Combining ability analysis of maize lines under optimal and low nitrogen stress

Abstract Most of the land for maize development in Indonesia has low N limiting factor, thus it is necessary to develop a proper maize breeding programs tolerant to low N conditions. One of the breeding methods suitable for low N evaluation is the diallel method between inbred parents (homozygous lines) that are tolerant of low N stress. The aim of this study was to assess the genotype tolerance to low N with comparable yields. The research consisted of two stages. The first stage is the development of hybrid maize grains (F1) using the half diallel cross method. This activity was carried out in KP. Maros, Research Center for Cereal Crops. A half-diallel cross refers to the Griffing IV method, by involving 11 low N-tolerant genotypes (AVLN 100-1, AVLN 118-2, AVLN 122-2, AVLN 124-4, AVLN 32-3, AVLN 83-1, AVLN 83-4, AVLN 83-6, AVLN 86-2, MAL 04, and AVLN 124-9). The second stage was carried out in KP. Bajeng to evaluate 52 genotypes of hybrid maize from diallel crosses plus four hybrid varieties Advanta 777, Bisi 18, P 27 and JH 37 for control. The experiment was carried out under conditions of low N stress (100 kg N/ha) and normal N (200 kg N/ha). The experiment used a randomized block design with three replications. Hybrids that are tolerant (T) under conditions of low N stress was best indicated by AVLN 83-4/AVLN 124-4 genotype pair, with significant higher grain yield than Bisi-18 and JH 37 varieties. This hybrid produced average grain yield of 7.87 t/ha under both conditions. Inbred maize genotypes classified as medium tolerant (MT) were AVLN 83-4/AVLN 124-9, AVLN 124-4/AVLN 86-2, AVLN 122-2/AVLN 124-4, AVLN 83-1/AVLN 124-9, has similar yield potential as to the control varieties.

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KAJIAN MINUS ONE TEST DAN KESUBURAN LAHAN PASIR UNTUK BUDIDAYA TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH

Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian ◽

10.21082/jpptp.v20n1.2017.p25-34 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

Sutardi ,

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Sandy Land ◽

Survey Techniques ◽

Second Stage ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Complete Fertilizer ◽

Two Stages ◽

Physical And Chemical

Soil Fertilyty and Minus One Test of Sandy Land For Shallot. Besides to prove the potential of N, P and K nutrients as limiting factors for shallot plants, the objectives of this research was to find out physical characteristics and fertility in sandy land (soils) in Bantul, Kulon Progo district, Special Region of Yogyakarta. Research was carried out in two stages. The first stage was survey and analysis of sandy land in Bantul and Kulon Progo by the age of amelioration. Survey techniques was based on four age ameliorations of sandy soil. The second stage was conducted using complete randomized block design sigle factor. The second was minus one test of N, P and K consists of five treatments: 1 .TP = no fertilizer (control), 2. PK (-N) = complete fertilizer without N, 3. NK (-P) = complete fertilizer without P, 4.NP (-K) = complete fertilizer without K and 5. NPK = complete fertilizer. The results showed that the introduction of amelioration techniques changed and improved soil different changes in physical and chemical of sandy land. Ameliorant addition into the planting media had positive with the percentage change in silt (0.55-2.37%) and clay (0.45-0.51%) increasing significantly, followed by levels P2O5 and lowerring the sand (1.05-2.07%). The result of minus one test fertilizer on sandy land for the shallot that fertilizer N become the main limiting factor P and K light whereas P and K nutrients were the limiting factor on sandy land for shallot. Keywords: Ameliorant, sandy land, shallotABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian untuk membuktikan bahwa hara N, P, dan K faktor pembatas untuk pertumbuhan dan produksi bawang merah pada lahan pasir pantai. Disamping itu juga mengetahui perubahan sifat fisik dan kimia tanah lahan pasir pantai pada berbagai blok dengan umur penggunaan lahan yang berbeda. Penelitian dilakukan dua tahap yaitu pertama survei dan analisis tanah lahan pasir di Kabupaten Bantul dan Kulon Progo D.I. Yogyakarta berdasarkan umur ameliorasi. Penelitian kedua mengetahui faktor pembatas menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) faktor tunggal. Perlakuan minus one test hara N, P dan K terdiri dari lima perlakuan: 1. TP = tanpa pupuk (kontrol), 2. PK (-N) = pupuk lengkap kurang N, 3. NK (-P) = pupuk lengkap kurang P, 4. NP (-K) pupuk lengkap kurang K dan 5. NPK pupuk lengkap diulang 5 kali. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan lahan pasir dengan input bahan amelioran terjadi perubahan sifat fisik dan kimia sehingga kesuburan lahan meningkat. Peningkatan tersebut karena terjadi perubahan persentase fraksi debu (0,55-2,37%) dan (0,45-0,51%) liat meningkat diikuti kadar hara P2O5, menurunkan fraksi pasir (1,05-2,07%) secara nyata. Hara N menjadi faktor pembatas utama, sedangkan K dan P merupakan pembatas ringan pada lahan pasir untuk bawang merah.Kata Kunci: Amelioran, lahan pasir, bawang merah

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Varietal evaluation of promising maize genotypes in mid hills of Nepal

Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources ◽

10.3126/janr.v3i2.32491 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 127-139

Author(s):

Bipin Neupane ◽

Ankur Poudel ◽

Pradeep Wagle

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Phenotypic Variability ◽

Block Design ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Breeding Program ◽

Maize Breeding ◽

Maize Genotypes ◽

Superior Genotypes ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

Hybrid Maize

The varietal evaluation of hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes with desired performance is one of the main objectives of maize breeding program. Fourteen hybrid maize genotypes were evaluated for 17 quantitative and nine qualitative traits in randomized complete block design with three replications at Sundarbazar, Lamjung, Nepal during May to September, 2019. The major objective was to identify superior genotypes based on genotypic and phenotypic variability, heritability, genetic advance, and correlation between grain yield and yield associated traits. We observed significant differences for 17 quantitative traits among the tested genotypes. Large variation was observed for grain yield among genotypes. Genotype RL-24-0/ RL-111 had the lowest yield (5.53 mt/ha) and Pioneer had the highest yield (11.98 mt/ha) whereas check variety Rampur Hybrid-10 yielded of 8.23 mt/ha. Grain yield showed highly significant positive correlations with stem girth (r= 0.67) and number of ears (r=0.6), but significant negative correlation with anthesis-silking interval (r= -0.55). The dendrogram grouped 14 genotypes into four clusters. Cluster I incorporated the highest number (five) of genotypes, which also had highest cluster mean (average yield of ~10 mt/ha) for grain yield. Traits namely test weight, ear aspect, anthesis-silking interval, number of ears, and tassel branching had high genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variations, and heritability along with high genetic advances, indicating that these traits can be considered for maize breeding program.

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Generation mean analysis for grain yield and its components in popcorn

Open Agriculture ◽

10.1515/opag-2018-0050 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 451-458

Author(s):

Shah Fahad ◽

Muhammad Noor ◽

Durri Shahwar ◽

Mukhtar Alam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Gene Action ◽

Block Design ◽

Dominant Gene ◽

Genetic Effects ◽

Maize Breeding ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Hybrid Maize ◽

Additive Genetic Effects

AbstractKnowledge about genetic composition of a character helps plant breeders to plan their breeding programs. Grain yield and related traits are very important in maize breeding programs. In our experiment four each of parents, F1s, F2s, BC1s and BC2s were evaluated at Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI), Pirsabak, Nowshehra and Agriculture University Peshawar. The experimental material at both locations were replicated thrice in randomized complete block design. In all crosses dominance gene action was found to be important in the inheritance of ear diameter, ear length, percent shelling and grain yield. Additive genetic effects were found negative and non-significant in all four crosses for percent shelling. Duplicate type of non-allelic interactions was observed for shelling percentage in all crosses. Duplicate type of epistasis was observed in cross, PS-1 × BD-1 and PS-2 × BD-1 for ear length. For grain yield both complementary and duplicate type of epistasis were observed. Additive genetic effects werefound significant with positive and negative magnitude in two crosses each. It is concluded that crosses, where dominant gene action was found predominant, should be effectively utilized in hybrid maize programs for improved grain yield and related traits.

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Seedling emergence and yield performance of wheat cultivars depending on seed vigor and sowing density

Journal of Seed Science ◽

10.1590/2317-1545v39n1171002 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 58-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Julia Abati ◽

Cristian Rafael Brzezinski ◽

José Salvador Simoneti Foloni ◽

Claudemir Zucareli ◽

Manoel Carlos Bassoi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Management Practices ◽

Block Design ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Seed Vigor ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Yield Performance ◽

Randomized Block Design

Abstract: The use of high quality seeds, the appropriate management practices and the selection of promising genotypes are strategies to exploit the wheat yield potential. Thus, the goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of the vigor level of wheat seeds submitted to different sowing densities on seedling emergence, tillering and yield performance culture. The experiments were conducted in Londrina and Ponta Grossa, Paraná state, Brazil, with a completely randomized block design, in a 2x2x2 factorial scheme, with four replications. Two levels of seed vigor (high and low), two sowing densities (200 and 400 viable seeds per m2) and two wheat cultivars (BRS Sabiá and CD 150) were evaluated. The conducted tests were: seedling emergence, number of tillers, yield components, grain yield and apparent harvest index. The use of high vigor seeds helps the establishment of the plant stand and yield performance in both locations. The 400 seeds per m2 seedling density results in a lower number of tillers per plant in both locations. BRS Sabiá, in Ponta Grossa, has the highest grain yield.

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Genetic Performance of Inbred and Hybrids of Maize Under Irrigation Interval

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/904/1/012001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 904 (1) ◽

pp. 012001

Author(s):

Z Abdulhamed ◽

S A Abas ◽

A H Noaman ◽

N M Abood

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Diallel Cross ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Hybrid Vigor ◽

Individual Plant ◽

Plant Breeder ◽

Irrigation Interval ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Half Diallel

Abstract A field experiment was carried out using four inbred lines of maize BK112, Inb17, ZP607 and Zm6, as they were entered into half-diallel cross-breeding program in the fall season 2019, and 10 genotypes (6 crosses + 4 parents) were obtained according to the second Griffing method, the first model, in the spring season of 2020, the behavior of these inbreds and their hybrids were evaluated with three irrigation intervals with the aim of obtaining one or more distinct hybrids of pure strains derived from maize Zea mays L. under the irrigation interval and the study of hybrid vigor. The experiment was carried out in the fields of a farmer in Anbar Governorate, using the RCBD randomized complete block design (split – plot) with three replications. The irrigation interval (4, 8 and 12) days occupied the main plots, while the inbred and hybrids occupied the sub-plots. The results of the statistical analysis showed a significant effect of genotypes on the studied traits. The studied hybrids Zm6 × ZP607 were distinguished by their weight of 300 grains and the grain yield (85.83 g and 186.70 g) respectively. The plants grown under the irrigation interval 4 days outperformed the grain yield of the plant by giving it the highest yield of 156.03 g. It did not differ significantly with the 8-day irrigation interval, while the yield decreased significantly at the 12-day irrigation interval with a decrease of 120.8% and 120.5% than the 4 and 8 irrigation treatments, respectively. It was also found that the interaction was significant and reached the highest grain yield with an irrigation interval of 8 days, 224.0 g. The hybrid Zm6 × ZP607 gave the highest positive hybrid vigor for individual plant yield, which was 119.24%, 126.72% and 166.05% for the irrigation interval of 4, 8 and 12 days, respectively. Therefore, the plant breeder can use the characteristics of the yield components as selection guides with the superior hybrids in yield and the strength of the hybrid.

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Resistance of popcorn hybrid (Zea mays) to multiple diseases and correlation between leaf disease intensity and agronomic traits

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.20.14.11.p2743 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1800-1809

Author(s):

Juliana Saltires Santos ◽

Marcelo Vivas, Yure Pequeno de Souza ◽

Antonio Teixeira do Amaral Júnior ◽

Rafael Nunes de Almeida ◽

Julio Cesar Gradice Saluci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Control Measure ◽

Block Design ◽

Genetic Resistance ◽

Principal Component ◽

Diallel Cross ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Complete Diallel Cross

Grain yield and popcorn quality losses have become more common due to attacks by pathogens responsible for leaf diseases. Genetic resistance is the main control measure, as it is applicable in large areas and uses reduced costs and less environmental impact, compared to chemical control. In this context, the purpose was to select popcorn hybrids that meet resistance to Exserohilum turcicum, Bipolaris maydis, and Puccinia polysora and to have high levels of popping expansion and grain yield. We took into account two growing seasons (summer harvest - October 2014 to January 2015 - and winter harvest- April to July 2015). Twenty-eight hybrids from the complete diallel cross scheme were evaluated, among eight inbred lines (P8, P1, L55, L61, L70, L76, L77 and L88). For this purpose, we used a randomized block design with four replicates in two growing seasons. The traits investigated were the incidence of P. polysora (IPP), B. maydis (IBM), and E. turcicum (IET); severity of P. polysora (SPP), B. maydis (SBM), and E. turcicum (SET); grain yield (GY); and popping expansion (PE). Data from the experiments were submitted to the principal component analysis (PCA) through the R software. Results showed that the traits IET and IPP in the summer harvest, and IET and SET, in the winter harvest, were the most significant in the select of hybrids. The P8 x L76 and L70 x P8 hybrids were selected for summer harvest and the L77 x L61 hybrid, for winter harvest

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Combining Ability and Heterosis in Diallel Analysis of Maize (Zea mays L.) Lines

International Annals of Science ◽

10.21467/ias.9.1.188-200 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 188-200

Author(s):

Francis Chukwuma Onejeme ◽

Emmanuel Ogbonna Okporie ◽

Chinedu Emmanuel Eze

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Combining Ability ◽

Block Design ◽

Diallel Analysis ◽

Diallel Cross ◽

Maize Breeding ◽

Ear Height ◽

Check Variety ◽

Additive Genetic Effects ◽

Positive Heterosis

A sound breeding program for maize improvement is very important to meet the demands of the growing population. Therefore, combining ability and heterosis were studied in a 4 x 4 full diallel cross in maize for growth attributes, yield and its contributing traits. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replicates was used to study the general combining ability of parents, specific combining ability of F1s (including reciprocals) and heterosis of the F1s over commercial check variety on selected agronomic characters. Genotype was highly significant for all the traits studied. The combining abilities (GCA and SCA) and reciprocal mean squares were highly significant for most studied characters. The ratio of GCA/SCA was not less than unity for studied traits excepted for days to anthesis and ear height. The results indicated that the additive genetic effects were more important and played major role in studied traits. Thus, results revealed GCA effects for the parental lines (PL). Where ‘PL2’ was excellent combiner for number of tassels and cob circumference and ‘PL3’ was good combiner for days to silking and grain yield (t.h-1). While ‘PL4’ for short height. Majority of the F1s from the GCA effects showed high SCA effects. This F1 (PL2 x PL3) performed best amongst. However, several reciprocals were not desirable. Heterosis estimation was carried out using a commercial check, Oba super II. When commercial check was used, the percent heterosis especially on grain yield varied from -8.89 to 22.62%. Among the twelve F1s, nine of the crosses exhibited significant positive heterosis for grain yield (t.h-1). Those F1s that showed significant positive and/or negative desirable traits for SCA effects and significant positive heterosis could be used for varietal development in maize breeding. And conservation of those parents that exhibited high GCA effects be considered as well.

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Heterobeltiosis and Economic Heterosis for Grain Yield Related Traits of Boro Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology ◽

10.3126/ijasbt.v9i1.34038 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 45-53

Author(s):

Shuma Rani Ray ◽

A. K. M. Aminul Islam ◽

M. G. Rasul ◽

M. M. Hasan Aminul Saikat ◽

J. U. Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Block Design ◽

Hybrid Breeding ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Key Factor ◽

Positive Heterosis ◽

Half Diallel

Rice is a staple food for more than half of the world’s population and to increase the yield potential of rice would be a key factor for mitigating global demands of about 810 million tons of rice by 2025. To exploit the economic importance of heterosis, quantitative valuation was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications for 16 agronomic traits of 5x5 half diallel populations during boro season of 2017-2018. Diallel populations were generated by using five selected parents (P1: BRRI dhan28, P2: BRRI dhan74, P3: BINA dhan10, P4: IR59418-7B-21-3 and P5: BRRI dhan67) where, P1 was considered as standard check to estimate the economic heterosis. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant variability among the genotypes for most of the traits except grain length and length-breadth ratio. The results showed that none of the hybrid combination performed better for all the traits over the three types of heterosis. The highest relative heterosis was recorded in P3×P4 followed by P4×P5 for grain yield plant-1, filled grains panicle-1, effective tillers plant-1. Majority of the cross combinations (>60%) revealed highly significant positive heterosis for grain yield plant-1 over mid parent. Heterobeltiosis for grain yield plant-1 was observed significant for 50% cross combinations and could be utilized in hybrid breeding. Whereas, more than 70% crosses exhibited undesirable negative standard heterosis for grain yield plant-1. Only two cross combinations (P3×P5 and P3×P4) among ten revealed significant positive economic heterosis for grain yield plant-1 and those could be exploited in rice breeding. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 9(1): 45-53

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Daya Gabung Inbrida Jagung Toleran Cekaman Kekeringan dan Nitrogen Rendah pada Pembentukan Varietas Hibrida

Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan ◽

10.21082/jpptp.v1n2.2017.p83-96 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 83

Author(s):

Roy Efendi ◽

Andi Takdir M. ◽

Muhammad Azrai

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Optimum Condition ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Combining Ability ◽

Block Design ◽

Diallel Cross ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Maize Varieties ◽

Hybrid Maize

Low maize grain yield due to drought and low N stresses maybe overcome by growing tolerance hybrid maize varieties. The objectives of this research were to analyze the combining ability of eight inbred lines possessing those traits and indentify suitable parental inbred lines which can be used to develop single cross hybrid tolerant to drought and low nitrogen. Eight inbred lines were crossed using complete diallel cross design of Griffing’s- I on Februry to June, 2014. Those inbred lines were 1044-30, DTPYC9-F46-3-9-1-1-B (for drought tolerance), MR 14 (medium drought tolerance), G20133077 (tolerant to low N), CY 11, CLRCY039 (medium tolerant to low N), and CY12 and G2013631 (for drought and low N sensitive). Fifty-six experimental hybrids derived from diallel crosses, eight inbred lines and four commercial hybrid varieties as checks were evaluated under managed drought, low dosage of N fertilization and under optimum condition, during the dry season (July to October) of 2014. Randomized complete block design three replications was used in each different stress condition. The results showed that CY 11, G2013631, and MR 14 inbred lines possesed good general combining ability (GCA) for grain yield under drought, low N, and optimum conditions. These inbred lines also showed good GCA for the secondary traits such as large stem, delayed leaf rolling and late leaf senescence to support for high grain yield under drought stress and low N condition. Inbred lines of drought and low N sensitive such as G2013631, but had high GCA, could be used as parent to develop drought and low N tolerance hybrids if crossed with inbred lines having medium-tolerant to drought or tolerant to low N, such as G20133077, which had low DGU, or CY11 which had high GCA. Hybrid maize tolerant to drought and tolerant to low N, such as CY11 x G20133077, G20133077 x G2013631, and CY 11 x G2013631, produced significantly higher grain yield, over 8 t/ha, under drought and under low N, as compared with hybrid varieties Bima 3 and Bisi 2, which yielded 5.91 and 6.59 t/ha under drought, and 6.82 and 7.01 t/ha under low N condition. Grain yields under optimum condition were positively correlated with those under both drought and low N conditions. The result suggests that it is possible for improving grain yield of hybrid maize, simultaneously for optimum, drought stress and low N conditions.

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Adaptation of superior maize varieties high yield and biomass the availability of animal feed

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/911/1/012032 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 911 (1) ◽

pp. 012032

Author(s):

Baiq Tri Ratna Erawati ◽

Yanti Triguna ◽

Awaludin Hipi ◽

Eka Widiastuti

Keyword(s):

Animal Feed ◽

Block Design ◽

Yield Potential ◽

High Yield ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Maize Varieties ◽

Increase Productivity ◽

Biomass Potential ◽

High Yielding Varieties ◽

Hybrid Maize

Abstract Maize is the second important commodity after rice in Indonesia. The application of high yielding varieties is one of the best strategies to increase productivity in maize development areas. The aim of the study was to obtain superior varieties with the highest yield potential and biomass to increase productivity and its availability as animal feed. The research was conducted in Pringgabaya district, East Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara from April to June 2020. The field experiment used a randomized block design with treatment of 8 hybrid varieties, where six new superior varieties (Bima-14, Bima 20, HJ-21, JH-27, JH-37, Nasa-29) and two comparison varieties (Bisi-2 and Pioner 21), each treatment was repeated four times. The results showed that there were 3 high yielding hybrid maize varieties, namely JH-37 (8.43 t/ha), Nasa-29 (8.35 t/ha) and HJ-21 (8.15 t/ha) significantly differ from other varieties. For the highest biomass potential, there are 3 superior varieties of hybrid maize, namely HJ-21 (4.82 t/ha), Bima-20 (4.69 t/ha) and JH-27 (4.56 t/ha). High yielding hybrid maize varieties that available as animal feed were JH 37, Nasa-29 and HJ-21.

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