scholarly journals Research on Civil Aircraft Emergency Evacuation Time for Ditching

2020 ◽  
Vol 751 ◽  
pp. 012029
Author(s):  
Wu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Civil Aircraft

scholarly journals Establishing the basis for a school bus emergency evacuation time standard

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 100389
Author(s):  
Gerard A. Davis ◽  
Yousif Abulhassan
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
School Bus ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Time Standard

scholarly journals A Multistory Building Evacuation Model Based on Multiple-Factor Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Tanghong Wu ◽  
Gaofan Zhang ◽  
Zichuan Fan
Keyword(s):  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Multiple Factor Analysis ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Building Evacuation ◽  
Access Path ◽  
Multistory Building ◽  
Evacuation Model ◽  
Evacuation Routes

Emergency evacuation is an important issue in public security. To make a considerate plan, various situations are presented including blocking the accident area and letting the emergency access path available. In order to offer dynamic evacuation routes due to different circumstances, a multistory building evacuation model is proposed. Firstly, to analyse the patency of the building, an evacuation formula is applied after binary processing. The function of evacuation time and some other parameters is given by means of regression analysis. Secondly, the cellular automata (CA) algorithm was applied to illustrate the effect of the bottleneck. The response of evacuation time could be approximately optimized through calculating time step of the CA simulation. Finally, the value of maximum evacuation population density could be determined according to the analysis of CA simulation results, which was related to the switch state of the emergency channel. The emergency evacuation model was simulated by using the Louvre museum as an example. The results of the simulation presented some feasible evacuation routes in all kinds of situations. Furthermore, the functional relationship would also be given among evacuation time with the diversity of tourists, pedestrian density, and width of exits. It can give a different perspective that the multistory building evacuation model shows excellent adaptability to different circumstances.

scholarly journals Estimating horizontal movement performance of patient beds and the impact on emergency evacuation time

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 105038
Author(s):  
Jaeyoung Kwak ◽  
Michael H. Lees ◽  
Wentong Cai ◽  
Ahmad Reza Pourghaderi ◽  
Marcus E.H. Ong
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Horizontal Movement ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Movement Performance ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Analysis of Flood Evacuation Process in Vulnerable Community with Mutual Aid Mechanism: An Agent-Based Simulation Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Wang ◽  
Jing Huang ◽  
Huimin Wang ◽  
Jinle Kang ◽  
Weiwei Cao
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Evacuation Management

Timely and secure evacuation of residents during flood disasters or other emergency events is an important issue in urban community flood risk management, especially in vulnerable communities. An agent-based modeling framework was proposed in order to indicate how the community properties (e.g., community density and percentage of vulnerable residents), residents’ psychological attributes (e.g., flood risk tolerance threshold) and mutual aid mechanism affect the flood evacuation process. Results indicated that: (1) The community density negatively affected the flood evacuation efficiency. The greater the density of the community, the longer the evacuation time. (2) There was a negative correlation between the flood risk tolerance threshold of residents and evacuation efficiency. (3) The proportion of vulnerable resident agents had opposite effects on the evacuation efficiency of different types of communities, which was to negatively affect low-density communities and positively affect high-density communities. (4) Mutual aid mechanism can reduce evacuation time in low-density communities, and the effect was more pronounced with a higher proportion of vulnerable resident agents in the community. These findings can help managers to develop better emergency evacuation management for urban communities.

Adequacy of Safe Egress Design Codes for Supertall Buildings

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 568-580
Author(s):  
Edgar C. L. Pang ◽  
◽  
Wan-Ki Chow
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Normal Heights ◽  
Evacuation Routes

Emergency evacuation for supertall buildings with heights over 200 m require a very long time for occupants to travel down the buildings. Occupants might jam into protected lobbies and staircases, extending the waiting time. There is not yet any code requirement specifically for emergency evacuation in supertall buildings, which are criticized for using the same codes for buildings with normal heights. Further, the evacuation design for several existing supertall buildings does not even follow prescriptive fire-safety codes. The underlying problems have not yet been addressed by thorough studies. Evacuation in such tall buildings in Hong Kong will be studied in this paper. The assumptions made in the local prescriptive codes for safe egress will be justified. Three buildings with evacuation design complying with the local codes are considered as examples. A commercial building, a hotel, and a residential block in Hong Kong are taken as examples. The key design parameters in the local codes are for 40 people evacuating with a flow rate of 1.1 person/s through the staircase between typical floors. The evacuation time from each floor to the protected lobby is assumed to be within 5 min. The evacuation times in different scenarios with these assumptions are calculated. Such assumptions do not hold under a high occupant load. The total evacuation time would be extended significantly when the travelling flows of occupants are blocked in any of the evacuation routes. Different fire-safety management schemes with staged evacuation, such as assigning higher priorities to evacuate lower or upper floors first, are evaluated. The results observed for safe egress are then discussed.

Improved social force model for rescue action during evacuation

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (25) ◽  
pp. 2050273
Author(s):  
Xiaoyong Tian ◽  
Hongjun Cui ◽  
Minqing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Main Direction ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Counter Flow ◽  
Social Force Model ◽  
Evacuation Time

There often exist behaviors of moving against the main direction of evacuation in order to rescue or find the important missing people in real situations. However, the traditional social force model (SFM) often lacks consideration of such “counter flow”. Motivated by this, we improve the traditional SFM to study the counter flow and its influence on evacuation out of multi-exit rooms. We call the person to be rescued “superior” and the rescuers “subordinate”. Two different rescue situations are proposed: superior waiting in place (case 1) and superior moving towards the exit (case 2). The results show that the counter flow will always reduce the evacuation efficiency to a certain extent, and the evacuation efficiency of case 1 is lower than that of case 2. At the same time, for these two cases, increasing the number of rescuers increases the evacuation time. We also find that the existence of counter flow can enlarge the effect of “faster-is-slower”, while increasing the number of exports can significantly improve the rescue efficiency. We hope that this result can help to improve the efficiency of emergency evacuation with rescue.

Simulating Passenger Evacuation in Railway Station under Fire Emergency using Safe Zone Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (11) ◽  
pp. 806-812
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Salarian ◽  
Aida Mashhadizadeh ◽  
Morteza Bagheri
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Safe Zone ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Railway Station ◽  
Railway Stations ◽  
Service Levels ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The City ◽  
Safe Zones

Railway stations are usually considered to be one of the main gathering centers of the city; thus, in the event of any incident, there will be significant casualties. The purpose of this study is to simulate strategies for reducing the evacuation time of the railway station in the event of fire using a safe zone approach with simulation software. To reduce the evacuation time, 18 scenarios were introduced and simulated according to (1) number of gates and exit doors, (2) width of the gates, (3) obstacles, (4) priority of the exit doors, and (5) safe zone. The results show that the best evacuation time occurs by increasing the number of exit doors from two to four and considering a safe zone simultaneously; the evacuation time is reduced by 7 min and 19 s. Using safe zones for emergency evacuation has a significant role in reducing evacuation time and improving service levels. Interestingly, the removal of gates and obstacles would increase the evacuation time of passengers. The proposed model could be used for renovating existing railway stations to decrease the consequences of accidents such as fire.

Simplified Evacuation Planning Model on Naval Ship

2010 ◽  
Vol 44-47 ◽  
pp. 1739-1744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Liu ◽  
Chang Hua Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Linear Program ◽  
Integer Linear Program ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Evacuation Planning ◽  
Planning Model ◽  
Mixed Integer Linear Program ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Naval Ship

In light of the growth in the numbers of maritime disasters during recent years, there is a growing interest in the evacuation of passengers and crew at sea, as documented in recent discussions at the Marine Safety Committee of the IMO. NATO has also developed analogous regulations as part of its Naval Ship Code. In this paper we propose a simplified evacuation model based on the shortest emergency evacuation time for emergency evacuation of a naval ship, which using the theory of mixed-integer linear program to solve navy ship evacuation problem. This evacuation planning model focused on the average evacuation time to travel through the ordered sequence of consecutive arcs by each group. In addition, the model revealed the amount of flow per time unit through the door. Secondly, we proposed a heuristic algorithm to produce sub-optimal evacuation plan. A numerical example is given at last. Results show that the model based on the theory of the mixed-integer linear program can provide more available evacuation solution for naval ship evacuation process.

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