scholarly journals Carbon absorption capability of single-leaf and compound-leaf plants in the BNI Urban Forest, Banda Aceh

2021 ◽  
Vol 918 (1) ◽  
pp. 012027
Author(s):  
M Daud ◽  
BM Bustam ◽  
E Harnelly ◽  
W Dharma
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Urban Forests ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Compound Leaf ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The creation of Open Green Spaces is one of the options for mitigating the impact of global warming. In order to maximize the function of urban forests as carbon dioxide absorbers, plant species selection for urban forests must be considered. The goal of this study was to compare the ability of single-leaf and compound-leaved plants growing in urban forests to absorb carbon dioxide. Exploratory survey methods with purposive sampling were used. The single-leaf plant, B. asiatica (520 cm2), had the maximum leaf area, whereas the single-leaf species, M. elengi had the lowest leaf area (47.50 cm2). The plant with the highest water content in leaves was found in single-leaf plants, B. asiatica (ranging from 74.67 percent to 77.32 percent), while plant F.decipiens from the compound-leaf plant had the lowest water content (ranging from 44.34 percent to 46.14 percent). The plant with the highest percentage of carbohydrate mass at 06.00 am was M. elengi (531.63 percent), and the plant with the lowest percentage of carbohydrate mass was P.indicus (211.15 percent). At 11 am, the compound-leaf plant S.mahogani (496.76 percent) had the largest percentage of carbohydrate mass, B.asiatica had the lowest (289.29 percent). B.asiatica had the most carbon dioxide absorption per leaf area per hour (g/leaf/hour), whereas S. mahogany had the lowest. S.mahogani (32.514 Å) had the highest chlorophyll concentration in the 06.00 am sample, while P.indicus had the highest chlorophyll concentration in the 11.00 am sample (42.440 Å).

Assessing the vulnerability of urban forests to climate change

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ordóñez ◽  
P.N. Duinker
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Urban Forests ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
General Notion ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Vulnerability Assessments ◽  
Climate Vulnerability

Climate adaptation is being embraced by many municipalities worldwide. An element of this is the planting and protection of urban trees. However, the fact that climate change will also have an impact on urban trees has been largely overlooked. We argue that climate vulnerability assessments are necessary for addressing climate adaptation in urban forests and contribute to successful climate adaptation in cities. We review and integrate the literature on climate vulnerability and urban forests to explore how the general notion of urban forest vulnerability to climate change can be developed into an operational framework for undertaking a vulnerability assessment. The framework characterizes climate exposure, impact, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity, as well as nonclimatic drivers and factors, in urban forests. The most important themes in this discussion include urban tree species selection and diversity, naturalization, resource access, social awareness and engagement, budget and economic valuation, liability issues, and governance structures. Climate change vulnerability assessments help us understand how and why urban forests are vulnerable to climate change, identify future areas for research, and determine what adaptation measures could be included in urban forest management. These assessments help bring climate change to the forefront of the decision-making process and contribute to successful urban adaptation to climate change.

scholarly journals ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DO REGIME HÍDRICO E TÉRMICO DE DOIS SÍTIOS EXPERIMENTAIS NO PAMPA

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Cláudio Alberto Teichrieb ◽  
Pablo Eli Soares de Oliveira ◽  
Tamires Zimmer ◽  
Cristiano Maboni ◽  
Daniel Michelon dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Natural Field ◽  
Field Extensions ◽  
Pampa Biome ◽  
The Impact

In the last 15-20 years has greatly increased research on the problem of climate change, necessitating a demand for reliable measurements of absorption and emission of carbon dioxide, methane, as well as the impact on water resources. In the biome Pampa are the largest continuous natural field extensions, requiring a monitoring of water and temperature regime on the ground. The water content of the soil has spatial and temporal variability affecting many hydrological processes and determining this is needed since the soil store and provide the water and nutrients for the plants, thus involving relationships water-soil-plant-atmosphere. In this work, we compared the water content behavior of the soil at depths of 10, 30 and 50 cm, the temperature of the soil at depths of 5, 15 and 30 cm, heat flux in soil installed 10 cm deep and the thermal conductivity was determined in two experimental sites in the Pampa biome, for the period 01.01.2015 to 06.31.2015. It was found that there are differences between the sites in the capacity to retain moisture in the soil and in the ability to store energy in the soil for the study period.

scholarly journals Traces of urban forest in temperature and CO<sub>2</sub> signals in monsoon East Asia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keunmin Lee ◽  
Je-Woo Hong ◽  
Jeongwon Kim ◽  
Jinkyu Hong
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Urban Forests ◽  
Forest Canopies ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Vegetation Activity ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Cities represent a key space for our sustainable trajectory in a changing environment, and our society is steadily embracing urban green space for its role in mitigating heatwaves and anthropogenic CO2 emissions. This study reports two-year surface fluxes of energy and CO2 measured via the eddy covariance method in an artificially constructed urban forest to examine the impact of urban forests on air temperature and net CO2 exchange. The urban forest site shows typical seasonal patterns of forest canopies with the seasonal march of the East Asian summer monsoon. Our analysis indicates that the urban forest reduces both the warming trend and urban heat island intensity compared to the adjacent high-rise urban areas and that photosynthetic carbon uptake is large despite relatively small tree density and leaf area index. During the significant drought period in the second year, gross primary production and evapotranspiration decreased, but their reduction was not as significant as those in natural forest canopies. We speculate that forest management practices, such as artificial irrigation and fertilization, enhance vegetation activity. We also stipulate that ecosystem respiration in urban forests is more pronounced than typical natural forests in a similar climate zone. This can be attributed to the substantial amount of soil organic carbon available due to intensive historical soil use and soil transplantation during forest construction, as well as relatively warmer temperatures in urban heat domes. Our observational study also indicates the need for caution in soil management for less CO2 emissions in urban areas.

scholarly journals Traces of urban forest in temperature and CO<sub>2</sub> signals in monsoon East Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 17833-17853
Author(s):  
Keunmin Lee ◽  
Je-Woo Hong ◽  
Jeongwon Kim ◽  
Sungsoo Jo ◽  
Jinkyu Hong
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Urban Forests ◽  
Forest Canopies ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Vegetation Activity ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Cities represent a key space for a sustainable society in a changing environment, and our society is steadily embracing urban green space for its role in mitigating heat waves and anthropogenic CO2 emissions. This study reports 2 years of surface fluxes of energy and CO2 in an artificially constructed urban forest measured by the eddy covariance method to examine the impact of urban forests on air temperature and net CO2 exchange. The urban forest site shows typical seasonal patterns of forest canopies with the seasonal march of the East Asian summer monsoon. This study shows that the urban forest reduces both the warming trend and urban heat island intensity compared to the adjacent high-rise urban areas and that photosynthetic carbon uptake is large despite relatively small tree density and leaf area index. During the significant drought period in the second year, gross primary production and evapotranspiration decreased, but their reduction was not as significant as those in natural forest canopies. We speculate that forest management practices, such as artificial irrigation and fertilization, enhance vegetation activity. Further analysis reveals that ecosystem respiration in urban forests is more pronounced than for typical natural forests in a similar climate zone. This can be attributed to the substantial amount of soil organic carbon due to intensive historical soil use and soil transplantation during forest construction, as well as relatively warmer temperatures in urban heat domes. Our findings suggest the need for caution in soil management when aiming to reduce CO2 emissions in urban areas.

The effect of leaf removal and canopy height on whole-vine gas exchange and fruit development of Vitis vinifera L. Sauvignon Blanc

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Petrie ◽  
Michael C. T. Trought ◽  
G. Stanley Howell ◽  
Graeme D. Buchan
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Canopy Height ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
The Impact

Canopy topping and leaf removal are management practices commonly used in New Zealand vineyards to increase light and pesticide penetration to the fruit zone, thus, reducing disease incidence. Previous research has suggested that an increase in photosynthesis occurs when leaves are removed, and this may compensate for the reduced leaf area. However, it is difficult to extrapolate single-leaf photosynthesis measurements to a whole-plant scale. Therefore the extent of the compensation is unknown. To evaluate the impact of leaf removal and canopy height on whole-vine photosynthesis, treatments were imposed during the lag phase of berry growth. Leaves were removed from the lower quarter of the canopy, or vines were topped to three quarters of the height of control plants, in a two-by-two-factorial design. Both topping and leaf removal caused a decrease in whole-vine photosynthesis immediately after the treatments were imposed. Leaf removal, but not topping height, reduced photosynthesis on a per unit leaf area basis. This suggests that the lower portion of the canopy contributes more than the upper portion of the canopy to whole-vine photosynthesis. When measurements were made again approximately two months later, tall vines without leaf removal had a higher photosynthesis rate than the other treatments. Fruit yield, sugar content, vine carbohydrate reserves and pruning weights followed trends similar to those observed for photosynthesis, suggesting that although some photosynthetic compensation occurred, the defoliation treatments had a negative effect on vine growth.

scholarly journals Urban Forest Growth and Gap Dynamics Detected by Yearly Repeated Airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR): A Case Study of Cheonan, South Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heejoon Choi ◽  
Youngkeun Song ◽  
Youngwoon Jang
Keyword(s):  
Change Detection ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Urban Forests ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Light Detection And Ranging ◽  
Light Detection ◽  
Area Index

Understanding forest dynamics is important for assessing the health of urban forests, which experience various disturbances, both natural (e.g., treefall events) and artificial (e.g., making space for agricultural fields). Therefore, quantifying three-dimensional changes in canopies is a helpful way to manage and understand urban forests better. Multitemporal airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) datasets enable us to quantify the vertical and lateral growth of trees across a landscape scale. The goal of this study is to assess the annual changes in the 3-D structures of canopies and forest gaps in an urban forest using annual airborne LiDAR datasets for 2012–2015. The canopies were classified as high canopies and low canopies by a 5 m height threshold. Then, we generated pixel- and plot-level canopy height models and conducted change detection annually. The vertical growth rates and leaf area index showed consistent values year by year in both canopies, while the spatial distributions of the canopy and leaf area profile (e.g., leaf area density) showed inconsistent changes each year in both canopies. In total, high canopies expanded their foliage from 12 m height, while forest gap edge canopies (including low canopies) expanded their canopies from 5 m height. Annual change detection with LiDAR datasets might inform about both steady growth rates and different characteristics in the changes of vertical canopy structures for both high and low canopies in urban forests.

scholarly journals Demand for Urban Forests and Economic Welfare: Evidence from the Southeastern U.S. Cities

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengyu Zhu ◽  
Yaoqi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Urban Forests ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Forest Coverage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between urban forests and household income and population density in the 149 cities with populations over 40,000 in nine southeastern states. Our empirical results show that urban forest percentage across the cities has characteristics of the environmental Kuznets curve. We find that household income around $39,000 is a threshold that changes the relationship between income and urban forest coverage from negative to positive, whereas the impact of population density on urban forests is just the opposite, from positive to negative when population density is around 180 persons per square kilometer.

Experimental Carbon Dioxide Laser Brain Lesions and Intracranial Dynamics: Part 2

Neurosurgery ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-457
Author(s):  
Ernesto G. Tiznado ◽  
Hector E. James ◽  
Susan Moore
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Laser ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Brain Water Content ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Water

Abstract Experimental brain lesions were created over the left parietooccipital cortex of the albino rabbit through the intact dura mater with high radiating carbon dioxide laser energy (40-W impact, 0.5-second duration, for a total time of 4 seconds on a 12.5-mm surface). The brain water content was studied 2, 6, and 24 hours after the insult. Another two groups of animals received acute therapy with either dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) or furosemide (1 mg/kg). In all groups, Evans blue extravasation uniformly extended from the impact crater into the surrounding white matter. The brain water content in the gray matter was elevated from the control value by 2 hours after impact (P &lt; 0.005) and remained elevated at 6 and 24 hours. The white matter brain water content did not increase until 6 hours after impact and remained elevated in the 24-hour group (P &lt; 0.005). After dexamethasone treatment, there was a significant decrease of water in the gray matter (P &lt; 0.01), but not in the white matter. With furosemide therapy, there was no reduction of gray or white matter brain water.

scholarly journals Effects of Adjacent Land Use Types on the Composition of Vascular Flora in Urban Forest Ecotones in the Southern Poland

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1440
Author(s):  
Beata Fornal-Pieniak ◽  
Barbara Żarska ◽  
Marcin Ollik
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Urban Forests ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Vascular Flora ◽  
Forest Plants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The purpose of the research was the recognition of edge effects regarding similarities and differences of vascular flora in undergrowth layers in the urban forest ecotones. Four types of urban forest neighborhoods were analyzed: ecotones adjacent to the manor park, the agriculture field, housing estates and the road. The plant compositions in the forest ecotones were compared with the plant compositions in the urban forest interior and the forest nature reserve. The phytosociological type of studied forests was a subcontinental oak-hornbeam one (Tilio-Carpinetum). Diagnostic plant species (e.g., characteristic) for forests from the non-diagnostic ones were identified. Forest consistent plant species dominated in the ecotone adjacent to the manor park and in the interior of urban forests too, but the best conditions for these plants were inside the forest nature reserve, where native consistent forest plants showed the highest dominance when comparing all studied areas. A higher anthropogenic pressure from the adjacent areas results in supporting the growth of inconsistent plant species in the forests, and these plants are mostly represented by plants belonging to grass and synanthropic communities. Another conclusion drawn from our research is that the protected forest, represented by a nature reserve in the city, provides better “shelter” for native forest plants than the urban forest without any protection. Ultimately, a permanent challenge is to achieve and maintain the balance between nature and the impact of anthropogenic activities on urban forests in the city. The high quality of green areas, biodiversity, including forests, implicates possibilities of sustainable development in cities. The research results will be useful for local urban planners and ecologists during their work on strategies of city development, including shaping of green infrastructure.

Island biogeography theory and the urban landscape: stopover site selection by the silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Adams ◽  
Liam McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Island Biogeography ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Urban Forests ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Stopover Site ◽  
Island Biogeography Theory ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lasionycteris Noctivagans

Many migratory bats require forested sites for roosting and foraging along their migration path, but increased urbanization and intensive agricultural practices may reduce the availability of stopover sites. Urban forests may provide important stopover habitat, maintaining landscape connectivity in regions where the majority of natural habitat has been cleared for development. Island biogeography theory can be applied to urbanized temperate forest biomes where small urban forests represent islands separated from the larger “mainland” forest. We used acoustic monitoring during the fall migration period to investigate the use of urban forest habitat by the migratory species Lasionycteris noctivagans Le Conte, 1831. We predicted that recorded activity would have a positive relationship with forest patch area and shape and a negative relationship with isolation from other forest patches, as suggested by island biogeography theory. We observed greater activity at larger forest patches, and although relationships for shape and isolation were not statistically supported the observed patterns were consistent with predictions. Our results demonstrate the need for more in-depth research on the habitat requirements for both migratory and resident bat species and the impact that ongoing urbanization has on local bat populations.

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