Regulation of risks with accounting for the possibility of terrorist attacks on critical infrastructure facilities

Many of the systems that control the critical infrastructure were not originally designed with security in mind. This has left us vulnerable to unwanted attacks in many of the environments. It has become essential that the authors determine if their infrastructures are better prepared for existing and future threats. In this study, the authors will examine the impact of attacks, including terrorist attacks on critical infrastructures, in particular, the Energy sector. The results show that in spite of the warnings of the threats carried out in various sectors and organizations around the world, they have still remain extremely vulnerable because of a number of critical security issues that hamper their ability to better serve and protect our vital information assets. The authors examine some of the most prominent models being used today and how they may be modified to better serve the needs of their user communities and key stakeholders.

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Less Safe

Patriotic Information Systems ◽

10.4018/978-1-59904-594-8.ch002 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 28-41

Author(s):

Harry Hammitt

Keyword(s):

Web Sites ◽

Critical Infrastructure ◽

Bush Administration ◽

Public Access ◽

Open Government ◽

Terrorist Attacks ◽

Government Agencies ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Security Threat ◽

Perceived Security

Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, there has been a tightening of public access. In response to perceived security threats, government agencies have taken information down from Web sites, curtailed or restricted access to electronic sources of information, broadened the interpretation of FOIA exemptions, created or augmented new categories of restricted information, and prohibited public access for critical infrastructure information. These policy responses have been based both on the perceived security threat and an inhospitable attitude toward open government on the part of the Bush administration.

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Security of Water Critical Infrastructure

Safety and Security Issues in Technical Infrastructures - Advances in Information Security, Privacy, and Ethics ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-3059-7.ch004 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 88-116

Author(s):

David Birkett

Keyword(s):

Value Chain ◽

Critical Infrastructure ◽

Terrorist Attacks ◽

Water Services ◽

Water Value ◽

Threat Level ◽

Threat Levels

There is an identified and elevated threat level to water services by modern terrorists, in consideration of increasing levels of observed violence in recent terrorist attacks across Europe. This chapter raises significant aspects related to the security of the water critical infrastructure (water CI). Initially, dependencies and interdependencies of water CI, with other CIs, are highlighted as a potential incubating risk, which may well be hidden within the complexities of the modern water value chain of logistics and services. Threats to water CI including single points of failure are further described, followed by terrorist water attack planning methodologies and strategies. Finally, the water CI protection that may be considered to reduce any future threat levels from acts of terrorism is discussed.

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Comparison of the Efficacy of Homemade and Industrially Made ANFO Explosives as an Improvised Explosive Device Charge

Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina ◽

10.26552/com.c.2018.2.23-27 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 23-27

Author(s):

Lucia Figuli ◽

Vladimir Kavicky ◽

Stefan Jangl ◽

Zuzana Zvakova

Keyword(s):

Ammonium Nitrate ◽

Critical Infrastructure ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Terrorist Attacks ◽

Test Results ◽

Improvised Explosive Device ◽

Aluminium Powder ◽

Different Types ◽

Explosive Device ◽

Improvised Explosive

More than 95 % of all the terrorist attacks are carried out using the ANFO explosives. The ANFO explosives are explosives made from ammonium nitrate and fuel oil. They can be in three different variants (ammonium nitrate with oil, ammonium nitrate with oil and aluminium powder or ammonium nitrate with oil and TNT). This paper describes analysis of the field test results of ANFO explosives of different types. The efficacy of industrially made and the homemade ANFO explosives is compared and their possible usage in terrorist attacks for the treatment or the damage of critical infrastructure elements is described.

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Identification of critical infrastructure and its threats

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Sztuki Wojennej ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0010.3526 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 105 (4) ◽

pp. 99-115

Author(s):

Jacek Milewski

Keyword(s):

Critical Infrastructure ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Terrorist Attacks ◽

Single System ◽

System A ◽

Sense Of Security ◽

Military Conflicts ◽

The Individual

The significance of critical infrastructure, which is defined as devices, service institutions, as well as other areas that have a pertinent meaning on the sense of security of the citizens and the efficient functioning of the national economy, has gained new importance in recent years. The lessons learned from recent military conflicts and terrorist attacks, as well as analysis of events caused by natural disasters clearly demonstrate that disruption of the regular functioning of the individual elements of critical infrastructure might have a negative impact on its functioning as a single system. A wide spectrum of possible evaluating threats trigger development of new and effective solutions for protecting the critical infrastructure.

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Jihadist attacks on Critical Infrastructure

Belügyi Szemle ◽

10.38146/bsz.spec.2020.1.7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bianka Speidl ◽

Hanga Horváth-Sántha

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Critical Infrastructure ◽

Terrorist Attack ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Well Being ◽

The State ◽

International Terrorism ◽

Terrorist Attacks ◽

The Social ◽

Economic Well Being

Besides its function to maintain the social and economic well-being of a nation, operating critical infrastructure serves as a proof of the ability of the state to provide protection to its citizens. Hence, a successful terrorist attack targeting critical infrastructure - in addition to generating fear and panic in the ranks of society undermines the operational character of the state. In recent years, several terrorist incidents in Europe have highlighted the vulnerability of critical infrastructure and, consequently, the importance of protecting it. Bearing this in mind, the protection of critical infrastructure has become a high priority for Western states, in parallel with the growing trend of risks, challenges and threats posed by international terrorism. Recently Europe has seen an increase in terrorist attacks against members of law enforcement as well as the armed forces. This paper argues that such attacks should also be considered as attacks on critical infrastructure, as it is ultimately the human resources being responsible for the well-functioning of those agencies. Further, the paper aims to examine the religious justification of Jihadist terrorist attacks against critical infrastructure.

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Hospital Security: Hospitals and Terrorism

Belügyi Szemle ◽

10.38146/bsz.spec.2020.2.6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 85-96

Author(s):

Gabriella Ráczkevy-Deák

Keyword(s):

Critical Infrastructure ◽

Terrorist Attacks ◽

Severe Damage ◽

Cyber Terrorism ◽

Unexpected Events ◽

Hospital Safety ◽

Asset Value ◽

Management Plans ◽

Terrorist Acts

Hospitals are part of the critical infrastructure and are incredibly vulnerable. Unexpected events may hinder the functioning of institutions, causing severe damage and loss of asset value and quality of service. Every hospital should be prepared for such incidents with well-developed plans and strategies. A hospital can be an ideal target for a terrorist, because a lot of civilians are taken care of (and are open) 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Unfortunately, in recent years have taken place more and more terrorist acts. (eg: 13th November 2015 Paris, and 22nd March 2016., Brussels). How are hospitals prepared for these events in Hungary and abroad? Are the Hospitals Disaster Management Plans sufficient? What kind of terrorist attacks can occur in a hospital (e.g. cyber terrorism)? In my essay I am looking for the answers to these questions and introducing the concept of hospital safety and security.

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