scholarly journals Mining wastes of the Russian North-West: microbiological prerequisites of reclamation

2021 ◽  
Vol 938 (1) ◽  
pp. 012015
Author(s):  
E Abakumov ◽  
A Kimeklis ◽  
G Gladkov ◽  
E Andronov ◽  
A Zverev
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Mining Wastes ◽  
North West ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Initial Soil ◽  
Russian North ◽  
Mineral Wastes

Abstract Russian North-West is the region with extremely high diversity of superficial mining wastes, deposited in form heaps and hills. These substrata are potentially dangerous for environments and. therefore, should be reclaimed. One of the most effective way of utilization of mineral wastes is to incorporate them to natural processes of revegetation and to initialize the priming of initial soil formation process. Thus, we have investigated microbial processes in very initial superficial ecosystems of numerous heaps of pre quaternary materials of former abandoned and recently explored quarries. The research question of this study: what groups of microorganisms we do have on the surface of mining mineral wastes and are we able to qualify their role in further recycling of mineral waste to natural processes, including pedogenesis and ecogenesis of terrestrial ecosystems. The great variation of taxonomy composition of microbiome composition was revealed. At the same time, some phylums of microorganisms were dominant in all revegetated heaps investigated - Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexia, Verrucomicrobia. They could be considered as a core components of very initial soil microbiome. Primary data have showed the increasing of microbial biodiversity with timing rate of waste exposure on surface.

Profitability and Efficiency Analyses of Small Scale Rice processing units in Ngoketunjia Division, North West Region, Cameroon.

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
Bime M.J ◽  
Fon D.E ◽  
Ngalim S.B ◽  
Ongla J
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Parboiled Rice ◽  
North West ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Rice Processing

Rice production and processing over the years has been on an increase with more small holders entering the business. This study on profitability of processing and marketing of small scale rice processors had as objective to analyse the profitability levels of rice processing and marketing by small scale processors, determine the value added to the commodity at each stage  and also identify the constraints faced by these processors. The study used primary data collected using well-structured questionnaire from millers only, miller traders for white/parboiled rice through a multistage sampling technique. Results showed that the net processing income (3,151,201), value added (8,147,456) and efficiency (138) for miller-traders of white rice was highest, followed by miller-traders for parboiled rice and lastly millers only. Results further showed that millers only had Benefit/cost ratio of 0.4 indicating that milling only is not profitable due to small quantities milled, and high fixed cost. Miller-traders for parboiled rice had a benefit/cost ratio of 2.3 implying that their venture is most profitable. Based on the results, it was recommended that millers only should purchase large quantities of paddy to enable them reduce the overhead cost. Also the services of parboilers should reflect in the sales price of parboiled rice so that the parboiling services can be paid for.

scholarly journals Technical Efficiency of Smallholder Tomato Production in Semi-Urban Farms in Cameroon: A Stochastic Frontier Production Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Paul Jr. Tabe-Ojong ◽  
Ernest L. Molua
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Analysis ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Frontier Analysis

Agriculture is the mainstay of Cameroon’s economy as it serves the purposes of food, livelihood and employment. Nevertheless, the country’s agriculture is plagued by low productivity and inefficiency in production. One of the main reasons for low productivity is the inability of farmers to fully exploit available technologies and production techniques. An important research question that comes to mind is, what are the major factors that hinder the technical efficiency of smallholder farmers? This study thus aimed to determine the level of technical efficiency in the production of tomato in smallholder farms, relying on primary data collected using a structured survey instrument administered to 80 tomato farmers in the Buea municipality of Cameroon. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and a stochastic frontier analysis method in the Cobb-Douglas production function. The STATA.14 software was used to obtain both stochastic frontier estimates and the determinants of technical efficiency. The results indicate that farmers are not fully technically efficient with a mean technical efficiency score of 0.68 with one farmer operating on the frontier. The study also revealed that most of the farmers irrespective of the size of the holdings have shown technical inefficiency problems. The older farmers were observed with the best measures of technical efficiency. Education, age and the adoption and practice of agronomic techniques had a positive and significant influence on technical efficiency while the nearest distance to the extension agent had a rather negative influence on technical efficiency. The input-output relationship showed that the area of tomato cultivation and the quantity of improved seed used were positive and significantly related to output at the 5% level of probability. As a result, it is recommended that farmers should increase their farm size, use of improved seeds and the adoption and practice of novel techniques in production. More emphasis should be placed on extension agents as they have a significant role to play in terms of improving and augmenting farmers’ education and information base through on farm demonstrations and result oriented workshops as all this will ensure increased production and productivity thereby increasing technical efficiency and achieving food self-sufficiency.

scholarly journals A comparative analysis of in-office vital 6% hydrogen peroxide activated charcoal tooth whitening treatment enhanced with an 810nm diode laser, compared to 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
Shabeer I Hassim ◽  
Tufayl A Muslim
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Absorption Enhancement ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Bleaching Procedure

Laser dental bleaching is considered to be a contemporary approach to enhancing the in-office power bleaching procedure. Objective Investigate if laser enhanced 6% Hydrogen Peroxide (HP) solution is equivalent to 35% HP solution over a two-visit power bleaching treatment protocol. In a randomised double-blinded clinical trial, 43 patients were assigned to a group that received either the laser-enhanced 6% Hydrogen Peroxide (n=21) treatment, or the standard 35% Hydrogen Peroxide (n=22) treatment, over two visits, with a one-week interval. Activated charcoal HP paste was prepared for both groups. The laser enhanced 6% HP group received a dosage of 90 J/cm² per bleaching cycle using 810nm diode laser. Tooth colour was measured at the beginning and end of each session registering parameters L*, a* and b*, and tooth sensitivity. The calculated difference between these Parameters, ∆E, was the primary data focus. The mean ∆E over the treatment duration was used to answer the research question by a t-test to evaluate group differences at 5% significance level. The analysis revealed that the null hypothesis could not be rejected and the results were inconclusive. The observations expound the idea of an absorption enhancement mechanism, rather than a free radical activation, as the technique for improving bleaching outcomes.

Formation of strategic networks under high uncertainty of a megaproject

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 575-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anssi Jussila ◽  
Tuija Mainela ◽  
Satu Nätti
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Strategic Networks ◽  
Formation Conditions ◽  
Second Tier ◽  
High Uncertainty

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the formation of strategic networks between second-tier actors in the context of a construction megaproject. The research question addressed is: How do second-tier strategic networks form in high uncertainty projects? Design/methodology/approach This is a qualitative single-case study, which examines strategic network formation in the context of a nuclear power plant construction project. Focused interviews with parties involved or having an interest in the megaproject were used as the primary data collection method. Findings The conditions for network formation in a megaproject context are specified with a focus on the determinants of uncertainty. A total of six second-tier network types with different formation conditions and potential roles in the project are characterized. Research limitations/implications Analyzing the prerequisites of strategic network formation and examining the characteristics of various networks (that are either planned, taking shape or existing between the companies) in this specific context creates a basis for further study of network formation over network levels. Practical implications The formation of strategic networks is critical for many actors in the construction and related industries who are willing to participate in large projects. With the help of our findings, managers are able to define opportunities to orchestrate early phase network formation processes in uncertain circumstances, such as megaprojects. Originality/value The contribution of this paper lies in the close examination of strategic network formation from the second-tier actor perspective under circumstances of high uncertainty related to the early phases of megaprojects. Likewise, the illustration of different types of evolving nets in different phases of uncertain projects offers a contribution to the present discussion on strategic nets.

Personal Branding Digital Natives di Era Komunikasi Media Baru (Analisis Personal Branding di Media Sosial Instagram)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Oryza Devi Salam
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
New Media ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Digital Natives ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Personal Branding

The nature of humans in their lives is to carry out communication activities. An individual can be said to communicate with other people if both have an understanding of the meaning of the message conveyed in their interactions. The progress of information communication technology provides an opportunity for individuals to interact more easily through the internet. In 2017, the number of internet users in Indonesia was recorded at 143.26 million, or 54.68 percent of Indonesia's total population. This number increased compared to the previous year, namely in 2016 which was recorded at 132.7 million. Of the numbers recorded, 130 million of them are active on social media in term of New Media Communication, or noted as information technology-based communication, makes social media as primary chosen for individuals interacting socially in cyberspace. This study aims to analyze how the personal branding forming in social media instagram refer to eight laws of personal branding such as: specialization, leadership, personality, distinctiveness, visibility, unity, persistence and goodwill. The best personal branding must be meets on these eight laws. The type of research conduct as qualitative descriptive, which the method is case study. The data used are primary data from interviews with selected informants and secondary data: documents in the form of photos and texts of digital natives on their Instagram. The data were analyzed by data reduction, data display by arranging it according to the pattern and then verification that is drawing the conclusion to answer the research question. Refer to the results of the study, the conclusion is personal branding of digital natives on Social Media Instagram need to be manage to meet all eight laws of personal branding.Keywords: Communication, Digital Natives, New Media, Social Media

Research methods and evidence-based medicine

2018 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Tim Colbourn
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Study Type ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
And Child Health

This chapter provides an overview of research methods used to build the evidence base for global maternal and child health. It covers primary data collection, secondary data analysis, systematic reviews, and meta-analysis, and provides tips on how to interpret the scientific literature. This chapter should be read in conjunction with Chapters 1–3, Chapter 5 on economic evaluation, and Chapter 4 on converting research into policy to put the use of research evidence into context. The three key points from this chapter are: (1) you need to clearly define a research question before deciding what study type is best suited to answer it; (2) designing a research study involves detailed attention to practical details, including how groups are going to be defined; and (3) scientific studies are sometimes published with incorrect conclusions. Critically appraise each study, and define appropriate conclusions that are based on the data and methodology.

Selecting a Reading Intervention Program for Struggling Readers: A Case Study of an Urban District

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-252
Author(s):  
Kathryn C. Auletto ◽  
Mary-Kate Sableski
Keyword(s):  
Reading Instruction ◽  
Struggling Readers ◽  
Reading Intervention ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Reading Intervention Program ◽  
Long Term Impact

Reading intervention programs provide the foundation for the educational success of students, especially those who are considered struggling readers. States across the country recently implemented legislation related to reading achievement, in which districts are required to provide specific literacy interventions to struggling readers in order to prevent retention. The choice in reading instructional programs has long-term impact on the future of students, as it is these programs that determine the need for retention in response to this legislation. This research study examines the factors that affect the decision of an urban district in selecting a reading intervention program to support struggling readers. The primary data sources include interviews and observations of two teachers who have chosen different reading intervention programs within the district. This study provides insights into schools currently affected by this policy and how they are choosing to respond to the new demands. The research question is: What factors influence an urban school district's decision about specific reading instruction programs for struggling readers in response to state legislation requirements?

scholarly journals Electronic health records (EHR) simulation-based training: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e036884
Author(s):  
Joseph K Nuamah ◽  
Karthik Adapa ◽  
Lukasz Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Electronic Health ◽  
Free Environment

IntroductionEffective electronic health record (EHR)-based training interventions facilitate improved EHR use for healthcare providers. One such training intervention is simulation-based training that emphasises learning actual tasks through experimentation in a risk-free environment without negative patient outcomes. EHR-specific simulation-based training can be employed to improve EHR use, thereby enhancing healthcare providers’ skills and behaviours. Despite the potential advantages of this type of training, no study has identified and mapped the available evidence. To fill that gap, this scoping review will synthesise the current state of literature on EHR simulation-based training.Methods and analysisThe Arksey and O’Malley methodological framework will be employed. Three databases (PubMed, Embase and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) will be searched for published articles. ProQuest and Google Scholar will be searched to identify unpublished articles. Databases will be searched from inception to 29 January 2020. Only articles written in English, randomised control trials, cohort studies, cross-sectional studies and case-control studies will be considered for inclusion. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts against inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then, they will review full texts to determine articles for final inclusion. Citation chaining will be conducted to manually screen references of all included studies to identify additional studies not found by the search. A data abstraction form with relevant characteristics will be developed to help address the research question. Descriptive numerical analysis will be used to describe characteristics of included studies. Based on the extracted data, research evidence of EHR simulation-based training will be synthesised.Ethics and disseminationSince no primary data will be collected, there will be no formal ethical review. Research findings will be disseminated through publications, presentations and meetings with relevant stakeholders.

Does Tourism Really Affect the Happiness of Residents? The Evidence from Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ömer Çoban
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Heritage Tourism ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Mass Tourism ◽  
Secondary Data Sources ◽  
Tourism Destinations ◽  
Research Stream ◽  
The Relationship

Tourism and happiness are highly related concepts. Research streams in happiness and tourism fall into two main categories: (1) tourists’ happiness and (2) residents’ happiness. In this paper, we followed the second research stream by focusing on the relationship between residents’ happiness and tourism. The purpose of this paper is to discover whether tourism development in a destination contributes to the happiness of residents by analyzing secondary data sources, which differs from other studies that have examined this research question using primary data sources. The data used in this research comes from the records of public bodies. Our findings indicate that residents in marine-based mass tourism regions are less happy than residents in cultural heritage tourism destinations.

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