scholarly journals A bioassay of the toxic effects of aluminum chloride and aluminum sulfate using Auloforus (Dero furcata)

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (2) ◽  
pp. 022021
Author(s):  
I Ivanova ◽  
A Popov ◽  
A Chukhno ◽  
S Kovalkova
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Aluminum Salts ◽  
Aluminum Cation ◽  
Results Of Biotesting ◽  
Toxic Concentrations ◽  
Chloride Salts

Abstract The analysis of the toxicity of aluminum salts is determined by the fact that aluminum cation is contained in drinking water, artificial dyes and additives, medicines, vaccines, aerosols, and there is also a correlation between the concentration of aluminum ion in brain tissues and clinical manifestations of Alzheimer’s disease. The article presents the results of biotesting the toxic effects of aluminum chloride and sulfate using Aulophorus (Dero furcata). Currently, the methods of bioassay do not have a generally recognized and standardized system of biological analysis, there are no unambiguous requirements that an indicator system should meet. These worms are a biotest object, because its reaction to the environment can be traced by its creation of conglomerates. The behavior of Auloforus in the experiment depends on the concentration, the time spent in aluminum solutions, as well as on the specific salt. When comparing the dynamics of the behavior of Auloforus in experimental samples of aluminum solutions, we established toxic concentrations. It was found that aluminum chloride salts have a less toxic effect than aluminum sulfate.

Fulvic Acid Removal by Aluminum Salts in the Presence and Absence of a Nonionic Polymer

1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-66
Author(s):  
Diamadopoulos Evangelos ◽  
Donald R. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Fulvic Acid ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Aluminum Salts ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Nonionic Polymer ◽  
Presence And Absence

Abstract The removal of fulvic acid by means of aluminum salts and a nonionic polymer (nonionic polyacrylamide) was investigated in accordance with jar test procedures. Both aluminum chloride and aluminum sulfate demonstrated similar efficiencies in removing fulvic acid from water. Removals after nitration were highest at the lowest pH studied (pH ~ 6) and depending on the aluminum dose, removals up to 10')% were observed. The settleability of the flocs, however, was very poor. Only for the highest Al done employed (0 5 v 10-3M) and for the AlCl3 case, removals higher than 80 percent after 20 minutes of settling were observed. The presence of the polymer enhanced both the settleability of the flocs and the removals after filtration. The latter was attributed to the flocculation of the micro-colloidal particles that passed through the pores of the filter in the absence of the polymer.

PRECLINICAL STUDY OF THE VETERINARY DRUGS TOXICITY

1970 ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
E. K. Rakhmatullin ◽  
O. D. Sklyarov
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Preclinical Study ◽  
Veterinary Drugs ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Organ Systems

Preclinical study of the drugs toxicity was analysed it allows predicting the safety of veterinary drugs in laboratory animals. The fundamental normative instruments in the field of preclinical study of drugs for veterinary medicine and animal husbandry are Order of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation dated 06.03.2018 N 101 and GOST 33044-2014 Principles of Good Laboratory Practice. An important indicator of the preclinical study of the veterinary drugs is the determination (calculation) of median lethal dose value (lethal dose for half of the animals tested) or concentration (LD50 or LC50). Existing methods for determining this indicator make it possible at the initial study stage to determine the degree and class the drug of toxicity. Studying the symptoms of intoxication in the analysis of pharmacological substances one obtains significant information about the nature of the action of the future drug. The clinical manifestations of intoxication with damage to various organ systems are presented. As criteria for assessing the toxic effects of veterinary drugs it is recommended to determine LD50, cumulation coefficient, latitude index of therapeutic effects, dose level of toxic effects in the experiment which allows predicting the nature and degree of toxic effects of the drug even at the stage of preclinical veterinary drugs study.

scholarly journals USE OF MODIFIED REAGENTS SOLUTIONS WHEN PREPARING DRINKING WATER

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (166) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
S. Dushkin ◽  
T. Shevchenko ◽  
O. Galkina
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Aluminum Salts ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Clarified Water

Currently, attention is paid to the intensification of the process of natural and wastewater treatment, improvement of technology, development of new effective methods of intensification of water treatment. This will simplify the existing technology of water treatment, reduce labor-intensive processes of preparation and dosing of reagents, reduce the cost of operating treatment plants, increase their productivity, improve quality and reduce the cost of treated water. Treatment of water with a modified coagulant solution allows to increase the hydraulic size of the coagulated suspension. The strongest effect of the modified coagulant solution has on the hydraulic suspension size of 0.2 mm/s and less, i.e. the smallest and the suspension, which is difficult to remove, which creates conditions for more intensive sedimentation in settling tanks and improve the quality of water clarification and fed to fast filters. It has been experimentally determined that the treatment of water with a modified solution of aluminum sulfate coagulant should be performed when the content of suspended solids in the clarified water is up to 100–150 mg / dm3. The color of the clarified water during treatment with a modified solution of aluminum sulfate coagulant does not depend on the content of suspended solids and is 1.5-1.6 times lower than the color than when using a conventional coagulant solution. It is established that the use of a modified solution of aluminum sulfate coagulant in water purification can reduce the residual aluminum content in clarified water by an average of 50-60%. The results of researches of the modified solutions of reagents which are used at preparation of drinking water are presented. It is established that water treatment with a modified solution of aluminum sulfate coagulant allows to improve the quality of drinking water preparation by suspended solids, color, reduce the content of aluminum salts in the clarified water, thereby increasing the environmental safety of drinking water.

scholarly journals Acute oral and inhalation thallium poisonings and their remote consequences (literature review and data from our own research)

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.M. Balan ◽  
A.G. Bogomol ◽  
P.G. Zhminko ◽  
N.M. Bubalo ◽  
V.O. Bubalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Analytical Determination ◽  
Biological Media ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Dermatological Disorders ◽  
Thallium Compounds

Aim of the Research. To generalize modern literature data on the toxicity of thallium compounds (Tl+), the mechanisms of their toxic effects and to analyze the prevalence of acute Tl+ poisonings in recent years abroad and in Ukraine. Compare the features of the clinical manifestations and outcome of Tl+ intoxications with the dose received and the content of Tl+ in biological media. Methods and Materials. A scientific analysis of literature data and our own observations on the prevalence, characteristics of clinical manifestations and outcomes of acute poisoning with thallium compounds was carried out. Results. An increase in the prevalence of single and group cases of acute Tl+ poisoning in recent years both abroad and in Ukraine has been revealed. It was established that among the clinical manifestations of Tl+ poisoning, neurological disorders, gastrointestinal and dermatological symptoms predominate, the severity of which in most cases depends on the content of Tl+ in biological media, mainly in urine and nails. Conclusions. Diagnosis of acute Tl+ poisoning in most cases is delayed or posthumous. When combining previous gastrointestinal and dermatological disorders with painful paresthesias and ascending sensory and motor disorders of innervation in the lower and upper extremities, it is necessary to conduct a chemical-analytical determination of Tl in the patient’s biological media to exclude or confirm intoxication. Key Words: thallium, mechanisms of toxic effects, acute poisoning, diagnostics.

Toxic effects of Atrazine, Deethyl-Atrazine, Deisopropyl-Atrazine and Metolachlor on Chlorella fusca var fusca

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Chlorella Fusca ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Bioassay System ◽  
Herbicide Atrazine ◽  
Herbicide Metolachlor ◽  
Reduced Toxicity ◽  
Toxic Concentrations

The toxic effects of the herbicide Atrazine, its degradation products deethyl-atrazine and deisopropylatrazine, and the herbicide metolachlor were examined in unialgal cultures of Chlorella fusca var-fusca. The toxicity of a mixture of atrazine and metolachlor was also evaluated using the same bioassay system. Cell numbers were determined daily and growth rates were calculated for a period of 4 days. The order of toxicity of chemicals was atrazine>metolachlor>deethyl-atrazine>deisopropyl-atrazine. The presence of a mixture of atrazine and metolachlor in toxic concentrations lower than the EC50 resulted in reduced toxicity (antagonism) in comparison with the toxicity caused by the sum of toxic actions of the same levels of concentration from single chemicals.

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