scholarly journals Analysis of the means of forest harvesting in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

2015 ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Velid Halilovic ◽  
Jusuf Music ◽  
Safet Gudra ◽  
Jelena Topalovic
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Planned Obsolescence ◽  
Cheap Labour ◽  
Insufficient Amount ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
Investment Capital ◽  
Tree Length ◽  
Satisfactory State

The development of technology and the means of labour in the technological process of forest harvesting in FBiH mainly depends on the factors related to the specific manner of forest management. The dominant share of mixed tall forests with natural regeneration, the selective manner of management and rather difficult natural conditions have resulted in the application of the cut-to-length method and to a lesser extent, the tree-length and semi-tree-length methods. On the basis of expert classification of the development phases in forest harvesting, it can be noted that wood assortment production in FBiH is currently partially mechanised. With the aim of defining measures for increasing productivity, lowering the costs and a greater humanisation of work, there has been an analysis of the current state of the means of work in all three phases of forest harvesting. The analysis included the following parameters: number of means in different phases, the type, the average age, ownership and technical planned obsolescence. All the data were collected through a survey which included all stakeholders (cantonal forest companies and private contractors). The results showed a satisfactory state only when chainsaws are concerned, i.e. the rather cheap tools. Other equipment (adapted tractors, skidders, trucks, etc.) has largely reached planned obsolescence. Their old age results in a low level of utilisation, i.e. an insufficient amount of working hours per year which eventually leads to a decrease in productivity and increase in expenses. Based on the data, it can be concluded that it is necessary to begin the process of new mechanisation procurement and the replacement of existing, time-worn and technologically obsolete machines with new ones. At the same time, it is clear that, in the conditions of low availability of investment capital and cheap labour force, this has to be a gradual process. In relation with this, the process should start in the most expensive phase - timber extraction, i.e. the phase in which the economic efficiency is unquestionable.

scholarly journals Migrant Labour during the Pandemic: A Political Economy Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 001946622110212
Author(s):  
Deepak K. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
Migrant Labour ◽  
Cheap Labour ◽  
The One

This article aims to analyse the plight of the migrant workers in India during the Covid 19 pandemic from a political economy perspective. While taking note of the disruptions and uncertainties during the drastic lockdown that was announced suddenly, it is argued that the vulnerabilities of the migrant labour force are deeply embedded in the long-term changes in the political economy of development in India. These changes, on the one hand, have resulted in the gradual weakening of state support to the working classes, and on the other, have resulted in the normalisation of ‘cheap labour’ as a legitimate objective of neoliberal capitalist development. Locating the conditions of the migrant working class on the specificities of the manifold restructuring of the Indian economy under neoliberal globalisation, the study attempts to emphasise the structural dimensions of the current crisis faced by the migrant labourers. JEL Codes: J46, J61, O15, O17, P16

The myth of English as a ‘colonialist’ imposition upon India: a reappraisal with special reference to South India

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-315
Author(s):  
Robert E. Frykenberg
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Educational System ◽  
English Language ◽  
South India ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Natural Growth ◽  
Cheap Labour

Every schoolboy and schoolgirl in India, figuratively speaking, is taught the Myth of Macaulay's Minute. According to this myth, attitudes of lofty condescension towards India's peoples and their inferior cultures, combined with practical needs for a cheap labour force to supply the manpower requirements of an enormous bureaucratic machine, prompted alien rulers to impose an English language educational system upon the subcontinent and, thereby, to neglect and stifle the natural growth of indigenous educational institutions. Moreover, in its more extreme forms, this myth assumes that these rulers were also either racially arrogant or wilfully ignorant, or both. Finally, this myth assumes that the disastrous consequences of this “colonialist” fiat were a major factor inhibiting the progress and well-being of a large proportion of India's peoples.

scholarly journals The Centre–Periphery Antagonism in Adjudication: A Case Study on the Spatial Dimension of the Political

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 121-140
Author(s):  
Rafał Mańko
Keyword(s):  
Social Group ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
The Political ◽  
Court Case ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Cheap Labour

One of the key elements of the critical theory of adjudication is the identification of an objective antagonism that is at stake behind a given court case. The identification of the antagonism allows to develop an axis, along which interpretive possibilities can be spread and arranged from those most favourable to social group A (e.g. workers) to that most favourable to social group B (e.g. businesses). The paper discusses the famous Laval–Viking case-law which was concerned with the fundamental rights of workers (right to strike and undertake collective action) and their relation to the economic freedoms of businesses, seeking to escape the high standards of worker protection in their own country either by changing the flag of a ship to a flag of convenience (Viking) or by importing cheap labour force from abroad, without guaranteeing the workers equal rights (Laval). Whereas the vast majority of scholars have interpreted the Viking–Laval jurisprudence as relating to the fundamental socio-economic antagonism opposing workers and businesses, the Slovenian scholar Damjan Kukovec has proposed an alternative reading. According to him, the real antagonism is ultimately between workers from the periphery (Central Europe, in casu Baltic countries) and workers from the centre (Western Europe, in casu Scandinavian countries). By introducing the spatial dimension to the political, Kukovec entirely changes the formulation of the underlying antagonism. The paper engages critically with Kukovec’s analysis and argues that the objective interest of Central European workers lies not in selling their labour at dumping prices, but gaining the same guarantees of social protection as existing in the West.

Factors discourage Kuwaiti employees to participate in the private sector labour force (Kuwaitization)

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 969-983
Author(s):  
Abdulla Al-Mutairi ◽  
Kamal Naser ◽  
Fatema Fayez
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Long Working Hours ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Computing Skills ◽  
Low Expectations ◽  
High Standards ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify factors discouraging Kuwaiti nationals from participating in the private sector labour force (Kuwaitization). Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire was distributed to a sample of Kuwaiti nationals to identify the main reasons that prevent them from joining the private sector labour force. Findings The study revealed that low expectations of private sectors’ employers regarding Kuwaiti nationals discourage them from joining the sector. Kuwaiti nationals believe that the private sector employers look for high standards of communication and computing skills. They avoid working for the private sector because some jobs require working for two shifts and long working hours, and they cannot obtain frequent leave. Other factors that appeared to affect Kuwaiti nationals’ participation in the private sector labour force were lack of job security, fewer holidays, difficulty to obtain special pay leave or early retirement at lucrative terms, uncertainty about the prospect of promotion and job insecurity. Research limitations/implications The current study targets Kuwaiti national employees. To formulate a clear picture about the main factors that influence the success or otherwise of the Kuwaitization policy, it is of paramount importance to explore the opinion of the private sector employers. Practical implications The outcome of this study would be used by policymakers to promote Kuwaitization and increase Kuwaiti nationals’ participation in the private sector labour force. This will increase the country’s reliance on its national labour force and ensure sustainable economic and social development. Originality/value The outcome of this study is expected to assist the Kuwaiti authorities in reformulating the current Kuwaitization policies to achieve its objectives. The study is expected to draw some lessons applicable to other Gulf Cooperation Council countries.

scholarly journals The Spillover Effects of Spousal Chronic Diseases on Married Couples’ Labour Supply: Evidence from China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shen ◽  
Zheng ◽  
Tan
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Using Data ◽  
High Level

The objective of this study is to examine the spillover effects of chronic diseases experienced by spouses on their wives or husbands’ labour supply. Using data from 2010 and 2012 of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this study employed a difference-in-difference (DD) strategy to investigate the average treatment effect of affected adults on their spouses’ working hours. The results show that, after their spouses were diagnosed with chronic diseases, the average weekly working hours of wives and husbands would be significantly reduced by 3.7–4.2 h and 3.8–4.4 h, respectively. Specially, the average weekly hours of full-time work would be reduced by 2.1–3.3 h for wives and 3.6–3.8 h for husbands. The effect was stronger for those married couples with lower socioeconomic status (SES), such as low-level education, family asset, non-labour income, while the effect was insignificant for high-level SES households. Therefore, as a result of the adverse spillover effects on household labour supply, chronic diseases could cause a greater loss of labour force productivity. Additionally, households in low levels of SES may suffer more losses from reduced labour supply when spousal chronic diseases take place.

Woodlot owner organizations in Québec adjusting to changes in primary products

1994 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-267
Author(s):  
Victor Brunette
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Private Forests ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Primary Products

In Quebec, where the resource based industry has prevailed for many decades, a good portion of history is based on forestry and agriculture. Farmers and woodlot owners have been involved with primary products marketing structures for more than 25 years. Forest policy development for non industrial private forests has evolved in different ways in neighbouring provinces but intrinsic problems related to forest management, forest harvesting and products marketing are quite similar for all woodlot owners.The area under small private ownership in Québec covers only 9 per cent of the productive forest land. These woodlots nonetheless supply each year about 18 per cent of the timber needed by the wood using industry. The revenue of wood sales, the financial value of forest management, the upkeep of 10,000 jobs and the purchase of goods and services contribute 400 million dollars to the provincial economy. The annual harvest on private woodlots yields a final processed value of more than 1.5 billion dollars of forest products.Private woodlots are located along major waterways, in the southern part of the province, where growing conditions are the most suitable to forest crops. The woodlot sector benefits from the availability of a qualified and motivated labour force, from a well-developed road network and other infrastructures. Forest cover is 60 per cent hardwoods and 40 per cent softwoods. Only 24 per cent of the growing stock is spruce, fir, and jack pine, species which have traditionally been in strong demand for the pulp and paper industry. (FPBQ, 1989).There are inherent disadvantages to private forestry in Quebec such as the great dispersion of the individual woodlots and the small area of each woodlot (107 hectares for active pulpwood producers; 60 hectares per owner). The development of these forests must also overcome other disadvantages including the great number of owners (120,000) and the fact that many of these owners sometimes lack information and incentive.

scholarly journals MIGRATIONS AS A RESULT OF THE GLOBALISATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Marián Mesároš ◽  
Josef Reitšpís
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Capital ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Cheap Labour ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa

The globalisation of the world economy is a driving force of the development of the individual countries in the world. Mineral resources in some countries are very important for the development of such countries, however they also attract world economies that offer new technologies and new possibilities in the development of the infrastructure. The technological progress of less developed countries also brings undesirable accompanying phenomena, namely the dependence on spare parts, the inability of such countries to carry out an independent research development, and an inconspicuous lifestyle change of the population. Cheap labour force lures foreign capital and later, as a result of the change of political regimes, begins to have enhanced demands, including various trade union demands. This is the moment when the particular government starts being influenced, the population is dissatisfied and the dissatisfaction results in social riots. However, the foreign capital has meanwhile achieved its business interests and that is why it leaves the particular country. Subsequently, this results in internal problems and many times in migrations of the dissatisfied population. Research tools used to write this article was analysis, analysis, synthesis of available information, reports, scientific articles on the subject and subsequent deduction to identify conclusions. Following the latest findings, it takes at least ten years for migrants to start accepting laws and habitual practice of a particular foreign country. The same holds true for migrants from South America who decide to leave their home country to live in the USA. That is why the assimilation problem has to be solved very carefully and, if it is possible, to solve the problems of potential migrants on the territory of their home country.

scholarly journals Career Development Theories for the Education of Unemployed

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Gita Stalidzāne
Keyword(s):  
Career Development ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
The State ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Employment Agency ◽  
Cheap Labour ◽  
Creative Solutions ◽  
Working People ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Unemployed

<p><em>The topicality of the research – To determine the tendencies of the development of career services, conclusions of career theories have been analysed in the article, the career promoting and hindering factors in the State Employment Agency have been investigated, which could help to employ the forms, methods and techniques of pedagogical organization thus creating preconditions for a more successful career development of the clients.The aim of the research – to explore the career theories, which can be used for the unemployed to obtain their education or to improve their motivation according to the economic situation. Career development theories such as career development structural or opportunity theories (J.Klimov, J.Parson, J.Holland, K.G.Jung)  and development or lifespan theories (D.Super, L.Ginsberg, R.Havighurst, E.Erikson, J.Krumbolz, A.Bandura, Dh.Fukuyama) were investigated. In the changing conditions of economics new requirements for the working people are being developed because of formation of new forms of employment. The former advantage in Latvia – the relevantly cheap labour force, has already ceased to exist, so in the future it will not be able to serve as the resource for the economical development. In the formation of an educated society only purposeful educational action can ensure the development and prosperity of the state, so enabling the individuals to find creative solutions in critical situations and adapt in a new environment. The main problem is the contradiction between the acquisition of the value of education in the adult society and the fact that the unemployed in adult age have the lack of knowledge for making their career. Everybody has a different career, it is developing dynamically all through the lifetime. The career reflects the skill of the individual to find balance between the salaried work and the unpaid work, as well as the duties of the personal life.</em></p><p> </p>

scholarly journals An Empirical Analysis of Export-Led Growth of Vietnam: Trade in Value Added (TiVA) Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Nguyen Viet Khoi ◽  
Shashi Kant Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Cheap Labour ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Bounds Test ◽  
Industrial Capacity

This paper examines the long-run relationship between domestic value added exports and economic growth of Vietnam using ARDL bounds test of cointegration on annual data covering the period of 1995-2014.The bounds test establishes existence of both short-run and long-run relationship between exports and GDP of Vietnam and shows a substantial contribution of exports in the real GDP (0.73 percent for one percent changes in the domestic value added exports). The exports pattern of Vietnam portrays it following the footsteps of export-led growth model of Mexico, whereby it has turned itself into export production platforms for MNCs by suppressing the wages, rather than developing own indigenous industrial capacity. In such scenario, it seems challenging for Vietnam to sustain its export-led growth which it has achieved so far based on its cheap labour. With the rising living standards, ultimately the comparative advantages of cheap labour force would vanish in the future, which will cause a wave of assembly jobs to flow out of Vietnam. Moreover, two other low-cost countries in the region, Cambodia and Myanmar are likely to rise as close competitors of Vietnam in the low-cost assembly works in the near future. By that time, in case Vietnam fails to enter into higher value added activities, it will drag itself into the ‘middle income trap’. Therefore, the ‘assembly strategy’ shall be bonded with strategy to develop own indigenous industrial capacity, and national technological base. These will help Vietnam to upgrade its activities along value chains in forms of product upgrading, process upgrading, functional upgrading, and sectoral upgrading so that it can switch its role of ‘assembling agent’ to ‘indigenous producer’.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF FOREST HARVESTING WITH HARVESTER AND FORWARDER

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1067-1072
Author(s):  
Larissa Nunes dos Santos ◽  
Haroldo Carlos Fernandes ◽  
Mauri Martins Teixeira ◽  
Márcio Lopes da Silva ◽  
Amaury Paulo de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Equilibrium Point ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The State ◽  
Return Rate ◽  
Forest Harvest ◽  
Hours Of Work

ABSTRACT Due to the high cost of acquisition and preservation of machines used in the operations of forest harvest, it is necessary to know the profitability of its purchase and up to what point its usage is profitable. Thus the aim of this work was to evaluate economically the activities of felling and timber extraction held by skidders harvester and forwarder up to approximately 30,000 hours of work. Seventeen forest machines were used: 5 harvesters John Deere model 1270D, and 5 harvesters John Deere model 1470D, with power of 215 hp (160 kW) and 241 hp (180 kW), respectively, and 7 forwarders John Deere model 1710D, with power of 215 hp (160 kW). The data base supplied by a forestry company located in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, containing all the necessary information to obtain the equilibrium point, the annual equivalent cost (AEC) and the internal return rate (IRR) was used. The equilibrium point was used to determine the amount of minimum hours the machines should work. The AEC was used to determine the profitability of the operation. In 2013 it was not possible to find a number of working hours that did not cause loss for either the harvester or the forwarder. The substitution point for the harvester or the forwarder through the AEC was not found. The harvester presented investment profitability in 2011 of 67.43%. The forwarder presented an internal rate or return of 34.00% in 2011.

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