8.9 µg kg−1 constituting approximately 72 (80%). Limits of AFB1 and total aflatoxins (AFtotal) for the Ghana Standards Authority (GSA) (5 and 10 µg kg−1) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (2 and 4 µg kg−1), were used as checks. A total of 33 (41.25%) samples were above the limits for both. Risk assessments recorded for Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Hazard Quotient (H.Q), Hazard Index (H.I), Margin of Exposure (MOE), av. Potency, and population risks ranged 0.087–0.38 μg kg−1 bw day−1, 1.5–6.9, 0.0087–0.38, 3.64–12.09, 0–0.0396 ng Aflatoxins kg−1 bw day−1 and, 3.5 × 10–1–0.015 respectively for total aflatoxins. While ranges for aflatoxins B1 (AFB1) recorded were 0.068–0.3 μg Kg bw−1 day−1, 2.43–10.64, 0.0068–0.030, 4.73–20.51, 0–0.0396 ng Aflatoxins kg−1 bw day−1 and, 2.69 × 10–3–0.012 for Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Hazard Quotient (H.Q), Hazard Index (H.I), Margin of Exposure (MOE), Av. potency, and population risks respectively. It was deduced that although there was some observed contamination of maize across the different ecological zones, the consumption of maize (white and colored) posed no adverse health effects on the population of Ghana since computed H.I was less than 1 (< 1).

scholarly journals Longitudinal assessment of mycotoxin co-exposures in exclusively breastfed infants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Braun ◽  
Eva Schernhammer ◽  
Doris Marko ◽  
Benedikt Warth
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Infant Food ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Alternariol Monomethyl Ether ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Milk Samples

ABSTRACTEarly-life development of infants may be critically affected by man-made or natural contaminants including mycotoxins. However, data on the occurrence of food contaminants in breast milk is scarce and prohibits a comprehensive exposure and risk assessment for mothers and their infants.Here, we present a longitudinal exposure assessment over the first 211 days of a single newborn girl (study A) by measuring multiple mycotoxins in milk. Eighty-seven consecutive breast milk samples were obtained from the newborn’s mother living in Austria and following a regular mixed diet. Mycotoxins were analyzed by utilizing a highly sensitive LC-MS/MS approach covering 29 mycotoxins and key metabolites. In addition to this longitudinal study, three mothers provided breast milk samples each on five consecutive days, for a preliminary comparison of inter-day and inter-individual variation in exposures (study B). Study A revealed that mycotoxin occurrence in breast milk was limited to the emerging mycotoxins alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), beauvericin (BEA), enniatins (A, A1, B, B1) and to ochratoxin A (OTA), which is regulated in commercial infant food. These mycotoxins were, if present, mostly detected at very low concentrations (<10 ng/L), except AME which exceeded this concentration on two distinct days by a factor of 3x and 5x. Overall, longitudinal results indicated chronic low-dose exposure to the detected mycotoxins. Other regulated mycotoxins including the carcinogenic aflatoxins or the estrogenic zearalenone and their biotransformation products were absent in all tested samples. Study B confirmed the results of study A, with minimal inter-day and inter-individual variation. In addition, a preliminary correlation of OTA levels occurring in breast milk and matched urine samples was found (r=0.64, p=0.034) in study B. Based on the data set obtained in study A, exposure of the infant was estimated. Exposure estimates of individual mycotoxins were on average below 1 ng/kg body weight per day.Our preliminary findings suggest that recommended maximum daily intake levels might not be exceeded in the Austrian population. However, exposure is likely to be higher in populations with lower food safety standards. In the light of co-occurrence of several emerging mycotoxins in breast milk, future studies should address low-dose mixture effects. This also includes other environmental contaminants which may be present in this bio-fluid and should involve an exposome-scale risk assessment. All these efforts must be intended to minimize exposure of mothers and infants in a window of high susceptibility.

scholarly journals Determination of Synthetic Dyes in Various Food Samples of Iran’s Market and their Risk Assessment of Daily Intake

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Zahedi ◽  
Amir Shakerian ◽  
Ebrahim Rahimi ◽  
Reza Sharafati Chaleshtori
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Synthetic Dyes

scholarly journals Levels and health risk assessment of organochlorine pesticide residues in vegetables from Yamaltu area in Gombe, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sulaiman ◽  
Aishatu Maigari ◽  
Janefrances Ihedioha ◽  
Rasheed Lawal ◽  
Abdullahi Gimba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Estimated Daily Intake ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticide Residues ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All

The study determined the levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) residues and assesses health risks linked with the consumption of vegetables cultivated in the Yamaltu area in Gombe, Nigeria. OCPs residues were solvent extracted and analyzed with a high performance liquid chromatography equipped with UV/VIS Detector. The mean concentrations of ten detected OCPs residues were almost all above the set limit of EU/WHOMRL. The estimated daily intake of OCPs from samples was below the acceptable daily intake, hazard index estimated were <1, indicated no probable non-carcinogenic health effect, while the carcinogenic health effect showed that children were more vulnerable for the consumption of the contaminated vegetables.

scholarly journals Exposure and risk characterizations of ochratoxins A and aflatoxins through maize (Zea mays) consumed in different agro-ecological zones of Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nii Korley Kortei ◽  
Theophilus Annan ◽  
Vincent Kyei-Baffour ◽  
Edward Ken Essuman ◽  
Harry Okyere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
Fluorescence Detector ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

AbstractMycotoxin contamination of foodstuffs is a serious food safety concern globally as the prolonged ingestion of these toxins has the tendency to worsen the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. This study aimed at estimating ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxin (AF) levels above international (European Food Safety Authority, EFSA) and local (Ghana Standards Authority, GSA) standards as well as the health risks associated with the consumption of maize (n = 180) sampled from six (6) regions representing the agro-ecological zones of Ghana. OTA and AF were measured with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with a Fluorescence detector. Out of the 180 samples analyzed for total aflatoxins (AFtotal), 131/180 tested positive and 127 (70.50%) exceeded the limits of EFSA and ranged 4.27–441.02 µg/kg. While for GSA, 116 (64.44%) of samples exceeded this limit and ranged between 10.18 and 441.02 µg/kg. For OTA, 103/180 tested positive and 94 (52.22%) of samples between the range 4.00–97.51 µg/kg exceeded the tolerable limit of EFSA, whereas 89 (49.44%) and were in the range of 3.30–97.51 µg/kg exceeded the limits of GSA. Risk assessment values for total aflatoxins (AFtotal) ranged between 50 and 1150 ng/kg bw/day, 0.4–6.67, 0–0.0323 aflatoxins ng/kg bw/day and 1.62–37.15 cases/100,000 person/year for Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Margin of Exposure (MOE), Average Potency, and Cancer Risks respectively. Likewise, ochratoxin (OTA) values were in the ranges of 8.6 × 10–3–450 ng/kg bw/day, 0.05–2059.97, 0–0.0323 ochratoxins ng/kg bw/day and 2.78 × 10–4–14.54 cases/100,000 person/year. Consumption of maize posed adverse health effects in all age categories of the locations studied since the calculated MOE values were less than 10,000.

scholarly journals The Occurrence of Aflatoxins and Human Health Risk Estimations in Randomly Obtained Maize from Some Markets in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nii Korley Kortei ◽  
Theophilus Annan ◽  
Papa Toah Akonor ◽  
Seidu Richard ◽  
Helen Annan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Estimated Daily Intake ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Margin Of Exposure

Abstract Maize and its products are most often prone to fungal contamination especially during cultivation and storage by toxigenic fungi. Aflatoxicosis still persist in Ghana despite the numerous education on several ways of its prevention at the farm as well as its adverse health implications which are food safety concerns. A random assessment and human risk analysis was conducted on 90 maize (72 white and 18 colored) samples from markets across all the regions of Ghana. Total aflatoxins (AFtotal) and the constitutive aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2) were analyzed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Out of a total of ninety (90) samples investigated, 72 (80%) tested positive for AFB1 and the contamination levels ranged from 0.78 ± 0.04–339.3 ± 8.6µg/kg. Similarly, AFG2 was detected in only 14 (15.5%) samples, and their values ranged between 1.09 ± 0.03–5.51 ± 0.26 µg/kg while AF total ranged between 0.78 ± 0.04- 445.01 ± 8.9 µg/kg constituting approximately 72 (80%). Limits of AFB1 and total aflatoxins (AFtotal) for the Ghana Standards Authority (GSA) (5 and 10 µg/kg) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (2 and 4 µg/kg), were used as checks. A total of 33 (41.25%) samples were above the limits for both. Risk assessments recorded for Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Hazard Quotient (H.Q), Hazard Index (H.I), Margin of Exposure (MOE), av. Potency, and population risks ranged 0.087–0.38 µg/Kg.bw/day, 1.5–6.9, 0.0087-0.38, 3.64–12.09, 0-0.0396 ng Aflatoxins kg− 1bwday− 1 and, 3.5x10− 1 – 0.015 respectively for total aflatoxins. While ranges for aflatoxins B1 (AFB1) recorded were 0.068-0.3 µg/Kg.bw/day, 2.43–10.64, 0.0068-0.030, 4.73–20.51, 0-0.0396 ng Aflatoxins kg− 1bwday− 1 and, 2.69 x10− 3-0.012 for Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Hazard Quotient (H.Q), Hazard Index (H.I), Margin of Exposure (MOE), Av. potency, and population risks respectively. It was deduced that although there was some observed contamination of maize across the different ecological zones, the consumption of maize (white and colored) posed no adverse health effects on the population of Ghana since computed H.I was less than 1 (< 1).

scholarly journals Occurrence and Exposure Assessment of Aflatoxin B1 and Ochra-toxin A in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) from Tunisia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lasram ◽  
Z. Hamdi ◽  
A. Ghorbel
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Fluorescence Detector

Background: Ochratoxin A (OTA) and Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) are toxic secondary  metabolites produced by certain mold species. In this primarily survey, we examined the OTA and AFB1 contamination of pearl millet grains distributed in Tunisia. Methods: Twenty-five pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) samples from different regions of Tunisia were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with fluorescence detector in order to evaluate the contamination with of AFB1 and OTA. Statistical tests were performed with XLSTAT 2018. Results: AFB1 and OTA were detected in 32 and 28% millet samples, respectively. Mean amounts of these mycotoxins in the contaminated samples were of 24.54±17.54 µg/kg for OTA and 22.72±23.09 µg/kg for AFB1. Approximately, 28 and 24% of analyzed samples were found above the European Union limits for AFB1 and OTA, respectively. The estimated daily intake of OTA and AFB1 were 3.76 and 3.89 ng/kg b.w. per day, respectively. No significantly (p>0.05) difference in OTA and AFB1 contamination rate was found between samples taken from different regions. Conclusion: Consumption of millet in Tunisia might be an important contributing factor to the risk of dietary exposure to OTA and AFB1

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