Influence of time intervals of microwave drying of masonry on the final result of drying

Abstract In the area of drying damp masonry, we already know the discussed method of microwave drying. This method is indestructive, which is why it is considered to be used for listed heritage buildings. Even though there was much research done already on this topic, we are still missing answers for some questions regarding particular methodological procedures. This contribution is focused on the impact of time intervals of microwave drying on the final result of masonry drying. The experiment was done on historical masonry of CPP and on ceramic masonry. Two laboratory samples were made out of each type of masonry, to which we applied microwave drying in different time intervals. Difference was in both time of drying and time of pauses between them. The aim was to set an ideal interval of drying.

Download Full-text

Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic Lockdown on Atmospheric Nanoparticle Concentrations in Two Sites of Southern Italy

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12030352 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 352

Author(s):

Adelaide Dinoi ◽

Daniel Gulli ◽

Ivano Ammoscato ◽

Claudia R. Calidonna ◽

Daniele Contini

Keyword(s):

Particle Number ◽

Southern Italy ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Atmospheric Particle ◽

Total Particle Number ◽

Total Particle ◽

Consequent Reduction ◽

Containment Measures ◽

Coronavirus Infection ◽

The Impact

During the new coronavirus infection outbreak, the application of strict containment measures entailed a decrease in most human activities, with the consequent reduction of anthropogenic emissions into the atmosphere. In this study, the impact of lockdown on atmospheric particle number concentrations and size distributions is investigated in two different sites of Southern Italy: Lecce and Lamezia Terme, regional stations of the GAW/ACTRIS networks. The effects of restrictions are quantified by comparing submicron particle concentrations, in the size range from 10 nm to 800 nm, measured during the lockdown period and in the same period of previous years, from 2015 to 2019, considering three time intervals: prelockdown, lockdown and postlockdown. Different percentage reductions in total particle number concentrations are observed, −19% and −23% in Lecce and −7% and −4% in Lamezia Terme during lockdown and postlockdown, respectively, with several variations in each subclass of particles. From the comparison, no significant variations of meteorological factors are observed except a reduction of rainfall in 2020, which might explain the higher levels of particle concentrations measured during prelockdown at both stations. In general, the results demonstrate an improvement of air quality, more conspicuous in Lecce than in Lamezia Terme, during the lockdown, with a differed reduction in the concentration of submicronic particles that depends on the different types of sources, their distance from observational sites and local meteorology.

Download Full-text

Abstract P99: Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Stroke Thrombolysis Rate and Delay to Thrombolysis Treatment in a Regional Stroke Centre in London, UK

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.52.suppl_1.p99 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Brian Drumm ◽

Paul Bentley ◽

Zoe Brown ◽

Lucio D’Anna ◽

Tsering Dolkar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arrival Time ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Stroke Severity ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Neurological Outcomes ◽

Stroke Thrombolysis ◽

Prehospital Delays ◽

The Impact ◽

Stroke Centre

Introduction: There are reports of changes in the numbers of stroke admissions and time intervals to receiving emergency treatments during the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the stroke thrombolysis rate and delay to thrombolysis treatment in a regional stroke centre in London, UK. Methods: COVID-19 testing began at our hospital on 3 March 2020. Clinical data for all acute stroke admissions were routinely collected as part of a national Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme (SSNAP) and all thrombolysis data were entered into our local thrombolysis database. We retrospectively extracted the relevant patient data for the period of March to May 2020 (COVID group) and compared to the same period in 2019 (pre-COVID group). Results: Compared with pre-COVID, there was a 17.5% fall in total stroke admissions (from 315 to 260) during COVID; but there were no significant differences in the demographics, stroke severity, proportions with known time of onset, or median onset-to-arrival time. The thrombolysis rates amongst ischemic strokes were not significantly different between the two groups (59/260=23% pre-COVID vs. 41/228=18% COVID, p=.19). For thrombolysis patients, their stroke severity and demographics were similar between the two both groups. Median onset-to-needle time was significantly longer by 22 minutes during COVID [127 (IQR 94-160) vs. 149 (IQR 110-124) minutes, p=.045]; this delay to treatment was almost entirely due to a longer median onset-to-arrival time by 16 minutes during COVID (p=.029). Favorable early neurological outcomes post-thrombolysis (defined as an improvement in NIHSS by ≥4 points at 24 hours) were similar (45% vs. 46%, p=.86). Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on prehospital delays which in turn significantly increased onset-to-needle time, but without affecting the chance of a favorable early neurological outcome. Our data highlight the need to maintain public awareness of taking immediate action when stroke symptoms occur during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Download Full-text

Abstract 13248: The Impact of Instructions for Covering the Mouth and the Nose on Dispatch-Assisted Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.144.suppl_2.13248 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 144 (Suppl_2) ◽

Author(s):

Hidetada Fukushima ◽

Hideki Asai ◽

Koji Yamamoto ◽

Yasuyuki Kawai

Keyword(s):

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽

Median Time ◽

Chest Compression ◽

Fire Department ◽

Emergency Call ◽

Time Interval ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Median Time Interval ◽

Study Results ◽

The Impact

Introduction: Under the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, rescuers are recommended to cover their mouth and nose with a facemask or a cloth as well as victim’s mouth and nose when performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). However, its impact on dispatch-assisted CPR (DACPR) has not been investigated well. Hypothesis: DACPR including the instruction for covering the rescuer’s and the victim’s mouth and nose can significantly delay the start of the first chest compression. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed DACPR records of the Nara Wide Area Fire Department, covering population of 853,000/3361km 2 , in Japan. We investigated the key time intervals of 505 DACPR records between May 2020 and March 2021. We also compared the results to that of the same period in 2019 (535 records). Results: Dispatchers failed to provide mask instruction in 322 cases (63.8%). The median time interval from the emergency call and the start of CPR instruction was longer in 2020 (197 seconds vs 190 seconds, p=0.641). The time to the first chest compression was also delayed in 2020 (264 seconds vs 246 seconds, p=0.015). Among the cases that dispatchers successfully provided mask instruction (183 cases, 36.2%), median time intervals to the start of instruction and the first chest compression were relatively faster than cases without mask instruction (177 seconds vs 211 seconds and 254 seconds vs 269.5 seconds, respectively). Conclusions: Dispatchers failed to provide mask instruction in the majority of CA cases. However, our study results indicate that the impact of mask instruction on DACPR can be minor in terms of immediate CPR provision.

Download Full-text

Departure Time Choice in Schedule-Based Transit Assignment

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/03611981211033858 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 036119812110338

Author(s):

Markus Friedrich ◽

Matthias Schmaus ◽

Jonas Sauer ◽

Tobias Zündorf

Keyword(s):

Travel Demand ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Transit Assignment ◽

Common Assumption ◽

Adaptation Time ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Departure Time ◽

Departure Time Choice ◽

Passenger Behavior ◽

The Impact

This paper investigates existing departure time models for a schedule-based transit assignment and their parametrization. It analyzes the impact of the temporal resolution of travel demand and suggests functions for evaluating the adaptation time as part of the utility of a path. The adaptation time quantifies the time between the preferred and the scheduled departure times. The findings of the analysis suggested that travel demand should be discretized into intervals of 1 min, with interval borders right between the full minute, that is, ±0.5 min. It was shown that longer time intervals led to arbitrary run volumes, even for origin–destination pairs with just one transit line and a fixed headway. Although a linear relationship between adaptation time and adaptation disutility is a common assumption in several publications, it cannot represent certain types of passenger behavior. For some trip purposes, passengers may be insensitive to small adaptation times, but highly sensitive to large adaptations. This requires a nonlinear evaluation function.

Download Full-text

Design of a computational model for multi-body contact of deformable bodies in the flowing fluid

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201815702012 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 157 ◽

pp. 02012 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marián Handrik ◽

Milan Vaško

Keyword(s):

Computational Model ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Flowing Fluid ◽

Body Contact ◽

Impact Area ◽

Deformable Bodies ◽

Multi Body ◽

The Impact ◽

Design And Testing

The article deals with the design and testing of a computational model for multi-body contact of deformable bodies in the flowing fluid. The computational model will be designed to allow easy modify the impact area of deformable bodies and their shape. The computational model must allow the application of an endless cycle of bodies impact with the possibility of restarting and calculating the following time intervals for collision of bodies.

Download Full-text

Changes in fish populations affected by the construction of the La Grande complex (Phase I), James Bay region, Quebec

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z95-219 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 73 (10) ◽

pp. 1860-1877 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jean-Claude DesLandes ◽

Sylvie Guénette ◽

Yves Prairie ◽

Réjean Fortin ◽

Dominique Roy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lake Trout ◽

Salvelinus Namaycush ◽

Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽

Lake Whitefish ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Complex Phase ◽

Coregonus Artedii ◽

Secondary Productivity ◽

Longnose Sucker ◽

The Impact

Catches per unit of effort (CPUE) with experimental gill nets, recruitment, growth, and condition were monitored between 1977 and 1992 to evaluate the impact of impoundment on the main fish species of La Grande 2, Opinaca, and Caniapiscau reservoirs and the Boyd–Sakami diversion. CPUE and recruitment of northern pike (Esox lucius) and lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) increased markedly at most stations after impoundment and decreased at the end of the series. The lake whitefish and cisco (Coregonus artedii) showed their most striking rise in CPUE at two bay stations of La Grande 2 and Opinaca reservoirs. CPUE and recruitment of the longnose sucker (Catostomus catostomus), white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) (Caniapiscau) showed a general decrease following impoundment. CPUE for the walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) also decreased at several stations; however, the two most southerly stations in La Grande 2 reservoir and the Boyd–Sakami station showed high CPUE during the series. Concentration–redistribution phenomena explain part of the observed variations in CPUE. Correlation analyses showed that walleyes and white suckers were attracted to the warmer, more turbid stations, and that the high primary and secondary productivity of bay stations attracted the coregonines. Growth and condition of the main species increased during variable time intervals after impoundment and decreased at the end of the series.

Download Full-text

Application of Mixed Linear Models in the Analysis of Road Surface Features

Lietuvos statistikos darbai ◽

10.15388/ljs.2015.13885 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 101-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jurgita Židanavičiūtė ◽

Audrius Vaitkus

Keyword(s):

Linear Models ◽

Road Surface ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Mixed Linear Models ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Surface Strength ◽

The Road ◽

Unequally Spaced ◽

Units Of Analysis ◽

The Impact

The data were collected by researchers at the Road Research Institute, in a study investigating the impact of differentfactors on road surface strength. In this statistical analysis, we apply linear mixed models (LMMs) to clustered longitudinal data, inwhich the units of analysis (points in the road) are nested within clusters (sample of four different road segments), and repeatedmeasures of road strength in these different points are collected over time with unequally spaced time intervals. The data arebalanced – each cluster has the same number of units, which are measured at the same number of time points. Because of correlateddata and different clusters in which data could be correlated, linear regression models are not appropriate here, and therefore linearmixed models are applied.

Download Full-text

Experimental Study of the Bond of FRP Applied to Natural Stones and Masonry Prisms

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.624.453 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 624 ◽

pp. 453-460 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Matteo Panizza ◽

Enrico Garbin ◽

Maria Rosa Valluzzi ◽

Claudio Modena

Keyword(s):

Experimental Tests ◽

Point Of View ◽

Shear Tests ◽

Bond Behaviour ◽

Lime Mortar ◽

Glass Composites ◽

Externally Bonded ◽

Heritage Buildings ◽

Natural Stones ◽

The Impact

Compared to more traditional techniques, the application of Externally Bonded-Fibre Reinforced Polymers (EB-FRP) represents a viable alternative for the strengthening of masonry structures, also in case of Cultural Heritage buildings where strict requirements need to be met, aimed at minimizing the impact of the intervention. Since the FRP-to-masonry bond behaviour strongly affects design and effectiveness of such interventions, several investigations have been carried out in recent years to study this phenomenon, generally based on the longer experience developed for concrete substrates. Mortar joints, which are geometrical and mechanical discontinuities, distinguish and characterize masonry substrates from concrete ones, and therefore deserve a special attention as far as their role in the bond behaviour is not clarified yet. This paper, aimed at giving a contribution also from a methodological point of view, presents the main experimental results of shear tests carried out on glass composites (GFRP) applied to natural calcareous stones (pietra leccese), to lime mortar blocks and to masonry prisms made by coupling stones and lime mortar. Overall 22 shear tests were performed, keeping a bonded length of 200 mm for stones and mortar specimens while it was changed from 65 mm (corresponding to one stone and one mortar joint) to 195 mm (three stones and three mortar joints) in the case of masonry prisms. The effect of the FRP end anchorage on the test development was investigated as well, and results of the experimental tests are herein discussed in detail.

Download Full-text

Heat transport in turbulent electro-hydrodynamics

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-3979 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Florian Zaussinger ◽

Peter Haun ◽

Peter Szabo ◽

Christoph Egbers

Keyword(s):

Heat Flux ◽

Spherical Shell ◽

Rectangular Cavity ◽

Microwave Drying ◽

Dielectric Heating ◽

Layer Formation ◽

Dielectrophoretic Force ◽

Volumetric Heating ◽

Thermal Buoyancy ◽

The Impact

<p>Electro-hydrodynamics (EHD) plays an important role in many industrial applications. Ink-jet printers, microwave drying facilities, and lab-on-a-chip devices utilize dielectric properties of the working fluids and their manipulation without moving parts. Another application is found in heat exchangers, where the dielectrophoretic force is used to increase heat transfer due to thermal buoyancy. In particular, the dielectrophoretic force has great advantages in low- and micro-gravity conditions since the force can be used to mimic a gravitational force field. Hence, convection in a rectangular cavity induced by EHD is a model system comparable to Rayleigh-Benard (RB) convection. However, the electric-driven buoyancy term and dielectric heating make the system more complex. The direction of the triggering dielectrophoretic force depends mainly on the temperature gradient which can be used to manipulate the heat flux or the entire structure of the convective flow. Layer formation, comparable to double-diffusive convection, and convective overshooting are two representative cases which can be established by EHD, too. We will present first results of turbulent convection induced by EHD in the rectangular cavity and the impact of volumetric heating. For this purpose, the Boussinesq approximation, as well as compressible models for EHD, are tested also for applicability in geophysical relevant regimes. This is a crucial point as the limitations by incompressible modeling are not well-understood for EHD. The main focus of the study is the analysis of the heat flux as a function of the thermo-electric feedback and the dielectric heating rate. Convective overshooting and layer formation are examined closely. Results of this study are used to estimate transport properties and time scales. Applications using EHD are the GeoFlow and AtmoFlow experiments. The GeoFlow experiment was conducted several years on the International Space Station and gained deep insight into EHD driven convection in the spherical shell geometry. The AtmoFlow experiment is under construction and is planned for operations on the ISS in 2024. This experiment is designed to study atmospheric like flows in the spherical shell.</p>

Download Full-text

Clinical Outcome of Spine Surgery Complicated by Accidental Dural Tears: Meta-Analysis of the Literature

Global Spine Journal ◽

10.1177/2192568220914876 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 219256822091487

Author(s):

Zeiad A. F. Alshameeri ◽

El-Nasri Ahmed ◽

Vinay Jasani

Keyword(s):

Back Pain ◽

Clinical Outcome ◽

Spinal Surgery ◽

Short Form ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Systemic Review ◽

Time Interval ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Dural Tears ◽

The Impact

Study Design: Systemic review and meta-analysis. Objectives: Several studies have reported the impact of accidental dural tears (DT) on the outcome of spinal surgery, some with conflicting results. Therefore, the aim of this study was to carry out a systemic review and meta-analysis of the literature to establish the overall clinical outcome of spinal surgery following accidental DT. Method: A systemic literature search was carried out. Postoperative improvement in Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Short-Form 36 survey (SF36), leg pain visual analogue scale (VAS), and back pain VAS were compared between patients with and without DT at different time intervals. Results: Eleven studies were included in this meta-analysis. There was a slightly better improvement in ODI and leg VAS score (standardized mean difference of −0.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.12 to −0.01, and −0.06, 95% CI −0.09 to −0.02, respectively) in patients without DT at 12 months postsurgery, but this effect was not demonstrated at any other time intervals up to 4 years. There were no differences in the overall SF36 (function) score at any time interval or back pain VAS at 12 months. Conclusion: Based on this study, accidental DT did not have an overall significant adverse impact on the short-term clinical outcome of spinal surgery. More studies are needed to address the long-term impact and other outcome measures including other immediate complications of DT.

Download Full-text