scholarly journals Analysis of Flood Evacuation Process in Vulnerable Community with Mutual Aid Mechanism: An Agent-Based Simulation Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Wang ◽  
Jing Huang ◽  
Huimin Wang ◽  
Jinle Kang ◽  
Weiwei Cao
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Evacuation Management

Timely and secure evacuation of residents during flood disasters or other emergency events is an important issue in urban community flood risk management, especially in vulnerable communities. An agent-based modeling framework was proposed in order to indicate how the community properties (e.g., community density and percentage of vulnerable residents), residents’ psychological attributes (e.g., flood risk tolerance threshold) and mutual aid mechanism affect the flood evacuation process. Results indicated that: (1) The community density negatively affected the flood evacuation efficiency. The greater the density of the community, the longer the evacuation time. (2) There was a negative correlation between the flood risk tolerance threshold of residents and evacuation efficiency. (3) The proportion of vulnerable resident agents had opposite effects on the evacuation efficiency of different types of communities, which was to negatively affect low-density communities and positively affect high-density communities. (4) Mutual aid mechanism can reduce evacuation time in low-density communities, and the effect was more pronounced with a higher proportion of vulnerable resident agents in the community. These findings can help managers to develop better emergency evacuation management for urban communities.

Risk Analysis and Evacuation Research on Crowded Students for Colleges and Universities' Emergencies

2010 ◽  
Vol 439-440 ◽  
pp. 766-771
Author(s):  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Jin Yu Wei
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Safety Education ◽  
Unexpected Events ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Fundamental Causes ◽  
Evacuation Management

This paper analyzes psychological and behavioral characteristics of the crowd when unexpected events happen, and combined with psychological factors, using methods of safety analysis, from the perspective of people, objects and management, analyzes causes of group accidents. Then, based on analysis above, this paper establishes a risk model, analyzes factors which affect evacuation time and risk of crowded students and finds out fundamental causes. Finally, using methods of safety management and safety education, from three aspects of hardware facilities, emergency evacuation management, and daily management, reasonable and practicable measures and advice are put forward, and are applied combined with an example.

Uncommon exit arrangement effects in airplane emergency evacuation

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (13) ◽  
pp. 2424-2431 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Martínez-Val ◽  
JM Hedo ◽  
E Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Computer Model ◽  
Exit Time ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Escape Route ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Certification Process ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Utilization Patterns

This paper presents the effects of uncommon exit size and location arrangement in the emergency evacuation of transport airplanes. The analysis is carried out by means of an agent-based computer model conceived to simulate the evacuation of narrow-body aircraft as required in the certification process, as well as for design purposes. The simulation model provides full evacuation data of all occupants: escape route followed, distance to exit, time to reach the ground, etc., as well as those of the whole cabin: exit utilization patterns, evacuation histograms, chronolines and total evacuation time. The present research concentrates on the effect of uncommon exit size and location arrangements, such as large longitudinal shifting and/or suppression of some of the exits in the evacuation performance.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Staircase Design Factors on Evacuation of Children from Kindergarten Buildings Analyzed via Agent-Based Simulation

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Jiaxu Zhou ◽  
Xiaohu Jia ◽  
Junhan Jia
Keyword(s):  
Design Pattern ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Agent Based Simulation ◽  
Steering Angle ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Rounded Corner ◽  
Evacuation Management ◽  
Design Factors ◽  
The Relationship

Staircase design is critical to the evacuation of children. Through an agent-based simulation, this study focused on the relationship between staircase design factors and evacuation efficiency in a multi-story kindergarten. A quantitative study was conducted on three critical architectural design factors: stair flight width, positional relationship, and design pattern of the juncture between the staircase and the corridor. The findings were as follows. (1) When the stair flight width ranges from 0.7 to 1.0 m, an increase in this width can improve evacuation efficiency significantly; when the width ranges from 1.1 to 1.4 m, evacuation efficiency is improved continuously, but an increase in this width range has a diminishing effect on evacuation efficiency; when the width is greater than 1.7 m, a further increase has an adverse effect on evacuation efficiency, because such a staircase space allows overtaking behaviors. (2) Under the same stair flight width conditions, evacuation efficiency is higher when the staircase and corridor are perpendicular to each other than when they are parallel, because the natural steering angle of the children was preserved during their evacuation. (3) The cut corner and rounded corner designs between the staircase and corridor improved evacuation efficiency and alleviated the congestion at bottleneck positions; the evacuation efficiency continued to rise with an increase in the cutting angle. These findings are expected to provide a useful reference for the evacuation design of kindergarten buildings and for emergency evacuation management.

scholarly journals Pre-evacuation Time Estimation Based Emergency Evacuation Simulation in Urban Residential Communities

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen ◽  
Yu ◽  
Wen ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Residential Community ◽  
Residential Communities ◽  
Emergency Events

The timely and secure evacuation of an urban residential community is crucial to residents’ safety when emergency events happen. This is different to evacuation of office spaces or schools, emergency evacuation in residential communities must consider the pre-evacuation time. The importance of estimating evacuation time components has been recognized for approximately 40 years. However, pre-evacuation time is rarely discussed in previous community-scale emergency evacuation studies. This paper proposes a new method that estimates the pre-evacuation time, which makes the evacuation simulation in urban residential communities more realistic. This method integrates the residents’ pre-evacuation behavior data obtained by surveys to explore the influencing factors of pre-evacuation time and builds a predictive model to forecast pre-evacuation times based on the Random Forest algorithm. A sensitivity analysis is also conducted to find the critical parameters in evacuation simulations. The results of evacuation simulations in different scenarios can be compared to identify potential evacuation problems. A case study in Luoshanqicun Community, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China, was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method. The simulation results showed that the pre-evacuation times have significant impacts on the simulation procedure, including the total evacuation time, the congestion time and the congestion degree. This study can help to gain a deeper understanding of residents’ behaviors under emergencies and improve emergency managements of urban communities.

scholarly journals Analyzing Trade in Continuous Intra-Day Electricity Market: An Agent-Based Modeling Approach

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3860
Author(s):  
Priyanka Shinde ◽  
Ioannis Boukas ◽  
David Radu ◽  
Miguel Manuel de Manuel de Villena ◽  
Mikael Amelin
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Market Liquidity ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Agent Based

In recent years, the vast penetration of renewable energy sources has introduced a large degree of uncertainty into the power system, thus leading to increased trading activity in the continuous intra-day electricity market. In this paper, we propose an agent-based modeling framework to analyze the behavior and the interactions between renewable energy sources, consumers and thermal power plants in the European Continuous Intra-day (CID) market. Additionally, we propose a novel adaptive trading strategy that can be used by the agents that participate in CID market. The agents learn how to adapt their behavior according to the arrival of new information and how to react to changing market conditions by updating their willingness to trade. A comparative analysis was performed to study the behavior of agents when they adopt the proposed strategy as opposed to other benchmark strategies. The effects of unexpected outages and information asymmetry on the market evolution and the market liquidity were also investigated.

scholarly journals Integrated IEW-TOPSIS and Fire Dynamics Simulation for Agent-Based Evacuation Modeling in Industrial Safety

Safety ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Wattana Chanthakhot ◽  
Kasin Ransikarbum
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Entropy Weight ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Modeling ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The Impact

Emergency events in the industrial sector have been increasingly reported during the past decade. However, studies that focus on emergency evacuation to improve industrial safety are still scarce. Existing evacuation-related studies also lack a perspective of fire assembly point’s analysis. In this research, location of assembly points is analyzed using the multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) technique based on the integrated information entropy weight (IEW) and techniques for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) to support the fire evacuation plan. Next, we propose a novel simulation model that integrates fire dynamics simulation coupled with agent-based evacuation simulation to evaluate the impact of smoke and visibility from fire on evacuee behavior. Factors related to agent and building characteristics are examined for fire perception of evacuees, evacuees with physical disabilities, escape door width, fire location, and occupancy density. Then, the proposed model is applied to a case study of a home appliance factory in Chachoengsao, Thailand. Finally, results for the total evacuation time and the number of remaining occupants are statistically examined to suggest proper evacuation planning.

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