scholarly journals Effect of WAF crude oil exposure to larvae development of the black-scar oyster Crasosstrea iredalei

2021 ◽  
Vol 890 (1) ◽  
pp. 012037
Author(s):  
G Abidin ◽  
A S Leksono ◽  
Y Risjani ◽  
S Kingtong
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Veliger Larva ◽  
Sessile Organism ◽  
Larva Development ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Oil Exposure ◽  
Crude Oil Spill

Abstract Oil spills potentially effect exposed organisms at various stage of life. This work aimed to access health risk of crude oil to larva development of a sessile organism the Black scar oyster Crassostrea iredalei by using water accommodate fraction (WAF) of crude oil. Male and female gametes was collect and fertilized to obtained larvae at cleavage stage. The larvae were then incubate in various concentrations of WAF (0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 %). After 24 hour of exposure, normal D-shaped veliger larva (D-larva) was observe. The result showed that WAF crude oil affected the development and the successful of D-larva development. Severity of WAF effect was increasing with dosages of exposure. The abnormal larva developments were increasing in the high concentrations. The information obtaining from current work is important for health risk assessment of crude oil contamination incident in marine ecosystem. This study will also contribute valuable knowledge needed for aquaculture to know effect of crude oil spill to oyster farming area.

scholarly journals Sacrificial amphiphiles: Eco-friendly chemical herders as oil spill mitigation chemicals

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. e1400265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deeksha Gupta ◽  
Bivas Sarker ◽  
Keith Thadikaran ◽  
Vijay John ◽  
Charles Maldarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Polar Group ◽  
Branched Chain

Crude oil spills are a major threat to marine biota and the environment. When light crude oil spills on water, it forms a thin layer that is difficult to clean by any methods of oil spill response. Under these circumstances, a special type of amphiphile termed as “chemical herder” is sprayed onto the water surrounding the spilled oil. The amphiphile forms a monomolecular layer on the water surface, reducing the air–sea surface tension and causing the oil slick to retract into a thick mass that can be burnt in situ. The current best-known chemical herders are chemically stable and nonbiodegradable, and hence remain in the marine ecosystem for years. We architect an eco-friendly, sacrificial, and effective green herder derived from the plant-based small-molecule phytol, which is abundant in the marine environment, as an alternative to the current chemical herders. Phytol consists of a regularly branched chain of isoprene units that form the hydrophobe of the amphiphile; the chain is esterified to cationic groups to form the polar group. The ester linkage is proximal to an allyl bond in phytol, which facilitates the hydrolysis of the amphiphile after adsorption to the sea surface into the phytol hydrophobic tail, which along with the unhydrolyzed herder, remains on the surface to maintain herding action, and the cationic group, which dissolves into the water column. Eventual degradation of the phytol tail and dilution of the cation make these sacrificial amphiphiles eco-friendly. The herding behavior of phytol-based amphiphiles is evaluated as a function of time, temperature, and water salinity to examine their versatility under different conditions, ranging from ice-cold water to hot water. The green chemical herder retracted oil slicks by up to ~500, 700, and 2500% at 5°, 20°, and 35°C, respectively, during the first 10 min of the experiment, which is on a par with the current best chemical herders in practice.

RELATIONSHIP OF SPARTINA ALTERNIFLORA GROWTH TO SEDIMENT OIL CONTENT FOLLOWING AN OIL SPILL

1987 ◽  
Vol 1987 (1) ◽  
pp. 445-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve K. Alexander ◽  
James W. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Spartina Alterniflora ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Salt Marsh Sediments ◽  
Crude Oil Spill

ABSTRACT A single spill of crude oil in a salt marsh is generally considered to have limited biological effects. A crude oil spill in Dickinson Bayou (in the Galveston Bay system of Texas) in January 1984 provided the opportunity to test this hypothesis in salt marshes exposed to varying amounts of oil. Growth of Spartina alterniflora was unaffected in light to moderately oiled sediments (less than 5 mg oil/g sediment). However, growth was significantly reduced in sediments with high oil content (5 to 51 mg/g) through 18 months. Erosion of shoreline areas with high oil content was evident by 16 months and continued through 32 months. These results demonstrate the adverse effect of high concentrations of crude oil in salt marsh sediments. Each crude oil spill must be evaluated individually with regard to the likelihood of significant accumulation of oil in sediments before a decision is made regarding a cleanup response.

Evaluation of skin irritation following weathered crude oil exposure in two mouse strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 788-799
Author(s):  
Jesse M Kemp ◽  
Lerin R Luckett-Chastain ◽  
Kaitlin N Calhoun ◽  
Benjamin Frempah ◽  
Tayler R Schartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Exposed Skin ◽  
Thickness Skin ◽  
Skin Response ◽  
Oil Exposure

Petroleum crude oil spills are common and vary in size and scope. Spill response workers throughout the course of remediation are exposed to so-called weathered oil and are known to report diverse health effects, including contact dermatitis. A murine model of repeated exposure to weathered marine crude oil was employed utilizing two strains of mice, C57BL/6 and BALB/c, to investigate the pathology of this irritant and identify the principal hydrocarbon components deposited in skin. Histopathology demonstrated clear signs of irritation in oil-exposed skin from both mouse strains, characterized by prominent epidermal hyperplasia (acanthosis). BALB/c mice exposed to oil demonstrated more pronounced irritation compared with C57BL/6 mice, which was characterized by increased acanthosis as well as increased inflammatory cytokine/chemokine protein expression of IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL10, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, and CCL11. A gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method was developed for the identification and quantification of 42 aliphatic and EPA priority aromatic hydrocarbons from full thickness skin samples of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice exposed to oil samples. Aromatic hydrocarbons were not detected in skin; however, aliphatic hydrocarbons in skin tended to accumulate with carbon numbers greater than C16. These preliminary data and observations suggest that weathered crude oil is a skin irritant and this may be related to specific hydrocarbon components, although immune phenotype appears to impact skin response as well.

scholarly journals Effects of crude oil on juvenile threespine stickleback somatic and immune development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly S Ireland ◽  
Kathryn Milligan-Myhre
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Threespine Stickleback ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Immune Development ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Important Food Source ◽  
Oil Exposure

Aquatic oil spills have resounding effects on surrounding ecosystems, and thus significant resources are committed to oil spill responses to remove the oil from the environment as quickly as possible. Oil has immunotoxic effects and may be particularly harmful to larval and juvenile fish as it can cause a number of developmental defects and stunt growth. In spite of significant efforts to clean oil, it is unclear whether larval and juvenile fish can recover from the effects of oil and no work has been done on the effect crude oil has on developing threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) fish. Threespine stickleback are a ubiquitous sentinel species in the northern hemisphere and are an important food source for many larger, economically valuable fish. As fish with fully marine, anadromous, and freshwater populations, stickleback are exposed to oil in a variety of aquatic environments. We hypothesized that oil exposure would suppress both growth and immunity of developing stickleback, but that fish health could be recovered by removal of the crude oil. Fish were exposed to Alaska North Slope crude oil and then were moved to water without crude oil for two weeks (depuration). Measurements of growth and immunity were taken before and after the depuration. We found that crude oil effected different developmental pathways independently, significantly impacting some but not others. This is the first study to examine the effect crude oil has on early stages of stickleback development, and that stickleback fish are unable to recover from exposure after being transferred to clean water for two-weeks, suggesting larval/juvenile stickleback exposed to crude oil need longer than two-weeks to recover if they are able to recover at all.

A novel mussel-inspired strategy toward superhydrophobic surfaces for self-driven crude oil spill cleanup

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (23) ◽  
pp. 12171-12178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenxing Wang ◽  
Yanchao Xu ◽  
Yuyan Liu ◽  
Lu Shao
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Superhydrophobic Surfaces ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Oil Spill Cleanup ◽  
Crude Oil Spill

A superhydrophobic fabric was first fabricated by a novel mussel-inspired strategy with the aid of folic acid and a low concentration of dopamine without any additional nanoparticle incorporation. A mini boat of this fabric can automatically recycle oil spills while floating freely on water.

CLEANUP AND EFFECTS OF CRUDE OIL AND FUEL OIL SPILLS IN OSITO CANYON: A COMPARISON

1987 ◽  
Vol 1987 (1) ◽  
pp. 483-487
Author(s):  
Jack A. Kemerer ◽  
Terrence McGuigan ◽  
Douglas Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Financial Responsibility ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive ◽  
Crude Oil Spill

ABSTRACT In July 1981, a crude oil spill from a pipeline break occurred in Osito Canyon near Castaic, California. In April 1984, a tank truck accident on Interstate Route 5 resulted in a fuel oil spill into a tributary canyon to Osito Canyon. Although the spills occurred at virtually the same location, the amounts spilled, the extent of the canyons contaminated, and the cleanup methods used produced different recovery results. The spillers assumed financial responsibility for cleanup actions and complied with the concerns and recommendations of government officials. The Environmental Protection Agency served as the on-scene coordinator, while the U. S. Forest Service and the U. S. Coast Guard's Pacific Strike Team provided on-site monitors and technical assistance. Impact from the spills appeared to be negligible on the chaparral type vegetation and sparse concentration of wildlife in the area. Effects from the spills were not lasting, and no environmentally sensitive downstream areas were affected.

Scaling sorbent materials for real oil-sorbing applications and environmental disasters

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Patalano ◽  
Fabian Villalobos ◽  
Pedro Pena ◽  
Evan Jauregui ◽  
Cengiz Ozkan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Environmental Cleanup ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Environmental Disasters ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Sorbent Materials ◽  
Crude Oil Spill

ABSTRACTThere are few feasible options for sorbents, which can be quickly manufactured and deployed in the event of a major oil spill and so every oil spill is an ecological disaster. This paper aims to provide an understanding of what a realistic, full-scale crude oil spill solution would look like based on the performance of the best sorbents currently available, their costs, and their advantages.Adsorbent materials or “sorbents” described here have been a recent target for research toward applications in environmental cleanup, remediation, and hazardous material containment. These materials contain many compositions, syntheses, and practical manufacturing parameters that make most of them practically and logistically unfit to tackle quantities much larger than a single barrel of oil. Different properties of crude oil and nonpolar materials, such as their viscosity, density, and weathering, can also make these materials seem attractive on a lab scale but underperform in field testing and in practical applications. This review addresses the challenges, advantages, and disadvantages of different technical applications of the superior sorbent materials and material types in the literature. In addition, we discuss the different costs and manufacturing challenges of sorbent materials in real oil spills and what a feasible containment sorbent material might look like.

scholarly journals Oil spill identification in visible sensor imaging using automated cross correlation with crude oil image filters

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 579-588
Author(s):  
G. Ofualagba ◽  
D.U. Onyishi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Volume Estimation ◽  
Spectrum Density ◽  
Image Filters ◽  
Petroleum Development ◽  
Crude Oil Spill

An algorithm for detection of crude oil spills in visible light images has been developed and tested on 50 documented crude oil spill images from Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) Nigeria. A set of three 25 x 25 pixels crude oil filters, with unique red, green, and blue (RGB) colour values, homogeneity, and power spectrum density (PSD) features were cross-correlated with the documented spill images. The final crude oil spill Region of Interest (ROI) was determined by grouping interconnected pixels based on their proximity, and only selecting ROIs with an area greater than 5,000 pixels. The crude oil filter cross correlation algorithm demonstrated a sensitivity of 84% with a False Positive per Image (FPI) of 0.82. Future work includes volume estimation of detected spills using crude oil filters, and utilizing this information in the recommendation of appropriate spill clean-up and remediation procedures for the detected spills. Keywords: Crude Oil Spill Detection, Crude oil image filters, Cross correlation, Visible sensor imaging, Oil Spill Segmentation.

Innovation in Managing Leak Repair and Crude Oil Lifting Schedule to Respond to Pipeline Leak in Offshore Terminal System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferry Firmansyah ◽  
Adit Satriawirawan ◽  
Aryo Wisnudarto
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Innovative Approach ◽  
Subsea Pipeline ◽  
Natural Oil ◽  
Terminal Area ◽  
Crude Oil Spill

Abstract Offshore terminal usually performs crude oil lifting process regularly every 7-8 days. However, three repetitive leaks in crude oil subsea pipeline 36" MOL SPM-1 to SPM-2 occurred in the offshore terminal area had stopped the natural oil lifting process. Due to complex conditions, leak repair needs a longer duration and some future crude oil lifting schedules facing cancelation possibilities. By simulating the leak parameter, more than 60 bbl. of crude oil would release from the leaking pipeline in 48 hours crude oil lifting operation. An innovative approach is built by designing a new tool to contain oil spills from the source using a pyramid shape tank and safely transport to the temporary storage tank on the diving vessel to keep crude oil lifting process execution still possible to hold while the subsea pipeline repair by installing subsea clamp is undergo. New tools have successfully eliminated oil spill spreading during crude oil lifting takes place schedule. Six crude lifting schedules have been safely delivered with nearly 30,000 liters of crude oil spill have been evacuated and transferred back to processing facilities. Further implementation would possibly be held in pipeline preservation program and diver less application, which can increase leak response time.

IS OVEREXPOSURE TO BENZENE LIKELY DURING CRUDE OIL SPILL RESPONSE?1

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Eley ◽  
R. J. Morris ◽  
L. L. Hereth ◽  
T. F. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Oil Slick ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Self Protection ◽  
Crude Oil Spill

ABSTRACT This article examines the potential for benzene exposure during crude oil spill response. Literature review found that under normal conditions benzene is lost from an oil slick within 40 minutes to 8 hours. A correlation between benzene and API gravity is presented graphically. This information was used to develop worst-case scenarios. Results of a preliminary field investigation indicate that benzene overexposure may be possible during “ideal adverse” conditions. Four generic crude oil spills are described along with rationale for the suggested level of self protection.

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