scholarly journals Organic carbon and particle size distribution of aggregates from chernozem under arable land and shelterbelt

2021 ◽  
Vol 895 (1) ◽  
pp. 012027
Author(s):  
E Yu Milanovskiy ◽  
Z Tyugai ◽  
N A Shnyrev
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Physical Clay ◽  
Water Stable Aggregates

Abstract The particle size distribution (PSD) and the content of organic carbon (Corg) in dry and water-stable aggregates were determined in the upper layer of chernozem under arable land and shelterbelt. In water-stable aggregates, the Corg content is 1.2-1.5 times higher than in dry sieving aggregates. Dry sieving and water-stable aggregates of arable chernozem consist of particles identical in terms of the PSD. And in the chernozem under the shelterbelt the content of physical clay increases with a decrease in the size of the aggregate in water-stable aggregates isolated from the fraction of dry sieving < 1 mm.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Characteristics, Particle Size Distribution and Total Hydrocarbon Content in Soil from Abandoned Landfill Site in Igbogene, Bayelsa state, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-734
Author(s):  
S.A. Uzoekwe ◽  
U.L. Anekwe
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Landfill Site ◽  
Total Hydrocarbon ◽  
Hydrocarbon Content ◽  
Total Hydrocarbon Content

Most household and some industrial solid wastes end up in the landfill which is the commonest means of solid waste management in many parts of Baylesa state, Nigeria. This study assessed the physicochemical characteristics, particle size distribution and total hydrocarbon content in soil samples from abandoned landfill site in Igbogene, Bayelsa state, Nigeria by collecting samples from varying distances (50m, 100m and 150m) at a depth of 0-20cm and analyzed using standard methods. Results were in the range of 5.01 – 5.34 (pH), 0.73 – 0.98 meg/100g (Exchangeable Acidity), 2.45 – 3.48 meg/100g (sodium), 0.19 – 0.31 meg/100g (potassium), 3.94 – 5.33 meg/100g (calcium), 1.52 – 2.15 meg/100g (magnesium), 9.57 – 11.49 mg/kg (nitrate), 4.18 – 5.19 mg/kg (sulphate), 6.99 – 8.85 mg/kg (available phosphorus), 8.23 – 12.60 mg/kg (total hydrocarbon content), 76.48 – 100.25 mg/kg (chloride), 5.14 – 7.59 mg/kg (ammonium), 8.83 – 8.95% (clay), 2.70 – 3.10% (silt), 87.93 – 88.35% (sand), 2.62 – 3.58% (organic carbon), 4.51 – 6.16% (organic matter) and 0.22 – 0.33% (total nitrogen). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed no significant deviations (p>0.05) across the various distances for all parameters except for organic carbon and matter, total nitrogen, potassium and ammonium. In addition, most of the  nutrients showed positive significant relationship at p<0.05. This suggests that at large the activities of old landfill in the study area is not influencing the soil characteristics under study. Rather the apparent decline in value away from old landfill may be due to mobility level of minerals in the soil toward the southwest direction, which the cluster analysis clearly showed. Keywords: Physicochemical Properties, Environmental Contamination, Hydrocarbon Content, Landfill

PRE-EMERGENCE HERBICIDE APPLICATION IN CORN CROP

1970 ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
М. V. Kashukoev ◽  
М. М. Khutsinova ◽  
Zh. О. Kanukova
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Physical Clay ◽  
Warm Weather ◽  
Fine Clay ◽  
Environmental Requirements

Presents the results of a study of the effectiveness of herbicides from different chemical classes for pre-emergence control of weeds in maize crops. Investigations were carried out in 2014–2016 in Cherek-Kolos LLC, Urvansky District, Kabardino-Balkaria Republic. The time of studies was distinguished by favourable moisture: the level of fallen September precipitation varied by year: in 2014 – 48 mm, 2015 – 24.3 mm, in 2016 – 51.4 mm and fairly warm weather. The conditions complied with the environmental requirements established for corn. According to the particle-size distribution, the soil of the pilot site is light clay over the whole profile with the content of “physical clay” 51.8 ... 58.9%. Among the fractions of particle-size distribution dominates large dust (30.4-35.8%) and silt (23.6-29.7%), whose portion in physical clay near 51%. The accumulation of the silt fraction (< 0.001 mm) is clearly traced in the upper horizons of the soil profile, that is, silting occurs in the upper horizon, which is determined by the indicator of removal – accumulation, the coefficient of which in the chernozem typical residual meadow is equal to 121.6. The clay fraction is an active part of the soil, it is a colloidal and precolloidal mass consisting of fine clay minerals, hydrophilic and capable of equivalent exchange reactions with the liquid phase. In pre-emergence control, the maximum suppression of perennial dicotyledonous weeds of 82.9-100% is achieved using the herbicides Anaconda, CE (1.6 l / ha) and Adengo, KS (0.5 l / ha). The effectiveness in suppressing perennial cereal weeds when using the herbicide Trophy 90, EC (2.5 l / ha) is 91.0%. Efficiency in the fight against gumaem with the use of the herbicide Lyumaks, SC (4.0 l / ha) is 83%. The grain yield of corn for pre-emergence use of the herbicides Anaconda, CE (1.6 l / ha), Trophy 90, CE (2.5 l / ha), Lyumaks, SC (4.0 l / ha) increases by 29-47% .

scholarly journals Aggregates reduce transport distance of soil organic carbon: are our balances correct?

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 8829-8859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Hu ◽  
N. J. Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Settling Velocity ◽  
Mineral Particle ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Transport Distance

Abstract. The effect of soil erosion on global carbon cycling, especially as a source or sink for greenhouse gases, has been the subject of intense debate. The controversy arises mostly from the lack of information on the fate of eroded soil organic carbon (SOC) whilst in-transit from the site of erosion to the site of longer-term deposition. Solving this controversy requires an improved understanding of the transport distance of eroded SOC, which is principally related to the settling velocity of sediment fractions that carry the eroded SOC. Although settling velocity has already been included in some erosion models, it is often based on mineral particle size distribution. For aggregated soils, settling velocities are affected by their actual aggregate size rather than by mineral particle size distribution. Aggregate stability is, in turn, strongly influenced by SOC. In order to identify the effect of aggregation of source soil on the transport distance of eroded SOC, and its susceptibility to mineralization after transport and temporary deposition, a rainfall simulation was carried out on a silty loam. Both the eroded sediments and undisturbed soil were fractionated into six different size classes using a settling tube apparatus according to their settling velocities. Weight, SOC concentration and instantaneous respiration rates were measured for each of the six class fractions. Our results indicate that: (1) 41% of the eroded SOC was transported with coarse aggregates that would be likely re-deposited down eroding hillslopes, rather than with fine particles likely transferred to water courses; (2) erosion was prone to accelerate the mineralization of eroded SOC, and thus might contribute more CO2 to the atmosphere than current estimates which often ignore potential effects of aggregation; (3) preferential deposition of SOC-rich coarse aggregates potentially causes an increase of SOC remaining in the colluvial system and a reduction of SOC flux to the alluvial or aquatic system. These findings identify a potential error of overestimating net erosion-induced carbon sink effects, and thus add an additional factor to consider when improving our current understanding of SOC erosion and deposition on hillslopes.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF TEXURE OF SOILS OF THE KHANKAISKIY NATURE RESERVE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
О.М. Голодная ◽  
Е.А. Жарикова
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Granulometric Composition ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Physical Clay ◽  
Flood Zone ◽  
Alluvial Meadow

Изучение гранулометрического состава почв Ханкайского заповедника показало, что профили почв представляют собой многослойные спектры различного литологического сложения. Сложность почвенных профилей по гранулометрическому составу определяется степенью проявления поемного и аллювиального процессов, литологическими особенностями почвообразующего материала. По типу сложения выделено несколько литологических групп. Темно-гумусовые глеевые, аллювиальные луговые глеевые почвы и буроземы глееватые отличаются резкой дифференциацией профиля по гранулометрическому составу на верхнюю легкую и нижнюю глинистую толщу. Для этих почв отмечено наибольшее содержание фракций физической глины и ила по всему почвенному профилю. Буроземы типичные и аллювиальные луговые глееватые, вышедшие из зоны затопления, характеризуются литологически однородным легким составом. В этих почвах выявлено высокое содержание фракций мелкого песка. The soil profiles the Khankaiskiy Nature Reserve represent multilayer spectra of various lithological addition. The complexity of soil profiles in terms of particle-size distribution is determined by the degree of manifestation of soil and alluvial processes, lithological features of soil-forming material. Several lithological groups are distinguished by the type of texture. Dark humus gley, alluvial meadow gley soils and burozem gleyic shrouds are distinguished by a sharp differentiation of the profile by granulometric composition into an upper light and lower clay thickness. The largest content of fractions of physical clay and silt was noted throughout the profiles for these soils. Burozem typical and alluvial meadow gleyic soils that have emerged from the flood zone characterize this with a lithologically homogeneous light composition. A high content of fine sand fractions was revealed in these soils.

scholarly journals Geochemistry of Street Dust in Tyumen, Russia: Influence of Traffic Load

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Moskovchenko ◽  
Roman Pozhitkov ◽  
Dzhamilya Ukarkhanova
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Organic Carbon Content

Abstract The article presents the results of studying the composition of road dust in Tyumen, a large city in Western Siberia. On roads with different traffic intensities, 50 dust samples were taken, in which the particle size distribution, pH, and organic carbon content were determined. The content of 62 major and trace elements was studied using atomic emission spectrometry (AES-MS) и inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP-MS). It was revealed that the dust has an alkaline reaction pH = 7.4 - 10.2, low organic carbon content (0.07 - 2.9%). The particle size distribution is dominated by particles PM = 100-250. The content of small particles (PM <2 and PM2-10) representing the greatest environmental hazard is minimal on roads with an average traffic intensity. Studies have shown that the main road dust pollutants in Tyumen are Ni, Sb, Cr, Zn, Co. The average geoaccumulation index (Igeo) values ​​are ranked as Ni (2.2) > Sb (1.5) > Cr (1.3) > Zn (0.4) > Co (0.4) > Cu (0.2). The contamination evaluation through enrichment factor (EF) calculation showed that road dust is highly enriched in Ni and significantly in Cr and Sb. More than 80% of Zn, Co, Cu and more than 90% of Ni, Sb, Cr come from anthropogenic sources. By the content of Ni and Cr, Tyumen surpasses all cities of the Earth where similar studies were carried out. The high Ni content is associated with the composition of local soils and roadways, increased content in vehicle exhaust gases, and abrasion of metal parts. Calculations of the total pollution indices (IPI and Zc) showed that the level of road dust pollution in most of Tyumen's territory is average, moderately hazardous.

scholarly journals Influence of particle size distribution, organic carbon, pH and chlorides on washing of mercury contaminated soil

Chemosphere ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingying Xu ◽  
Dan B. Kleja ◽  
Harald Biester ◽  
Anders Lagerkvist ◽  
Jurate Kumpiene
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Contaminated Soil
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