Evaluation of solid-state production of myco-coagulant using various lignocellulosic media to reduce water turbidity

Abstract High turbidity and suspended solids (SS) are among the significant issues that affect rivers due to the wastewater discharge, terrain condition, land cover, rainfall, agriculture, and other development activities. Chemical flocculants such as polyacrylamide and aluminum sulfate are widely employed for agro-industrial wastewater treatment. However, excessive use of chemical coagulants is harmful to human beings and the environment. Therefore, efficient and economically viable bio-coagulants from renewable biological sources is highly sought after. Myco-coagulant (My-coag) is an organic coagulant produced by fungi that are biodegradable and environmentally friendly. This research aimed to evaluate My-coag solid-state production from locally isolated fungal strains using various lignocellulosic media. The fungus was grown on different lignocellulosic substrates such as cocopeat, sawdust, rice bran, and palm kernel cake for 7 days with a pH of 7.0 at 30 °C. My-coag was extracted from the fungal culture using an aqueous buffer solution of pH 7. The fungal growth rate and dry mass were the highest on cocopeat supplement which was about 1.4 g of dry weight. My-coag extracted from the cocopeat showed good flocculating properties in kaolin suspension with the removal of 96.7% turbidity compared to other substrates such as sawdust, palm kernel cake, and rice bran with the removal of 53.7, 19.6, and 11%, respectively. It is expected that further optimization of this process parameters will lead to the efficient removal of turbidity and solids from water and wastewater to move forward in green technology for sustainable growth in the “Clean Water and Sanitation Sector” and protection of the environment too.

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The influence of Palm Kernel Cake and Rice Bran Fermentation Product Mixture to the Broiler Carcass Quality

International Journal of Waste Resources ◽

10.4172/2252-5211.1000104 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 01 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Yadi Priabudiman Yana Sukaryana

Keyword(s):

Rice Bran ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Carcass Quality ◽

Palm Kernel Cake ◽

Product Mixture ◽

Fermentation Product

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Maggot Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Nutritional Content Using Various Culture Media

Jurnal Peternakan Integratif ◽

10.32734/jpi.v8i3.5167 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 202-211

Author(s):

Ase Lestari ◽

T.H Wahyuni ◽

E. Mirwandhono ◽

N. Ginting

Keyword(s):

Rice Bran ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Culture Media ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Ash Content ◽

Palm Kernel Cake ◽

Nutritional Content ◽

Black Soldier Fly ◽

Hermetia Illucens ◽

The Media

Maggot black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) is an insect that is environmentally friendly and can be mass produced and does not compete with humans. In addition, insect cultivation can reduce organic waste that has the potential to pollute the environment. Maggot black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) has a high crude protein content of 42.1%. The length of the life cycle and the high and low nutrient content of the maggot are influenced by the maggot growing media used. In this study using EM4 as a bio-activator for fermentation of rice bran, coconut dregs, tofu dregs and palm kernel cake. The function of this fermentation is to increase the nutrients contained in this material which will later be used as a growing medium for maggot and maggot is one of the alternatives to feed protein sources from fish meal. The study was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design (CRD) 5 treatments and 4 replications, with the weight of each experimental unit the media content is 1 kg and filled with 1 g of BSF eggs and the media size is 37 cm long, 26 cm wide and 10 cm high. The parameters of this study consisted of maggot production and maggot nutritional content, namely moisture content, ash content, crude protein, crude fat and carbohydrates. Based on research results P0 (100% fermented rice bran) obtained an average maggot production of 525g, KA maggot 8,16%, KAb maggot 7,83%, PK maggot 44,82%, LK maggot 21,62% and 17.58% maggot carbohydrates respectively. P1 (50% fermented rice bran + 50% fermented coconut dregs) obtained an average maggot production of 467.5g, KA maggot 9,57%, KAb maggot 9,03%, PK maggot 44,68%, LK maggot 20,51% and 16.20% maggot carbohydrates respectively. P2 (50% fermented rice bran + 50% fermented tofu dregs) obtained an average maggot production of 545.25g, KA maggot 9,02%, KAb maggot 8,32%, PK maggot 44,74%, LK maggot 18,57% and 20.09% maggot carbohydrates respectively. P3 (50% fermented rice bran + 50% palm kernel cake) obtained an average maggot production of 542g, KA maggot 9,16%, KAb maggot 9,22%, PK maggot 43,72%, LK maggot 19,87% and 18.02% maggot carbohydrates respectively. P4 (25% fermented rice bran + 25% fermented tofu dregs + 25% fermented coconut dregs + 25% palm kernel cake) obtained an average maggot production of 831.5g, KA maggot 9,08%, KAb maggot 9,35%, PK maggot 44,38%, LK maggot 17,01% and 20.18% maggot carbohydrates respectively. From the research results, it can be concluded that the use of culture media with a combination of 25% fermented rice bran + 25% fermented coconut dregs + 25% fermented tofu dregs + 25% fermented palm kernel meal is the best combination where the production reaches 831.5 g bsf and 20 carbohydrates. , 18% but could not increase moisture content, ash content, crude protein and crude fat.

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In vitro evaluation of ruminant feed from West Sumatera based on chemical composition and content of rumen degradable and rumen undegradable proteins

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2019.1478-1483 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 1478-1483 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ezi Masdia Putri ◽

Mardiati Zain ◽

Lili Warly ◽

Hermon Hermon

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Rice Bran ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Palm Kernel Cake ◽

Organic Matter Digestibility ◽

Ruminant Feed ◽

Ruminant Livestock

Aim: This research aimed to discover the chemical composition, as well as the content of the degradable and undegradable protein of the ruminant feed commonly used as cattle feed by Indonesian farmers. Materials and Methods: In this study, Pennisetum purpureum, Leucaena leucocephala, Indigofera zollingeriana, Gliricidia sepium, cassava, maize, palm kernel cake, and rice bran were used as feed. Chemical composition was determined by proximate and Van Soest analyses performed in triplicate. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility, as well as the rumen degradable proteins (RDP) and rumen undegradable proteins (RUP) contents, were determined in vitro using the Tilley and Terry method. Results: The results showed that more proteins can be obtained from legumes than from grass or concentrates. The highest protein amount was obtained from I. zollingerian (31.22%), while the lowest protein amount was obtained from cassava (3.59%). Dry matter digestibility ranged from 18.53% (rice bran) to 49.21% (G. sepium). Organic matter digestibility ranged from 35.71% (cassava) to 59.57% (I. zollingerian). Rice bran had the highest RDP from concentrate (73.26%), whereas I. zollingerian had the highest RDP from forage (74.72%). The highest RUP from concentrate was obtained from palm kernel cake (61.01%), and the highest RUP from forage was obtained from L. leucocephala (49.23%). Conclusion: The preparation of ruminant livestock rations must be based on RDP and RUP to meet the needs of both the rumen microbes and host animals. Information regarding the RDP and RUP of feeds is still limited, making this study useful in the preparation of ruminant livestock rations based on RDP and RUP ratios. Keywords: chemical compositions, rumen degradable proteins, rumen undegradable proteins, ruminant, tropical feedstuff.

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Cellulase Activity in Solid State Fermentation of Palm Kernel Cake with Trichoderma sp.

Malaysian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.21161/mjm.39211 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Norsalwani, T. T. L. ◽

Nik Norulaini, N. A. R. ◽

Nurul, J. H. ◽

Massaud, M. B. N. ◽

Nagao, H. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Cellulase Activity ◽

Palm Kernel Cake ◽

Trichoderma Sp

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Indirect Method for Quantification of Cell Biomass During Solid-State Fermentation of Palm Kernel Cake Based on Protein Content

Asian Journal of Scientific Research ◽

10.3923/ajsr.2008.385.393 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 385-393 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Suraini Abd-Aziz ◽

Gan Siew Hung ◽

Mohd Ali Hassan ◽

Mohamed Ismail Abdul Kari ◽

Noraini Samat

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Protein Content ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Indirect Method ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Palm Kernel Cake ◽

Cell Biomass

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Production and Optimization of Cellulase Enzyme Using Aspergillus niger USM AI 1 and Comparison with Trichoderma reesei via Solid State Fermentation System

Biotechnology Research International ◽

10.4061/2011/658493 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

C. K. Lee ◽

I. Darah ◽

C. O. Ibrahim

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Trichoderma Reesei ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Cellulase Production ◽

Palm Kernel Cake ◽

Fermentation System ◽

Production Studies ◽

Novel Design ◽

Filter Paper Activity

Novel design solid state bioreactor, FERMSOSTAT, had been evaluated in cellulase production studies using local isolate Aspergillus niger USM AI 1 grown on sugarcane bagasse and palm kernel cake at 1 : 1 (w/w) ratio. Under optimised SSF conditions of 0.5 kg substrate; 70% (w/w) moisture content; 30∘C; aeration at 4 L/h·g fermented substrate for 5 min and mixing at 0.5 rpm for 5 min, about 3.4 U/g of Filter paper activity (FPase) was obtained. At the same time, comparative studies of the enzymes production under the same SSF conditions indicated that FPase produced by A. niger USM AI 1 was about 35.3% higher compared to Trichoderma reesei. This shows that the performance of this newly designed SSF bioreactor is acceptable and potentially used as prototype for larger-scale bioreactor design.

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