scholarly journals Trial performance of the zero waste harvesting method in three forest concession companies, Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 914 (1) ◽  
pp. 012061
Author(s):  
Dulsalam ◽  
Soenarno ◽  
Sukadaryati
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Zero Waste ◽  
Wood Harvesting ◽  
Natural Production ◽  
Tree Length

Abstract Currently, natural forest management companies (concession permit of timber forest products utilization-natural forest/IUPHHK-HA) have implemented Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) technology but timber harvesting is still carried out using the conventional method. Tree length logging is an alternative method of harvesting wood in an effort to reduced waste and increases the efficiency of the utilization of timber forest products and the preservation of natural production forests. The potential for wood harvesting waste is estimated at 2.21 million m3year−1 and has remained left in the cutting compartment for decades. The purpose of this paper is to obtain technical and financial information about forest harvesting on a zero waste basis. Data collection was carried out by experimental methods. Productivity, efficiency, cost, and stand damage data were collected. The results of the research in three IUPHHK-HA in Central Kalimantan show that the zero waste logging method can reduced harvesting waste by 5.1% and increase the efficiency of wood utilization from 87.7-92.8%. Another advantage of the zero waste logging method is that the additional waste from the trunk above the first branch is about 5.8%. The productivity of the conventional method averaged 26.333 m3hour−1 at a cost of IDR 33,941 m−3 while the tree length logging method was 27.320 m3hour−1 at a cost of IDR 35,251 m−3. It is suggested that the tree length logging method be implemented in natural production forest harvesting.

scholarly journals Reduced impact logging in the dried land natural production forests in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 914 (1) ◽  
pp. 012060
Author(s):  
Dulsalam ◽  
Soenarno ◽  
S Suhartana ◽  
Sukadaryati ◽  
Yuniawati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Products ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Natural Production ◽  
Production Forests ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reduced Impact Logging

Abstract Timber harvesting in natural production forests in Indonesia is still carried out to his day in the form of a bussines license for the utilization of timber forest products-natural forests (IUPHHK-HA). IUPHHK-HA holders have not fully implemented Reduced Impact Logging (RIL). Forest harvesting activities consisting of felling, skidding, bucking, loading, unloading, and transportation of logs are aimed at without significantly disturbing log production and its environment. The purpose of this review is to provide information on RIL in Indonesia. The collection of data was done by using a desk study. Data on productivity, efficiency, costs, damage to the residual stands, and the impact of RIL on emissions were collected. Several research results showed that: (1) logging productivities generally decreased when compared to Conventional Logging (CL), (2) logging efficiency generally increased when compared to CL, (3) logging costs generally increased in the short term, (4) residual stand damages generally reduced when compared to CL, and (5) RIL has potential to reduce emissions compared to CL. It is necessary to do the following: harvest planning such as mapping and distribution of trees, skid trail alignment, design of landings; harvest preparation such as the opening of skid trails, opening of landing places; harvesting such as determining felling direction, felling, skidding, and closure of harvesting such as closure of skid trails and landings.

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS PEMANENAN KAYU DI HUTAN ALAM MELALUI KESESUAIAN JUMLAH PEKERJA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Sona Suhartana ◽  
Yuniawati Yuniawati
Keyword(s):  
Research Finding ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Timber Production ◽  
North Borneo ◽  
Secondary Information ◽  
The Cost

Timber harvesting has a significent role for timber production. In natural forest, the timber production may be increased in line with the efectiveness of forest harvesting. The number of worker in harvesting many contribute to improve natural forest harvesting. Research conducted on forest concession in north borneo the primary and secondary date the direct information based in measurement of log volume and the member of working hours in every activity step of harvesting. While the secondary information derived from the quisionare delivered to field manager apply multiple regressing is used to analysa the relation amongs member of worker used, produktivity in harvesting and production cost. the research finding showed that 1) the number of worker in following activities of cutting, skidding handling and log delivering are about 2, 9, 3 and 9 consecutively; 2) the average of productivity and harvesting cost for the activities of cutting, skidding handling and log delivery are about 38.308 m3/hour, 15.070 m/hour, 67.5 m3/hour, 8.33 m3/hour, while the cost arising for the activities are Rp13.897,44/m3, Rp.48.883,45/m3, Rp. 11.765,6/m3  and Rp. 74.039/m ; 3) the more harvesting workers are not directly increase the logging productivity. it many need some trainings to improved their capabilities; 4) the regression model among the member of worker and productivity of harvesting and production cost is Y=15,346 + 0,326 X1  +3,685X2

scholarly journals Pemanenan Kayu Hutan Rakyat (Studi Kasus di Ciamis, Jawa Barat) Timber

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukadaryati Sukadaryati ◽  
Yuniawati Yuniawati ◽  
Dulsalam Dulsalam
Keyword(s):  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
West Java ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Wood Harvesting ◽  
Financial Benefits ◽  
Harvesting Techniques

Pemanenan kayu di hutan rakyat yang tepat guna dapat memberikan efisiensi pemanfaatan sumber daya hutan dan memberikan keuntungan finansial bagi pengelola hutan rakyat. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi kegiatan pemanenan kayu hutan rakyat studi kasus di daerah Ciamis (Jawa Barat) aspek penebangan, pengeluaran kayu dan efisiensi pemanfaatan kayu. Hasil penelitian kegiatan pemanenan kayu di areal hutan rakyat di Desa Kertabumi dan Bojonggedang, Kabupaten Ciamis menunjukkan bahwa: 1). Kegiatan penebangan pohon di hutan rakyat dilakukan menggunakan alat tebang chainsaw dengan kisaran produktivitas penebangan 4,880 m/jam-8,578 m/jam; 2). Kegiatan pengeluaran kayu di hutan rakyat dilakukan menggunakan sepeda motor yang dimodifikasi dengan kisaran produktivitas 0,753 m/jam-0,506 m/jam, dengan kisaran jarak pengeluaran kayu ke pinggir hutan 115 m-161 m; 3). Efisiensi pemanfaatan kayu di hutan rakyat berkisar 98,72%-99,14%; 4). Teknik pemanenan kayu di hutan rakyat masih meninggalkan tunggak yang cukup tinggi dan belum memperhatikan keselamatan kerja. Teknik pemanenan kayu di hutan rakyat masih memerlukan perbaikan terhadap tinggi tunggak penebangan. Sebaiknya pemilik hutan rakyat tidak menjual kayu kepada bandar dalam bentuk pohon yang masih berdiri. Pengeluaran kayu dengan sepeda motor masih memerlukan perbaikan desain khususnya terkait dengan konstruksi penyangga beban di bagian kiri dan kanan sepeda motor untuk mengurangi kecelakaan kerjaTimber Harvesting in Community Forest (Case Study in Ciamis, West Java)AbstractEfficient timber harvesting in community forests can provide efficient use of Naskah masuk (received): 30 Nopember 2017 forest resources and provide financial benefits for community forest Diterima (accepted): 27 Maret 2018 managers. This paper aims to provide information on forest harvesting activities in the Ciamis area (West Java), such as aspects of tree felling, timber extraction, and timber utilization efficiency. The results of research on timber KEYWORDS harvesting in community forest areas in Kertabumi and Bojonggedang community forests Villages, Ciamis District shows that: 1). Tree felling in community forest is timber harvesting conducted using chainsaw cutting tool with a logging productivity range of productivity efficiency 4.880 -8.578 m/hour; 2). Timber expenditures in community forests are work safety carried out using modified motorcycles with a productivity range of 0.7530.506 m/hr, with a range of wood clearance to forest edge 115 -161 m; 3). The efficiency of timber utilization in community forest is 98.72-99.14%; 4). Wood harvesting techniques in community forests still leave a fairly high stump and have not paid attention to safety. Timber harvesting techniques in community forests still require improvements to the high log stumps. It is recommended that owners of the community forest do not sell wood in the form of trees that still stands to "the bandar”. The expenditure of wood using motorcycles still requires the improvement ofits design especially related to the construction of load buffers on the left and right side of the motorcycle to reduce work accident.

scholarly journals Projected decrease in wintertime bearing capacity on different forest and soil types in Finland under a warming climate

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilari Lehtonen ◽  
Ari Venäläinen ◽  
Matti Kämäräinen ◽  
Antti Asikainen ◽  
Juha Laitila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Soil Frost ◽  
Wood Harvesting

Abstract. Trafficability in forest terrain is largely determined by ground-bearing capacity and it is thus one of the most important issues in timber harvesting. In winter, the bearing capacity is mainly determined by soil frost. Particularly on peatland forests bearing capacity is poor under unfrozen conditions. The bearing capacity of forest truck roads is similarly affected by ground frost. Already 20 cm thick layer of frozen soil or 40 cm layer of snow on the ground can carry in Finnish forest conditions heavy machines in forest harvesting. In this work, we studied the impacts of climate change on soil frost conditions, and consequently on ground-bearing capacity of soils from the timber harvesting point of view. The number of days with good wintertime bearing capacity was modelled by using a soil temperature model and wide set of downscaled climate model data until the end of the 21st century. The model was optimized for different forest and soil types. The results show that by the mid-21st century, the wintertime bearing season length decreases in Finland most likely by about one month. The decrease in soil frost and wintertime bearing capacity will be more pronounced during the latter half of the century when drained peatlands may virtually lack soil frost in most of winters in southern and western Finland. The projected decrease in the bearing capacity, accompanied with increasing demand for wood harvesting from drained peatlands, induces a clear need for the development of new sustainable and efficient logging practices for drained peatlands.

Vom Forst zum Wald. Entwicklungstendenzen im naturnahen Waldbau | From a Production-Oriented Forest to a Multipurpose Forest. New Trends in Near-Natural Silviculture

1999 ◽  
Vol 150 (12) ◽  
pp. 484-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolf Hockenjos
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
The Other ◽  
Private Forest ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Great Demand ◽  
The Past ◽  
Forest Enterprises

Concepts of near-natural forestry are in great demand these days. Most German forest administrations and private forest enterprises attach great importance to being as «near-natural» as possible. This should allow them to make the most of biological rationalisation. The concept of near-natural forestry is widely accepted, especially by conservationists. However, it is much too early to analyse how successful near-natural forestry has been to date, and therefore to decide whether an era of genuine near-natural forest management has really begun. Despite wide-spread recognition, near-natural forestry is jeopardised by mechanised timber harvesting, and particularly by the large-timber harvester. The risk is that machines, which are currently just one element of the timber harvest will gain in importance and gradually become the decisive element. The forest would then be forced to meet the needs of machinery, not the other way round. Forests would consequently become so inhospitable that they would bear no resemblance to the sylvan image conjured up by potential visitors. This could mean taking a huge step backwards: from a near-natural forest to a forest dominated by machinery. The model of multipurpose forest management would become less viable, and the forest would become divided into areas for production, and separate areas for recreation and ecology. The consequences of technical intervention need to be carefully considered, if near-natural forestry is not to become a thing of the past.

Modeling the effect of skidded timber bunches on forest soil compaction

2020 ◽  
pp. 154851292097870
Author(s):  
Igor Grigorev ◽  
Olga Kunickaya ◽  
Albert Burgonutdinov ◽  
Olga Burmistrova ◽  
Varvara Druzyanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calculated Data ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Permafrost Soil ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Cryolithic Zone ◽  
Tree Length ◽  
Solid Soil ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Compaction Processes

An increasing demand for forest products incites a large number of log transportation operations, which may lead to negative consequences for the soil and the ecosystem as a whole. This paper presents a mathematical model to estimate the soil deformation and compaction processes under the influence of individual components of the skidding system, such as the forwarder, limbs, butts, and tops of tree-lengths in high latitudes, permafrost soil, and forests of the cryolithic zone. The effectiveness of the proposed model was evaluated according to experimental results. Comparative analysis showed that the calculated data differ from the experimental data by no more than 10%. The deformation of the soil by the bunch of tree-length logs occurs due to shearing processes. It has been established that the initial vertical stress exceeds the radial stress by 30–40%. The result of estimating the dependency of the shelterbelt width on the number of tree-length logs showed that the limit values for logs amount to 4–6 units for the mild, medium, and solid soil categories. The obtained results and the developed model will allow for a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the technological impact on the soil during the projecting of maps for logging operations.

scholarly journals Analysis of the means of forest harvesting in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

2015 ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Velid Halilovic ◽  
Jusuf Music ◽  
Safet Gudra ◽  
Jelena Topalovic
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Planned Obsolescence ◽  
Cheap Labour ◽  
Insufficient Amount ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
Investment Capital ◽  
Tree Length ◽  
Satisfactory State

The development of technology and the means of labour in the technological process of forest harvesting in FBiH mainly depends on the factors related to the specific manner of forest management. The dominant share of mixed tall forests with natural regeneration, the selective manner of management and rather difficult natural conditions have resulted in the application of the cut-to-length method and to a lesser extent, the tree-length and semi-tree-length methods. On the basis of expert classification of the development phases in forest harvesting, it can be noted that wood assortment production in FBiH is currently partially mechanised. With the aim of defining measures for increasing productivity, lowering the costs and a greater humanisation of work, there has been an analysis of the current state of the means of work in all three phases of forest harvesting. The analysis included the following parameters: number of means in different phases, the type, the average age, ownership and technical planned obsolescence. All the data were collected through a survey which included all stakeholders (cantonal forest companies and private contractors). The results showed a satisfactory state only when chainsaws are concerned, i.e. the rather cheap tools. Other equipment (adapted tractors, skidders, trucks, etc.) has largely reached planned obsolescence. Their old age results in a low level of utilisation, i.e. an insufficient amount of working hours per year which eventually leads to a decrease in productivity and increase in expenses. Based on the data, it can be concluded that it is necessary to begin the process of new mechanisation procurement and the replacement of existing, time-worn and technologically obsolete machines with new ones. At the same time, it is clear that, in the conditions of low availability of investment capital and cheap labour force, this has to be a gradual process. In relation with this, the process should start in the most expensive phase - timber extraction, i.e. the phase in which the economic efficiency is unquestionable.

scholarly journals Technical-Economic Analysis of Grapple Saw

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Hideaki Miyajima ◽  
Paulo Torres Fenner ◽  
Gislaine Cristina Batistela ◽  
Danilo Simões
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Wood Harvesting ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
The Monte Carlo Method

The processing of Eucalyptus logs is a stage that follows the full tree system in mechanized forest harvesting, commonly performed by grapple saw. Therefore, this activity presents some associated uncertainties, especially regarding technical and silvicultural factors that can affect productivity and production costs. To get around this problem, Monte Carlo simulation can be applied, or rather a technique that allows to measure the probabilities of values from factors that are under conditions of uncertainties, to which probability distributions are attributed. The objective of this study was to apply the Monte Carlo method for determining the probabilistic technical-economical coefficients of log processing using two different grapple saw models. Field data were obtained from an area of forest planted with Eucalyptus, located in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. For the technical analysis, the time study protocol was applied by the method of continuous reading of the operational cycle elements, which resulted in production. As for the estimated cost of programmed hour, the applied methods were recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The incorporation of the uncertainties was carried out by applying the Monte Carlo simulation method, by which 100,000 random values were generated. The results showed that the crane empty movement is the operational element that most impacts the total time for processing the logs; the variables that most influence the productivity are specific to each grapple saw model; the difference of USD 0.04 m3 in production costs was observed between processors with gripping area of 0.58 m2 and 0.85 m2. The Monte Carlo method proved to be an applicable tool for mechanized wood harvesting for presenting a range of probability of occurrences for the operational elements and for the production cost.

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