scholarly journals Differences in microhabitat and morphology of two sympatric congeneric species Palaquium maliliensis and Palaquium obovatum in the education forest of Hasanuddin University

2021 ◽  
Vol 886 (1) ◽  
pp. 012043
Author(s):  
M A Palgunadi ◽  
N P Oka ◽  
A Achmad
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Data ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sympatric Speciation ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Genetic Isolation ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Geographic Isolation ◽  
Morphological Measurement ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Difference Test

Abstract Two species of Palaquium (P. maliliensis and P. obovatum) were found coexist in same habitat in the educational forest of Hasanuddin University (Unhas). Two or more species are living in a habitat could be formed from similar parent through genetic isolation process without geographic isolation and was classified as sympatric congeneric species. So far, sympatric congeneric species is still controversial among researchers. Based on this case, the purpose of this study was to determine the microhabitat and morphological differences between the two species. The methods of the study were conducted by purposively selecting 21 samples of P. maliliensis and 20 samples of P. obovatum at the tree level. In each samples found, the microhabitat characteristics (topographic position and slope) and morphological characteristics (leaf, buttress root, and morphological in general) were observed. Morphological measurement data were analyzed with correlation test for intra-species variable and real difference test for inter-species variable. This study concluded that the slope was one of the major microhabitat factors that has driven the process of sympatric speciation between P. maliliensis and P. obovatum. In morphological characteristics, differences between P. maliliensis and P. obovatum appeared in the form of leaves.

Berberis × baoxingensis (Berberidaceae), a new putative hybrid from western Sichuan, China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 227 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinhua Li ◽  
WEN-HUI LI ◽  
LI-CUN ZHANG ◽  
XIAO-MING YIN
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Statistic Analysis ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Western Sichuan ◽  
Population Sampling ◽  
Surface Field ◽  
Morphological Differences

Berberis ×baoxingensis is described from Baoxing county, Sichuan Province, China, photographs are provided to thoroughly demonstrate its morphological characteristics. This new species is characterized by bicolored flowers, solitary to 3-fascicled, and the dense raised columnar lenticels revealed by SEM observation on the periderm of branches. B. ×baoxingensis displays close affinities with two sympatric congeners, it resembles B. sanguinea in the bicolored flowers, but differs obviously in the brownish yellow, subterete verruculose branches or twigs. B. ×baoxingensis shares the similarity of branch features with B. verruculosa, but the latter differs in fragrant yellow flowers, pruinose berries, and the leaves pruinose on the abaxial surface. Field population sampling and statistic analysis are applied to further clarify the morphological differences among the three congeners. Because B. ×baoxingensis exhibits remarkable intermediate features in a set of key taxonomic characters between B. sanguinea and B. verruculosa, its speciation was possibly derived from the natural hybridization between the two sympatric congeneric species.

Current understanding of white and red pine physiology

1994 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Wetzel ◽  
Darwin Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Growth Measurement ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Physiological Processes

For significant and predictable improvements in productivity of red and white pine forests, an increased understanding of the physiological processes in these species is essential. Relatively little physiological research has focused on these two species over the last two decades. However, with renewed interest in these species now for their high social, environmental and economic value this situation is changing. This paper describes past efforts at understanding red and white pine physiology, as well as discussing recent achievements. In addition, new results obtained by the authors through the use of Biotronic growth units are described in more detail to emphasize the high adaptability of white pine seedlings in response to nutrient stress through changes in carbon distribution, nutrient uptake and utilization.The ultimate practical output of much forestry research is often models predicting tree and forest growth. However, models which are based solely on empirical growth measurement data will not provide the understanding that is necessary for sustainable management; thus, increased research on physiological processes will continue to be required in future. Long-term detailed field studies that consider environmental and silvicultural influences at the organ and whole tree level are required to ensure that future models have high explanatory value. Key words: white pine, red pine, tree physiology, photosynthesis, seedling nutrition, silviculture

scholarly journals Comprehensive yield model for plantation teak in Panama

Silva Fennica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petteri Seppänen ◽  
Antti Mäkinen
Keyword(s):  
Input Parameter ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Yield Model ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Volume Models

The purpose of this study was to prepare a comprehensive, computerized teak ( L.f) plantation yield model system that can be used to describe the forest dynamics, predict growth and yield and support forest planning and decision-making. Extensive individual tree and permanent sample plot data were used to develop tree-level volume models, taper curve models and stand-level yield models for teak plantations in Panama. Tree volume models were satisfactorily validated against independent measurement data and other published models. Tree height as input parameter improved the stem volume model marginally. Stand level yield models produced comparable harvest volumes with models published in the literature. Stand level volume product outputs were found like actual harvests with an exception that the models marginally underestimate the share of logs in very large diameter classes. The kind of comprehensive model developed in this study and implemented in an easy to use software package provides a very powerful decision support tool. Optimal forest management regimes can be found by simulating different planting densities, thinning regimes and final harvest ages. Forest practitioners can apply growth and yield models in the appropriate stand level inventory data and perform long term harvest scheduling at property level or even at an entire timberland portfolio level. Harvest schedules can be optimized using the applicable financial parameters (silviculture costs, harvesting costs, wood prices and discount rates) and constraints (market size and operational capacity).Tectona grandis

Ficophagus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) from sycones of Ficus subgenus Urostigma, sections Malvanthera and Urostigma, in eastern Australia

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 627-653
Author(s):  
Kerrie A. Davies ◽  
Faerlie Bartholomaeus ◽  
Dong Mei Li ◽  
Zeng Qi Zhao ◽  
Weimin Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Female Tail ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Tail Tip ◽  
Molecular Sequencing

Summary Ficophagus from collecting trips in eastern Australia, made over 15 years, are summarised and show that species of the genus occurred widely in sycones of Ficus, subgenus Urostigma, section Malvanthera. Two new species (based on morphological differences and molecular sequencing) are described: Ficophagus elizabethae sp. n. from Ficus macrophylla, F. rubiginosa and F. obliqua, and Ficophagus richardi sp. n. from Ficus obliqua; and a morphospecies, Ficophagus Morphospecies malandicus from Ficus obliqua. Ficophagus elizabethae sp. n. is characterised by having the excretory pore (EP) opening from the level of the junction of the conus and shaft of the stylet to that of the knobs, a relatively long procorpus (1.0-2.5 times length of stylet), female tail with an obliquely truncate tail with a hyaline area and a finely to broadly rounded tip which may be mucronate; post-vulval uterine sac (PUS) ca one vulval body diam. (VBD) in length; rose-thorn-shaped spicule with distinct rostrum and prominent condylus; and genital papillae arranged as largest pair adcloacal, second pair posterior to mid-tail length, and third small pair near tail tip; and was collected from Sydney in New South Wales, to Bundaberg in Queensland (QLD). Ficophagus richardi sp. n. is characterised by having the EP opening at the level of the junction of the stylet shaft and conus, a labial cap which is raised around the opening for the stylet; procorpus 0.8-1.7 times length of the stylet, PUS <1 VBD in length, long uterus, and female tail with a V-shaped hyaline area at the bluntly rounded tip; rose-thorn-shaped spicule with a small rostrum and prominent condylus, three pairs genital papillae, first and largest on anterior cloacal lip, second at 70% of tail length measured from cloacal aperture, and third near tip, and was collected from Ban Ban Springs in the south to the Bundaberg region in the mid-north of QLD. In addition, in the absence of pertinent molecular sequences, a morphospecies is described. Ficophagus Morphospecies malandicus is characterised by having the EP opening anterior to the junction of the stylet conus and shaft, procorpus 0.9-2 times length of stylet, a short PUS usually <1 VBD long, short uterus, rose-thorn-shaped spicule with a raised condylus and prominent rostrum, and three pairs of subventral papillae on the tail (one adcloacal, one posterior to mid-tail and one near tail tip); and was collected from the Atherton Tableland, QLD. A table comparing morphological characteristics is provided to help with identification of Ficophagus nematodes from figs of the section Malvanthera in eastern Australia.

Confirmation of Aedes koreicus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Belgium and description of morphological differences between Korean and Belgian specimens validated by molecular identification

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3191 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
VEERLE VERSTEIRT ◽  
JAMES E. PECOR ◽  
DINA M. FONSECA ◽  
MARC COOSEMANS ◽  
WIM VAN BORTEL
Keyword(s):  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Island Population ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Aedes Koreicus ◽  
Island Populations ◽  
Molecular Comparison ◽  
Morphological Differences

In 2008, specimens resembling Aedes (Finlaya) koreicus (Edwards) (also Ochlerotatus koreicus or Hulecoeteomyia kore-ica) were found in Belgium during a national mosquito survey (MODIRISK). Small but consistent differences were, how-ever, observed between the specimens described from Peninsula Korea and those found in Belgian. To achieve the correctidentification a detailed morphological comparison was made between the Belgian specimens and reference material fromKorean mainland and island populations housed at the Smithsonian Institution (Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WR-BU), Washington, USA). The identification was furthermore supported by molecular evidence based on the ND4 region(mtDNA) of available Korean and Belgian mosquito specimens. Morphological and molecular comparison confirmed theinitial identification of Aedes koreicus. Based on morphological characteristics, the species collected in Belgium mostlikely originated from Jeju-do, an island south of the Korean Peninsula. The observed dissimilarities between Korean andBelgian specimens resembled a number of morphological differences mentioned previously between female adults col-lected on the Korean Peninsula and Jeju-do. This is the first report of Aedes koreicus outside its natural distribution range.A correct and rapid identification of new invading and spreading vector species is crucial for the implementation of effec-tive control measurements. Hence a correct and easy accessible description of all possible variations of species arrivingin new areas is highly recommended. Therefore, a comparative morphological study on the Smithsonian material of thespecies from Korean mainland, island population and from Belgium is given, pictures of the main aberrant characteristicsand scanning electron microscope images of all stages of the species are included and molecular confirmation of the identification based on the mtDNA ND4 region is provided.

Molecular Differentiation Within and Between Eucalyptus risdonii, E. amygdalina and Their Hybrids Using RAPD Markers

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 559 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Sale ◽  
BM Potts ◽  
AK West ◽  
JB Reid
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Genetic Isolation ◽  
Population Differences ◽  
Genetic Affinity ◽  
Hybrid Swarm ◽  
Leaf Phenotype ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Advanced Generation

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) studies of a natural hybrid swarm between Eucalyptus amygdalina Labill. and E. risdonii Hook.f. and nearby allopatric stands revealed that, despite clear morphological differences, all bands were shared between species. However, frequency differences revealed genetic divergence between species, populations within species, and individuals within populations. Variation was greatest between individuals within populations and lowest between species. For both species, the direction of variation which distinguished the two populations was in a different direction to that which separated the two species, suggesting population differences were not due to introgression but were the result of genetic isolation and/or strong localised selection. Several morphologically typical individuals with intermediate RAPD profiles were detected in the hybrid swarm and nearby allopatric samples of both species, suggesting that some cryptic introgression may be occurring. Controlled F1 crosses generally had closer genetic affinity to E. risdonii, raising the possibility that some parents used may have been advanced generation hybrids. While natural hybrids selected for their intermediate leaf phenotype were usually also intermediate between the two species using RAPD markers, some deviated markedly toward E. risdonii. The study suggests that morphological appearance does not necessarily reflect genetic (RAPD) status and in some cases detectable RAPD differences between spatially close populations of the same species may be as great or greater than the differences between species.

Origin, extinction and ancient DNA of a new fossil insular viper: molecular clues of overseas immigration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enric Torres-Roig ◽  
Kieren J Mitchell ◽  
Josep Antoni Alcover ◽  
Fernando Martínez-Freiría ◽  
Salvador Bailón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complete Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Balearic Islands ◽  
Mediterranean Islands ◽  
North East ◽  
Iberian Population ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Insular Population

Abstract Viperinae is a subfamily of viperid snakes whose fossil record in the Mediterranean islands is, until now, restricted to 12 palaeontological deposits on seven islands. Revision of the material excavated 30 years ago from the Middle/Late Pleistocene–Holocene deposit of Es Pouàs [Eivissa (= Ibiza), Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean] revealed about 6000 bones of a small-sized viper across different stratigraphic levels. Its morphological characteristics are different enough to known species of Vipera to warrant the description of a new species, but the nearly complete mitochondrial genome obtained from this snake based on a sample dated to 16 130 ± 45 bp, suggested it belonged to a new insular population of Lataste’s viper (Vipera latastei), Vipera latastei ebusitana subsp. nov. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the dispersal of the ancestors of V. l. ebusitana to Eivissa, most probably from a north-east Iberian population, occurred via overwater colonization &lt; 1.5 Mya, well after the Messinian Salinity Crisis (5.97–5.32 Mya) when land bridges allowed terrestrial colonization of the Balearic Islands by mainland faunas. The morphological differences between V. l. ebusitana and the Iberian populations suggest that it is a new dwarf taxon resulting from insular evolutionary processes, becoming extinct shortly after the first human arrival to this island about 4000 years ago.

Differentiation in Coregonus zenithicus in Lake Superior

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 2228-2235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas N. Todd ◽  
Gerald R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Multivariate Morphometrics ◽  
Geographic Isolation ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Spawning Time ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Species Taxonomy

Morphological variation in Coregonus zenithicus has long plagued biologists working on Lake Superior ciscoes. Some of this variation is due to allometric growth; earlier workers incorrectly recognized large C. zenithicus as a distinct species, C. nigripinnis cyanopterus. Coregonus reighardi dymondi is a variant of C. zenithicus in northern bays of Lake Superior and Lake Nipigon. The morphological differences between members of spring and fall spawning populations of C. zenithicus in Lake Superior are no greater than those between geographically separate populations. We conclude that spawning time and geographic isolation act similarly in effecting differentiation of coregonine populations, and that populations with different spawning times do not necessarily represent different species.Key words: Coregonus zenithicus, cisco, Great Lakes, multivariate morphometrics, endangered species, taxonomy

Eucheumatopsis sanibelensis sp. nov. from the Gulf coast of Florida, USA

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 440 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIAS S. PETERSON ◽  
CRAIG W. SCHNEIDER ◽  
GARY W. SAUNDERS
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
Lsu Rdna ◽  
Eastern Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Single Location ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
Morphological Differences

Based upon COI-5P, LSU rDNA and rbcL sequence data, as well as its morphological characteristics, a new red algal species, Eucheumatopsis sanibelensis E.S.Peterson, C.W.Schneider et G.W.Saunders sp. nov., was discovered on the Gulf coast of Florida, USA and shown to be distinct from the generitype E. isiformis with a type locality in the eastern Caribbean Sea. The new more attenuate taxon from Sanibel Island represents only the second species in this newly described genus, a genus recently segregated from Eucheuma based upon significant molecular and morphological differences. The two species have overlapping geographic distributions in the eastern Gulf of Mexico, but thus far E. sanibelensis is only known from a single location.

The role of competition in determining morphological differences between Victorian and Tasmanian passerine birds

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Wing Length ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Tarsus Length ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Bill Length

Bill length, tarsus length and wing length were measured in 107 passerine species in southern Victoria and 46 in Tasmania, and the possibility that the impoverishment of the Tasmanian avifauna elicits morphological shifts was evaluated. An hypothesis of competitor release failed to account for the main morphological features of the Tasmanian avifauna. There was no significant difference between the frequency distributions of the three variables in mainland and island species, which suggests that no character size on the mainland is over- or under-represented in Tasmania; in spite of this, in nearly all the species common to both areas all three variables are significantly larger in Tasmania. No significant difference was found between the frequency distributions of character-ratios for mainland and island congeneric species-pairs, though theory predicts the island distribution would be the more skew. In 17 pairs of congeners occurring in both areas, the bill length and tarsus length ratios are not significantly different, and though wing length ratios do differ significantly, it is the mainland pairs that have the larger ratio. The variability of the three characters in 25 species did not differ significantly between mainland and island. Many genera which are represented by several sympatric species in Victoria have only one representative (usually the larger) in Tasmania. Although the theory of competitor release predicts that the species in Tasmania should show decreased character sizes, a clear-cut trend to increased size was found. Congeneric species-pairs in Tasmania do not show large morphological differences, which cannot be necessary for successful coexistence there. The above results are discussed briefly, and an hypothesis based on the larger size of food items in Tasmania is proposed to explain them.

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