scholarly journals Estimating horizontal movement performance of patient beds and the impact on emergency evacuation time

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 105038
Author(s):  
Jaeyoung Kwak ◽  
Michael H. Lees ◽  
Wentong Cai ◽  
Ahmad Reza Pourghaderi ◽  
Marcus E.H. Ong
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Horizontal Movement ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Movement Performance ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals A Multi-Zone Staged Indoor Emergency Evacuation Algorithm Based on Time Equalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Litao Han ◽  
Cheng Gong ◽  
Lei Gu ◽  
Hu Qiao ◽  
Aiguo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Path Length ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Dijkstra Algorithm ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Crowd Density ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Escape Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Time Equalization

Most of the existing staged evacuation algorithms only consider the impact of crowd density on evacuation partition, but do not take into account the influence of the spatial distribution of occupants and the capacity of exits on the total evacuation time (TET). Therefore, a novel indoor emergency evacuation algorithm based on time equalization is proposed in this paper. All factors affecting TET such as the position and size of each group and the capacity of exits are fully considered in the proposed algorithm, which are uniformly converted into the occupancy time of each exit. An improved Dijkstra algorithm is used to generate evacuation zones according to the proximity relationship and the occupancy time of different exits. The strategy of waiting at the starting point is adopted to ensure that all evacuees are free from congestion during the escape process. In addition, the method of group merging is proposed to further increase the balance among all zones during the partitioning process. The objectives of the proposed algorithm include minimizing the TET of all evacuees, the path length of each escape group, avoiding congestion during the escape process. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm effectively reduces TET and the path length of groups compared with existing algorithms, which improves the efficiency of evacuation and utilization of all exits and can be applied to the various distribution and density of evacuees.

scholarly journals Integrated IEW-TOPSIS and Fire Dynamics Simulation for Agent-Based Evacuation Modeling in Industrial Safety

Safety ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Wattana Chanthakhot ◽  
Kasin Ransikarbum
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Entropy Weight ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Modeling ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The Impact

Emergency events in the industrial sector have been increasingly reported during the past decade. However, studies that focus on emergency evacuation to improve industrial safety are still scarce. Existing evacuation-related studies also lack a perspective of fire assembly point’s analysis. In this research, location of assembly points is analyzed using the multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) technique based on the integrated information entropy weight (IEW) and techniques for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) to support the fire evacuation plan. Next, we propose a novel simulation model that integrates fire dynamics simulation coupled with agent-based evacuation simulation to evaluate the impact of smoke and visibility from fire on evacuee behavior. Factors related to agent and building characteristics are examined for fire perception of evacuees, evacuees with physical disabilities, escape door width, fire location, and occupancy density. Then, the proposed model is applied to a case study of a home appliance factory in Chachoengsao, Thailand. Finally, results for the total evacuation time and the number of remaining occupants are statistically examined to suggest proper evacuation planning.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Impact of Decreasing the Width of Direct Stairs in Apartments on RSET for All Occupants in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 375-381
Author(s):  
Sang Im Lee, Ha-Sung Kong
Keyword(s):  
Fire Safety ◽  
Fire Simulation ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Toxic Gases ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spread Speed

This study analyzed the RSETs for 11-story or less apartments where the building-related laws were not retroactively applied, with consideration of the decrease of direct stairs width due to obstacles piled up on the direct stairs. The RSET was shown to be 631.8 seconds when the width of the direct stairs was 1,260mm. The evacuation time exceeded 5 minutes even when there were no obstacles due to the delayed evacuation start time. The risk increased when the width of the direct stairs was decreased to 960mm, 760mm, and 560mm because of obstacles, and the RSETs were 768.8 seconds, 803.3 seconds, and 834.4 seconds respectively. There are various ways to eliminate the occurrence of obstacles on direct stairs which increase RSET : First, it is necessary to remove the exception that permits the placement of obstacles on the stairs. Second, penalties for the placement of obstacles on the direct stairs should be enforced as written. Third, the fire safety managers need the authority to act on behalf of the fire officials. Lastly, it is necessary to encourage residents to report instances of obstacle accumulation. Henceforth, more research is needed on the spread speed of smoke and toxic gases depending on whether fire doors are installed through fire simulation.

scholarly journals Modeling Evacuation of High-Rise Buildings Based on Intelligence Decision P System

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunyun Niu ◽  
Jieqiong Zhang ◽  
Yongpeng Zhang ◽  
Jianhua Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
P System ◽  
Migration Process ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
High Rise ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interaction Probability ◽  
Density Threshold

High-rise buildings usually have more complex architectural structures and hold more people than single-storey buildings. Currently, crowd management under emergent conditions, especially rapid evacuations of high-rise buildings, is a worldwide problem. In this study, a bio-inspired simulation technology extracted from a cell migration process, namely Intelligent Decision System (IDPS), was used to model the dynamic evacuation of high-rise buildings and calculate the evacuation time for different scenarios. This work was motivated by the comparability between the pedestrian movement behavior and cell migration process. Specific structure information of high architecture was also described in IDPS. A case study was done about evacuation simulation of a 12-storey teaching building in China University of Geosciences in Beijing. The simulation results showed that evacuation time varied with different parameters, such as density threshold, interaction probability, walking speed, population distribution, and stair width. With the proper density threshold and good interaction probability, the load balance of staircases and exits can be improved. For staircases with high utilization ratios, it was recommended that the evacuation process can be accelerated by widening the staircases appropriately. Finally, the impact of initial number of evacuees at each floor level was also analyzed in view of safety management.

scholarly journals Analysis of Emergency Evacuation Modal Choice Behavior with Spatial Indicators: Case Study in Xi’an, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7023
Author(s):  
Zhihao Duan ◽  
Jinliang Xu ◽  
Han Ru ◽  
Yaping Dong ◽  
Xingliang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Modal Choice ◽  
Emergency Events ◽  
Spatial Indicators ◽  
The Impact

To reduce the impact of a natural or man-made disaster, an evacuation is often implemented to transfer the population in the potentially impacted area to a safe zone. Evacuation is an effective measure for dealing with emergency events. This paper presents a multinomial logit model for modal choice behavior in a short-notice emergency evacuation, which incorporates spatial indicators into the utility function. The study examined the determinants of evacuees’ modal choice for three evacuation distances and analyzed determinants impacting the mechanism of the modal choice decision process. The data collected in Xi’an was used to provide empirical evidence for the relationship between spatial indicators and modal choice behavior. The findings of this study will help emergency planners and policy-makers develop strategies for evacuation planning and will enable a better understanding of emergency modal choice behaviors.

scholarly journals A Multistory Building Evacuation Model Based on Multiple-Factor Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Tanghong Wu ◽  
Gaofan Zhang ◽  
Zichuan Fan
Keyword(s):  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Multiple Factor Analysis ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Building Evacuation ◽  
Access Path ◽  
Multistory Building ◽  
Evacuation Model ◽  
Evacuation Routes

Emergency evacuation is an important issue in public security. To make a considerate plan, various situations are presented including blocking the accident area and letting the emergency access path available. In order to offer dynamic evacuation routes due to different circumstances, a multistory building evacuation model is proposed. Firstly, to analyse the patency of the building, an evacuation formula is applied after binary processing. The function of evacuation time and some other parameters is given by means of regression analysis. Secondly, the cellular automata (CA) algorithm was applied to illustrate the effect of the bottleneck. The response of evacuation time could be approximately optimized through calculating time step of the CA simulation. Finally, the value of maximum evacuation population density could be determined according to the analysis of CA simulation results, which was related to the switch state of the emergency channel. The emergency evacuation model was simulated by using the Louvre museum as an example. The results of the simulation presented some feasible evacuation routes in all kinds of situations. Furthermore, the functional relationship would also be given among evacuation time with the diversity of tourists, pedestrian density, and width of exits. It can give a different perspective that the multistory building evacuation model shows excellent adaptability to different circumstances.

Theoretical Study of the Water Entry of a Body in Waves: Application to Safety of Occupants in Free-Fall Lifeboats

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Sauder ◽  
Se´bastien Fouques
Keyword(s):  
Water Waves ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Mass Matrix ◽  
Free Fall ◽  
Theoretical Method ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Momentum Conservation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Impact ◽  
The Impact

The safety of occupants in free-fall lifeboats (FFL) during water impact is addressed. The first part of the paper describes a theoretical method developed to predict the trajectory in six degrees of freedom of a body entering water waves. Slamming forces and moments are computed, based on momentum conservation, long wave approximation and a von Karman type of approach. The added mass matrix of the body is evaluated for impact conditions by a boundary element method. The second part of the paper focuses on the application of the method to free-fall lifeboats, which are used for emergency evacuation of oil platforms or ships. Acceleration loads on FFL occupants during water impact are dependent on numerous parameters, especially the hull shape, the mass distribution, the wave heading relative to the lifeboat, and the impact point on the wave surface. Assessing operational limits of FFL by means of model tests only has therefore been costly and time consuming. This issue is addressed here by applying the theoretical method described in the first part. The model has been validated for FFL through extensive model testing in calm water and regular waves, and statistical estimates of acceleration levels for lifeboat occupants, as well as acceleration time series were obtained that can be used as inputs to numerical human response models.

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