Composition of microorganisms in carbonated mineral waters of the Mukhen deposit (Khabarovsk territory)

Abstract The chemical composition, distribution, structure, number of physiological groups of cultivated bacteria and their biodiversity in the cold carbonic mineral waters of Mukhen and in microbial mats were studied. It is shown that the mineral waters are cold, hydrocarbonate-calcium-magnesium, enriched with iron, manganese, barium. Carbon dioxide predominates in the gaseous composition of waters. Microbiological studies have shown that no sanitary-indicative microflora was found in mineral waters, which indicates the purity of underground waters. Carbonic waters were characterized by a low number of physiological groups of autochthonous bacteria. Among the studied microorganisms, chemolithotrophic thionic bacteria predominated, which indicates the predominance of oxidation processes of reduced sulfur compounds with the participation of bacteria in groundwater. In the microbial mats, various chemolithotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms were identified, participating in the geochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, iron, manganese, and silicon. The number of physiological groups of bacteria was higher than in mineral waters, along with this saprophytic bacteria predominated significantly. A sufficiently high rate of protein and cellulose decomposition by microorganisms of microbial mats was shown. A low diversity of cultured heterotrophic bacteria with the dominance of microorganisms of the genus Bacillus was found in mineral waters and in microbial mats. By using the methods of X-ray phase analysis, the important role of microorganisms of microbial mats in the precipitation of silicate minerals and the formation of calcium carbonates was shown.

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Comparison of agar-based methods for the isolation and enumeration of heterotrophic bacteria with the new Multidose IDEXX(tm) SimPlate method

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2004.0067 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 277-280

Author(s):

M. Vulindlu ◽

A. Charlett ◽

S. Surman ◽

J.V. Lee

Keyword(s):

Yeast Extract ◽

Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Plant Performance ◽

Extract Agar ◽

Quality Of Water ◽

Heterotrophic Microorganisms ◽

External Sources ◽

Conventional Methods ◽

Yeast Extract Agar

Pour and spread plates are the conventional methods of choice for the isolation and enumeration of heterotrophic microorganisms in treated water supplies. The tests are performed at 22°C and 37°C for 72 h and 48 h respectively. Counts at 22°C are associated with pollution of water systems from external sources, while counts at 37°C are used as an indication of treatment plant performance and the deterioration of the general quality of water. Conventional methods using Yeast Extract Agar for a pour plate and R2A agar for a spread plate were compared with the multidose IDEXXTM SimPlate method for the isolation and enumeration of heterotrophic bacteria in water. SimPlate gave a significantly higher count on average than the conventional methods. The R2A method showed the next highest count, being significantly higher than Yeast Extract Agar. In addition, unlike the pour and spread plate methods, SimPlate was easier to use, reduced labour, and the test results were far easier to read.

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A mineralogical characterization of biogenic calcium carbonates precipitated by heterotrophic bacteria isolated from cryophilic polar regions

Geobiology ◽

10.1111/gbi.12102 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 542-556 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

J. Ronholm ◽

D. Schumann ◽

H. M. Sapers ◽

M. Izawa ◽

D. Applin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽

Polar Regions ◽

Mineralogical Characterization ◽

Calcium Carbonates

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AVALIAÇÃO DAS CONCENTRAÇÕES DE NITRATO NAS ÁGUAS MINERAIS PRODUZIDAS NA REGIÃO DA GRANDE NATAL

HOLOS - ISSN 1807-1600 ◽

10.15628/holos.2008.221 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 4

Author(s):

Mariana Magna Santos da Nóbrega ◽

André Luis Calado Araújo ◽

Jerônimo Pereira dos Santos

Keyword(s):

Mineral Water ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Mineral Waters ◽

Metropolitan Region ◽

Global Evaluation ◽

Underground Waters ◽

Nitrate Treatment ◽

Water Characteristics ◽

Water Wells ◽

Nitrate Concentrations

RESUMO A Região Metropolitana de Natal, no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, é detentora de grandes reservas de águas subterrâneas pertencentes ao aqüífero Dunas/Barreiras. Essas águas são utilizadas pela população para seu abastecimento e consumo industrial. Além disso, essas reservas possuem características de águas minerais, localizando-se principalmente nos municípios de Parnamirim e Macaíba na região sul e no município de Extremoz, na parte norte. Em contrapartida, o crescimento urbano acelerado da Grande Natal, associado com a falta de esgotamento sanitário e drenagem adequada, resultaram no aporte de carga contaminante originária, principalmente, de fossas e sumidouros domésticos em direção às águas do aqüífero. Este artigo tem como finalidade avaliar as concentrações de nitrato nas fontes de águas minerais, tomando-se como base a proximidade de poços contaminados por esses teores. Para isso, basicamente, se comparou dados que representavam concentrações de NO3- em águas minerais, com teores de nitrato pertencentes à poços de abastecimento público ou particulares da região circunvizinha a essas águas, ambos obtidos através dos projetos de Iniciação Científica desenvolvidos no CEFET-RN. As atividades que fizeram parte da realização do trabalho foram constituídas pela localização da área de estudo, seleção dos poços a serem analisados, análises laboratoriais do íon nitrato, tabulação e tratamento dos dados obtidos, além das considerações a respeito da qualidade das águas subterrâneas. Através dos resultados obtidos foi possível demonstrar a que níveis de concentração de nitrato estão os poços produtores de água mineral, destacando-se dois, dos dez selecionados, que apresentaram valores acima de 10 mg/L. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: água mineral, águas subterrâneas, aqüífero Dunas/Barreiras, contaminação, nitrato e Região Metropolitana de Natal. EVALUATION OF NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS ON MINERAL WATERS PRODUCED IN THE METROPOLITAN REGION OF NATAL ABSTRACT The Metropolitan Region of Natal, located in the state of the Rio Grande do Norte, is detainer of great reserves of groundwater from Dunas/Barreiras aquifer. These waters are used by the population for your supplying and industrial consumption; moreover these reserves possess mineral water characteristics, situated mainly in the cities of Parnamirim and Macaíba, in the south region, and in the city of Extremoz, in the part north. However, the fast urban growth of Natal, associate with the lack of sanitation and drainage, has caused the increase of contamination, mainly by the infiltration of septic tanks effluents in soil. The presented work has as main purpose the evaluation of nitrate concentrations in the mineral water sources, taking in consideration the proximity of wells already contaminated by nitrate. For this, data of nitrate concentrations in mineral waters were compared with those from wells of the public or private supplying from the surrounding region. The work comprised the localization of the study area, selection wells to collect samples, laboratory analyses of the ion nitrate, treatment of data, and the global evaluation of underground waters quality. Through the results was possible to demonstrate the levels of nitrate concentration on mineral water wells, including two with concentration higher than 10 mg/L. KEY WORDS: mineral water, underground waters, aquifer Dunas/Barreiras, contamination, nitrate and Metropolitan Region of Natal.

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Ecological and molecular characterization of a coral black band disease outbreak in the Red Sea during a bleaching event

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.5169 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. e5169 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ghaida Hadaidi ◽

Maren Ziegler ◽

Amanda Shore-Maggio ◽

Thor Jensen ◽

Greta Aeby ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Red Sea ◽

Microbial Mats ◽

Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽

Coral Disease ◽

Differential Susceptibility ◽

Black Band Disease ◽

Southern Central ◽

Black Band

Black Band Disease (BBD) is a widely distributed and destructive coral disease that has been studied on a global scale, but baseline data on coral diseases is missing from many areas of the Arabian Seas. Here we report on the broad distribution and prevalence of BBD in the Red Sea in addition to documenting a bleaching-associated outbreak of BBD with subsequent microbial community characterization of BBD microbial mats at this reef site in the southern central Red Sea. Coral colonies with BBD were found at roughly a third of our 22 survey sites with an overall prevalence of 0.04%. Nine coral genera were infected including Astreopora, Coelastrea, Dipsastraea, Gardineroseris, Goniopora, Montipora, Pavona, Platygyra, and Psammocora. For a southern central Red Sea outbreak site, overall prevalence was 40 times higher than baseline (1.7%). Differential susceptibility to BBD was apparent among coral genera with Dipsastraea (prevalence 6.1%), having more diseased colonies than was expected based on its abundance within transects. Analysis of the microbial community associated with the BBD mat showed that it is dominated by a consortium of cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria. We detected the three main indicators for BBD (filamentous cyanobacteria, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), and sulfide-oxidizing bacteria (SOB)), with high similarity to BBD-associated microbes found worldwide. More specifically, the microbial consortium of BBD-diseased coral colonies in the Red Sea consisted of Oscillatoria sp. (cyanobacteria), Desulfovibrio sp. (SRB), and Arcobacter sp. (SOB). Given the similarity of associated bacteria worldwide, our data suggest that BBD represents a global coral disease with predictable etiology. Furthermore, we provide a baseline assessment of BBD disease prevalence in the Red Sea, a still understudied region.

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Sensitivity of Heterotrophic Bacteria in the Low-Salinity Water Areas and Estuary in Siak District toward Pathogenic Bacteria in Fish

International Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2019/7456410 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

F. Feliatra ◽

Rizki Hamdani ◽

Iesye Lukystyowati ◽

Irvina Nurachmi

Keyword(s):

Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽

Vibrio Alginolyticus ◽

High Rate ◽

Nucleotide Sequencing ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Phylogenetic Structure ◽

Bacterial Diseases

The high rate of bacterial diseases in fishes and shrimps has lead scientists seek for natural antibiotic products that would act as a solution. An example of this product is the secondary metabolic products from heterotrophic bacteria. These bacteria could easily be found in many water regions and estuaries, including the Siak District, Riau, Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims at determining the ability of bacterial isolates in inhibiting the growth of pathogens (Vibrio alginolyticus, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Pseudomonas sp.). The research was conducted from June to September 2018. It actuates the type of heterotrophic bacteria in the sampling area using the PCR technique. The phylogenetic structure of bacterial isolates obtained during this study was assessed by nucleotide sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The antagonism test showed that bacteria had the ability to inhibit the growth of pathogens (Vibrio alginolyticus, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Pseudomonas sp.). The results showed that 25 pure bacterial isolates were obtained, in which 10 of those were carried out by DNA sequencing; hence, it could be used as antimicrobes. Based on the analysis of 16S rDNA, 10 isolates were identified: 6 were Bacillus cereus and 2 were Pseudomonas aeruginosa with homology levels ranging from 97 to 99%, while the remaining two were suspected as the new species of isolates. From the result, it could be concluded that heterotrophic bacteria are found to be better used as antipathogens against Vibrio alginolitycus than hydrophila and Pseudomonas sp.

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Surface Orientation Affects the Direction of Cone Growth by Leptolyngbya sp. Strain C1, a Likely Architect of Coniform Structures Octopus Spring (Yellowstone National Park)

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.03008-12 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 79 (4) ◽

pp. 1302-1308 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Kristina Reyes ◽

Nicolas I. Gonzalez ◽

Joshua Stewart ◽

Frank Ospino ◽

Dickie Nguyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clone Library ◽

Yellowstone National Park ◽

National Park ◽

Microbial Mats ◽

Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽

Content Type ◽

Cone Formation ◽

Phylogenetic Composition ◽

Life On Earth

ABSTRACTLaminated, microbially produced stromatolites within the rock record provide some of the earliest evidence for life on Earth. The chemical, physical, and biological factors that lead to the initiation of these organosedimentary structures and shape their morphology are unclear. Modern coniform structures with morphological features similar to stromatolites are found on the surface of cyanobacterial/microbial mats. They display a vertical element of growth, can have lamination, can be lithified, and observably grow with time. To begin to understand the microbial processes and interactions required for cone formation, we determined the phylogenetic composition of the microbial community of a coniform structure from a cyanobacterial mat at Octopus Spring, Yellowstone National Park, and reconstituted coniform structuresin vitro. The 16S rRNA clone library from the coniform structure was dominated byLeptolyngbyasp. Other cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria were present in much lower abundance. The sameLeptolyngbyasp. identified in the clone library was also enriched in the laboratory and could produce conesin vitro. When coniform structures were cultivated in the laboratory, the initial incubation conditions were found to influence coniform morphology. In addition, both the angle of illumination and the orientation of the surface affected the angle of cone formation demonstrating how external factors can influence coniform, and likely, stromatolite morphology.

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Diversity of cultivated heterotrophic bacteria selected from surface waters of the Vostok Bay of the Japanese Sea

Samara Journal of Science ◽

10.17816/snv201764106 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 32-35

Author(s):

Julia Sergeevna Golozubova ◽

Lyubov Stepanovna Buzoleva ◽

Elena Aleksandrovna Bogatyrenko ◽

Alexandra Vyacheslavovna Kim ◽

Alena Igorevna Eskova

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽

Sea Water ◽

Peter The Great Bay ◽

Japan Sea ◽

Taxonomic Diversity ◽

Vostok Bay ◽

Peter The Great ◽

Heterotrophic Microorganisms

In this article, the taxonomic diversity of cultivated heterotrophic microorganisms of the surface waters of Bay Vostok of Peter the Great Bay of the Japan Sea was considered. In the bay Vostok total number of heterotrophic microorganisms was 2,03-105 КОЕ/ml which can be attributed to mezazoprobnye sea water. Microorganisms isolated from this coastal area are represented by 4 phylums. The cultivated microorganisms were dominated by representatives of the phylum Proteobacteria, which accounted for more than 50% of the total taxonomic diversity of the cultivated bacteria of the Vostok Bay. Phylums of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were also isolated. The taxonomic diversity of microbial community was represented by 15 genus. Based on the phenotypic characteristics, cultured heterotrophic bacteria was classified into the genera Rhodococcus sp., Micrococcus sp., Actynomycetes sp., Bacillus sp., Sarcina sp., Pseudomonas sp., Acinetobacter sp., Arthrobacter sp., Vibrio sp., Halomonas sp., Flavobacterium sp., Acetobacter sp., and Marinococcus sp., Pseudoalteromonas sp., Aeromonas sp., Staphylococcus sp. Sanitation-indicative bacteria in this bay were not identified, which indicates a slight anthropogenic impact. Thus bay Vostok was really insignificant recreational stress and it was reflected on marine microbial community.

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THERMOPHILIC ORGANOTROPHIC BACTERIA OF THE GENUS MEIOTHERMUS IN ALKALINE HYDROTHERMS OF PRIBAIKALYE (BURYATIA)

Samara Journal of Science ◽

10.17816/snv20152108 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 30-32

Author(s):

Valentina Grygoryevna Budagaeva ◽

Darima Dondokovna Barkhutova

Keyword(s):

Baikal Region ◽

Microbial Mats ◽

Hot Springs ◽

Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽

Hot Spring ◽

Optimal Growth ◽

Temperature Range ◽

Hydrolytic Bacteria ◽

Pure Cultures ◽

Ph Range

Aerobic, facultative anaerobic hydrolytic bacteria are widespread in the sediments and microbial mats of alkaline hot springs in Baikal region (Buryatia). Typical representatives of hydrolytic bacteria are alkalotermophylic bacilli which are capable of utilizing organic matter in alkaline hot spring waters. Two pure cultures of bacteria growing on acetate, pyruvate and soetone were isolated from the microbial mat of Baikal region thermal springs (Buryatia). These strains were non-sporeforming straight or curved rods that morphologically similar to the representatives of the genus Meiothermus. Bacteria on agar medium formed small smooth pink colonies. Ecophysiological properties of isolates are studied (with respect to temperature and pH). Optimal growth temperature of culture Um-14-2-1 was 450C, the temperature range was 35-600C. The temperature range of strain Al-14-3 was 30-60C, with an optimum 50 C. The pH range of strain Um-14-2-1 is 6.5 to 9.5, the optimum of 8.0. The pH range of strain Al-14-3 is 6.5 to 9.5, the optimum of 8.5. Two thermophilic heterotrophic bacteria are similar to the genus Meiothermus by morphophysiological properties and the ability to thermophile, and are moderate thermophiles.

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Detection of Bacterial Contamination in Dental Unit Water Lines and Testing the Effectiveness of Disinfectants against these Contaminants

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i831214 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 59-69

Author(s):

Sham Lal ◽

Pardeep Kumar ◽

. Sapna ◽

Om Parkash ◽

Zulfiqar Ali Malik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Samples ◽

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Bacterial Contamination ◽

Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Count ◽

High Rate ◽

Total Coliforms ◽

Bacterial Contaminants ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Dental Practices

Aim: Contaminated dental unit water lines (DUWLs) are a possible source for spreading microorganisms in dental practices. The aim of this study was to detect the bacterial contamination of dental unit water and investigate the effectiveness of the disinfectants. Methodology: Bacterial contamination was detected by a) using bacterial culture of heterotrophic bacteria, total coliforms and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and b) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of DUWLs tube. Subsequently, dentists were suggested to treat the DUWLs with disinfectants to eradicate bacterial contaminants and its effectiveness was tested after three months. Results: Bacterial contamination of the water samples ranged from not detected to 2.38×106 CFU/mL. Out of 34 DUWLs water samples tested, 30 (88.24%) samples exceeded the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommended threshold of ≤500 CFU /mL, whereas only 4 (11.76%) samples met the standards. Contamination by total coliforms and P. aeruginosa was detected in 52.94% and 64.7% of samples respectively. SEM displayed a dense biofilm on DUWLs tubing confirming the bacterial contamination. The intervention for disinfection of DUWLs resulted more than 50% samples with acceptable bacterial count in test performed after three months. Conclusion: The high rate of bacterial contamination of dental unit water highlights the need to disinfect and monitor the quality of DUWLs periodically.

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