scholarly journals Building energy simulations for different building types equipped with a high performance thermochromic smart window

2021 ◽  
Vol 855 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
D Mann ◽  
C Yeung ◽  
R Habets ◽  
Z Vroon ◽  
P Buskens
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Smart Window ◽  
Smart Windows ◽  
The Impact

Abstract With constantly progressing climate change and global warming, we face the challenge to reduce our energy consumption and CO2 emission. To increase the energy-efficiency in buildings, we developed a thermochromic coating for smart windows which is optimized for intermediate climates. Here we present a building energy simulation study for the use of our smart window in the four main residential building types in the Netherlands. In the study we show that for all building types energy savings between 15-30% can be achieved. Hereby the impact of the windows on energy consumption is dependent on the window surface area as well as the total floor space. Furthermore we show that by the use of our new smart window, where the thermochromic coating is combined with a standard low-e coating, annual cost savings for energy between 220-445 € for a single household can be achieved. The thermochromic coating usually accounts for half of these cost savings, that is an addition in cost savings between 6-7.5 €/m2 glass. Due to the low material and processing costs for the thermochromic coating, a return on invest within 7 years should be feasible with these annual cost savings.

scholarly journals Comparative Building Energy Simulation Study of Static and Thermochromically Adaptive Energy-Efficient Glazing in Various Climate Regions

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Mann ◽  
Cindy Yeung ◽  
Roberto Habets ◽  
Zeger Vroon ◽  
Pascal Buskens
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Smart Windows ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Static Energy ◽  
Energy Simulations

The building sector contributes approximately one third of the total energy consumption worldwide. A large part of this energy is used for the heating and cooling of buildings, which can be drastically reduced by use of energy-efficient glazing. In this study, we performed building energy simulations on a prototypical residential building, and compared commercially available static (low-e, solar IR blocking) to newly developed adaptive thermochromic glazing systems for various climate regions. The modeling results show that static energy-efficient glazing is mainly optimized for either hot climates, where low solar heat gain can reduce cooling demands drastically, or cold climates, where low-e properties have a huge influence on heating demands. For intermediate climates, we demonstrate that adaptive thermochromic glazing in combination with a low-e coating is perfectly suited. The newly developed thermochromic glazing can lead to annual energy consumption improvement of up to 22% in comparison to clear glass, which exceeds all other glazing systems. Furthermore, we demonstrate that in the Netherlands the use of this new glazing system can lead to annual cost savings of EU 638 per dwelling (172 m2, 25% window façade), and to annual nationwide CO2 savings of 4.5 Mt. Ergo, we show that further development of thermochromic smart windows into market-ready products can have a huge economic, ecological and societal impact on all intermediate climate region in the northern hemisphere.

scholarly journals Long-Term Prediction of Weather for Analysis of Residential Building Energy Consumption in Australia

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4805
Author(s):  
Shu Chen ◽  
Zhengen Ren ◽  
Zhi Tang ◽  
Xianrong Zhuo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Building Energy Consumption ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
The Impact

Globally, buildings account for nearly 40% of the total primary energy consumption and are responsible for 20% of the total greenhouse gas emissions. Energy consumption in buildings is increasing with the increasing world population and improving standards of living. Current global warming conditions will inevitably impact building energy consumption. To address this issue, this report conducted a comprehensive study of the impact of climate change on residential building energy consumption. Using the methodology of morphing, the weather files were constructed based on the typical meteorological year (TMY) data and predicted data generated from eight typical global climate models (GCMs) for three representative concentration pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5) from 2020 to 2100. It was found that the most severe situation would occur in scenario RCP8.5, where the increase in temperature will reach 4.5 °C in eastern Australia from 2080–2099, which is 1 °C higher than that in other climate zones. With the construction of predicted weather files in 83 climate zones all across Australia, ten climate zones (cities)—ranging from heating-dominated to cooling-dominated regions—were selected as representative climate zones to illustrate the impact of climate change on heating and cooling energy consumption. The quantitative change in the energy requirements for space heating and cooling, along with the star rating, was simulated for two representative detached houses using the AccuRate software. It could be concluded that the RCP scenarios significantly affect the energy loads, which is consistent with changes in the ambient temperature. The heating load decreases for all climate zones, while the cooling load increases. Most regions in Australia will increase their energy consumption due to rising temperatures; however, the energy requirements of Adelaide and Perth would not change significantly, where the space heating and cooling loads are balanced due to decreasing heating and increasing cooling costs in most scenarios. The energy load in bigger houses will change more than that in smaller houses. Furthermore, Brisbane is the most sensitive region in terms of relative space energy changes, and Townsville appears to be the most sensitive area in terms of star rating change in this study. The impact of climate change on space building energy consumption in different climate zones should be considered in future design strategies due to the decades-long lifespans of Australian residential houses.

A Detached House Simulation Using the International Building Physics Toolbox in Matlab\Simulink

2012 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 567-574
Author(s):  
Vlad Muresan ◽  
Balan Radu ◽  
Donca Radu ◽  
Laura Pacurar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Matlab Toolbox ◽  
Energy Behavior ◽  
Detached House ◽  
Building Physics ◽  
Radiant Floor Heating ◽  
The Impact

Energy savings are an important issue in the context of climate change. The main goal of researchers is to study and develop new methods of improving energy efficiency in household heating. In this paper a Matlab toolbox is presented and explained. The toolbox is developed for researchers and students interested in simulating building energy behavior. A test room is developed and simulated and a radiator model is implemented. Two types of heating are used during the simulation: a radiant floor heating and a panel radiator. A simple on-off control is used for each heating system. The goal of the paper is to study the impact on energy consumption of each heating system used and their impact on energy consumption when the two heating systems are used in different configurations.

Analysis on the Effect of Shape Coefficient to Energy Saving in Residential Buildings

2012 ◽  
Vol 450-451 ◽  
pp. 1425-1428
Author(s):  
Xiao Ping Feng ◽  
Hui Lin ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Hu Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Shape Coefficient ◽  
Building Shape ◽  
Building Plane ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Building shape coefficient is an important factor in building energy saving design. In order to analyze the influence of shape coefficient to the energy consumption, a typical residential building is simulated by BECS software to analyze the changing regular patterns of the energy consumption for heating and air conditioning while the building shape coefficient is made different. The relationship between building height and shape coefficient, and the impact of the building plane layout on the energy consumption are also analyzed. The results show that the reduction of shape coefficient is benefit to enhance the effect of energy saving.

scholarly journals Sustainable Requalification: Hemp, Raw Earth, Sun, and Wind for Energy Strategies in a Case Study in Naples, Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 6150
Author(s):  
Gigliola Ausiello ◽  
Luca Di Girolamo ◽  
Antonio Marano
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Natural Materials ◽  
Green Approach

This paper highlights the development of strategies using a green approach that can be adopted to manage interventions to promote energy efficiency. It focuses on the result of a case study carried out on an existing residential building located in Naples, Italy. The green methodology adopted in this study met the needs and requests of the building owner, who asked for natural materials. We assessed the possibility of maximizing achievable thermal energy savings and hygrometric behavior, starting from the climatic characteristics. The first step was to evaluate the aspects related to sunshine, thermal inputs, natural lighting, and natural ventilation, and prevailing winds. Subsequently, the casing was redesigned with the aim of minimizing energy consumption by using natural materials. Such materials added value to the project by combining high performance and considerations of the residents’ health. The objective here was to identify strategies for the well-being of residents both in winter and summer, by reducing energy consumption and installation management costs as well as increasing livability.

scholarly journals Reducing The Energy Consumption By Using Floor Heating With Phase Change Materials In The Toronto Climate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Fialkov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Radiant Floor Heating System ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Floor Heating

This major research project focuses on reducing the energy consumption, by modelling a radiant floor heating system with phase change materials, in the Toronto climate. Computer generated simulations were performed using DesignBuilder software, using an example of a typical condominium in Toronto .Two south facing suites and two north facing suites were investigated. Of those suites, one north facing suite had PCM below the finished floor, as well as one south facing suite. The objective of these simulations was to determine the impact of using PCM in the condo suites. Three different types of PCM were used, in order to determine which type had the biggest energy savings. The PCMs were M91/Q21, M51/Q21 and M27/Q21. The final results showed that the suites with the M27/Q21 PCM had the lowest energy usage. A cost savings comparison was performed based on the rate of energy used and the cost of the energy, provided by the Ontario Energy Board.

scholarly journals A Hybrid Simulation Model to Predict the Cooling Energy Consumption for Residential Housing in Hong Kong

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4850
Author(s):  
Kwok Wai Mui ◽  
Ling Tim Wong ◽  
Manoj Kumar Satheesan ◽  
Anjana Balachandran
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Hybrid Simulation ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Building Energy Efficiency

In Hong Kong, buildings consume 90% of the electricity generated and over 60% of the city’s carbon emissions are attributable to generating power for buildings. In 2018, Hong Kong residential sector consumed 41,965 TJ (26%) of total electricity generated, with private housing accounting for 52% and public housing taking in 26%, making them the two major contributors of greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, air conditioning was the major source consuming 38% of the electricity generated for the residential building segment. Strategizing building energy efficiency measures to reduce the cooling energy consumption of the residential building sector can thus have far-reaching benefits. This study proposes a hybrid simulation strategy that integrates artificial intelligence techniques with a building energy simulation tool (EnergyPlus™) to predict the annual cooling energy consumption of residential buildings in Hong Kong. The proposed method predicts long-term thermal energy demand (annual cooling energy consumption) based on short-term (hourly) simulated data. The hybrid simulation model can analyze the impacts of building materials, construction solutions, and indoor–outdoor temperature variations on the cooling energy consumed in apartments. The results indicate that using low thermal conductivity building materials for windows and external walls can reduce the annual cooling energy consumption by 8.19%, and decreasing the window-to-wall ratio from 80% to 40% can give annual cooling energy savings of up to 18%. Moreover, significant net annual cooling energy savings of 13.65% can be achieved by changing the indoor set-point temperature from 24 °C to 26 °C. The proposed model will serve as a reference for building energy efficiency practitioners to identify key relationships between building physical characteristics and operational strategies to minimize cooling energy demand at a minimal time in comparison to traditional energy estimation methods.

Impact of Window-Wall Ratio on Air Conditioning Energy Consumption under Different Residential Using Modes in Guangzhou

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 1123-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Shan Li ◽  
Yan Gao ◽  
Guo Jun Zhao ◽  
Ya Zhou Jing
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Building Energy Consumption ◽  
Operation Modes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Energy Consumption Simulation

In this paper, with the aid of energy consumption simulation software DeST-h, the annual air conditioning energy consumption of a typical residential building in Guangzhou was simulated to study the impact of window-wall ratio on the energy consumption under two different operation modes: natural and mechanical. It was revealed that increasing of south window-wall ratio, building energy consumption is increased under all mechanical mode, but reduces under nature priority mode.

scholarly journals Reducing The Energy Consumption By Using Floor Heating With Phase Change Materials In The Toronto Climate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Fialkov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Radiant Floor Heating System ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Floor Heating

This major research project focuses on reducing the energy consumption, by modelling a radiant floor heating system with phase change materials, in the Toronto climate. Computer generated simulations were performed using DesignBuilder software, using an example of a typical condominium in Toronto .Two south facing suites and two north facing suites were investigated. Of those suites, one north facing suite had PCM below the finished floor, as well as one south facing suite. The objective of these simulations was to determine the impact of using PCM in the condo suites. Three different types of PCM were used, in order to determine which type had the biggest energy savings. The PCMs were M91/Q21, M51/Q21 and M27/Q21. The final results showed that the suites with the M27/Q21 PCM had the lowest energy usage. A cost savings comparison was performed based on the rate of energy used and the cost of the energy, provided by the Ontario Energy Board.

scholarly journals Review on Urban Heat Island in China: Methods, Its Impact on Buildings Energy Demand and Mitigation Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 762
Author(s):  
Liu Tian ◽  
Yongcai Li ◽  
Jun Lu ◽  
Jue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Building Energy Consumption ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The Impact

High population density, dense high-rise buildings, and impervious pavements increase the vulnerability of cities, which aggravate the urban climate environment characterized by the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Cities in China provide unique information on the UHI phenomenon because they have experienced rapid urbanization and dramatic economic development, which have had a great influence on the climate in recent decades. This paper provides a review of recent research on the methods and impacts of UHI on building energy consumption, and the practical techniques that can be used to mitigate the adverse effects of UHI in China. The impact of UHI on building energy consumption depends largely on the local microclimate, the urban area features where the building is located, and the type and characteristics of the building. In the urban areas dominated by air conditioning, UHI could result in an approximately 10–16% increase in cooling energy consumption. Besides, the potential negative effects of UHI can be prevented from China in many ways, such as urban greening, cool material, water bodies, urban ventilation, etc. These strategies could have a substantial impact on the overall urban thermal environment if they can be used in the project design stage of urban planning and implemented on a large scale. Therefore, this study is useful to deepen the understanding of the physical mechanisms of UHI and provide practical approaches to fight the UHI for the urban planners, public health officials, and city decision-makers in China.

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